Micro Biology Ch 6
Identify which of the following are functions of the viral capsid or envelope?
-Adherence to host cells -Assisting penetration of viral nucleic acid into the host cell
Identify which of the following are reliant on the viral capsid.
-Adsorption -Penetration
Correct order of viral life cycle phases.
-Adsorption -Penetration/Uncoating -Synthesis -Assembly -Release
Identify the different environments in which some viruses can replicate.
-Animal Cells -Human Cells -Bacterial Cells
Identify all the methods that a virus can use to gain entry into an animal cell.
-Fusion of the viral envelope and the cell membrane -Engulfment/phagocytosis of the virus
At minimum, all viruses are composed of:
-Nucleic acids -Proteins
Identify any benefits of viruses to people.
-Some viruses control insect pests -Some viruses can be modified to deliver genetic cures via gene therapy -Some viruses control food pathogens
Identify which of the followoing are functions of the viral capsid or envelope?
-adherence to host cells -assisting penetration of viral nucleic acid into the host cell
Which of the following are cytopathic effects in virally infected animal cells?
-inclusion bodies -syncytia
Identify any of the following which viroids do not have.
-metabolic pathways -
Identify all the components of the nucleocapsid.
-nucleic acid -capsid
Commonalities between temperate phages and lytic phages.
-penetration -assembly -release -biosynthesis of viral components -adsorption
_____ is the persistence of bacteriophage DNA within a host chromosome.
Lysogeny
T/F Antibiotics cannot be used to effectively treat viral infections.
True
T/F Bacteriophages can increase the pathogenicity of their bacterial host.
True
T/F Both the capsid and envelope can promote viral binding to a host cell.
True
T/F Noncellular infectious agents other than viruses are medically important.
True
T/F Viral nucleic acid may be single-stranded or double-stranded DNA or RNA.
True
T/F Viruses are among the smallest infective agents.
True
T/F Viruses can be both harmful or beneficial to humans
True
T/F Viruses can contain either DNA or RNA, but not both.
True
Which is most important for attachment of a virus to a host cell?
Viral specificity for host receptors
What does "obligate" mean in regards to viruses?
Viruses must have a host cell
______________ is the viral process of attaching to the host cell receptor for the virus.
adsorption
During the _____ step in the viral multiplication cycle, capsids and genetic material are packaged into virions. Please give the specific term for that step.
assembly
What term is used to specifically describe the types of viruses that infect bacteria?
bacteriophage
______________ are infectious agents that infect only bacterial cells.
bacteriophages
Which viral structure can promote binding to a host cell?
capsid and envelope
The total nucleic acid content of a virus can be referred to as the viral ___________.
genome
A _____ capsid has a sprial shape.
helical
Capsid structure which has 20 panels of capsomers arranged in a symmetrical pattern is called an _____.
icosahedron
Which of the following best describe the relationship between viruses and their host cell?
parasitism
Viruses are classified into families based on genetic makeup and _____?
structure
_____ phages enter the prophage state, while _____ phages burst the host cell.
temperate, lytic
Human bacteria that are lysogenized with phage may produce ___________ that are harmful to the host.
toxins
A(n) _______________ is a microscopic, acellular agent composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
viruses
The acronym _____ is used for cytopathic effect.
CPE
Which structure immediately encloses viral nucleic acid?
Capsid
T/F Antibiotics are an effective treatment for most viral infections.
False
T/F Viruses which can lead to cancer are termed carcinoviruses.
False
A _____ virus does not have an envelope surrounding its capsid.
naked
Which is a naturally produced atinviral protein in humans?
interferon
The term _____ is used to describe the physical rupture of a cell.
lyse
The term _____ is used to describe how some viruses burst cells during the release stage of viral multiplication.
lysis
The process by which bacteriophages infect bacteria, conferring new traits enhancing human diesease, is called _____.
lysogenic conversion
When a temperate phage infects a bacterium which gives the bacterium new traits, this is called
lysogenic conversion
Phage DNA that is latently incorporated into the bacterial host genome is called a
prophage
What is the primary function of the viral capsid and envelope?
protection
Capsomers are composed of _______?
protein
What are viruses called which are capable of converting their RNA genomes into DNA?
retroviruses
In some virsuses, including HIV, the enzyme _____ ______ transcribes RNA to DNA.
reverse transcriptase