Micro Biology Ch 6

Identify which of the following are functions of the viral capsid or envelope?

-Adherence to host cells -Assisting penetration of viral nucleic acid into the host cell

Identify which of the following are reliant on the viral capsid.

-Adsorption -Penetration

Correct order of viral life cycle phases.

-Adsorption -Penetration/Uncoating -Synthesis -Assembly -Release

Identify the different environments in which some viruses can replicate.

-Animal Cells -Human Cells -Bacterial Cells

Identify all the methods that a virus can use to gain entry into an animal cell.

-Fusion of the viral envelope and the cell membrane -Engulfment/phagocytosis of the virus

At minimum, all viruses are composed of:

-Nucleic acids -Proteins

Identify any benefits of viruses to people.

-Some viruses control insect pests -Some viruses can be modified to deliver genetic cures via gene therapy -Some viruses control food pathogens

Identify which of the followoing are functions of the viral capsid or envelope?

-adherence to host cells -assisting penetration of viral nucleic acid into the host cell

Which of the following are cytopathic effects in virally infected animal cells?

-inclusion bodies -syncytia

Identify any of the following which viroids do not have.

-metabolic pathways -

Identify all the components of the nucleocapsid.

-nucleic acid -capsid

Commonalities between temperate phages and lytic phages.

-penetration -assembly -release -biosynthesis of viral components -adsorption

_____ is the persistence of bacteriophage DNA within a host chromosome.

Lysogeny

T/F Antibiotics cannot be used to effectively treat viral infections.

True

T/F Bacteriophages can increase the pathogenicity of their bacterial host.

True

T/F Both the capsid and envelope can promote viral binding to a host cell.

True

T/F Noncellular infectious agents other than viruses are medically important.

True

T/F Viral nucleic acid may be single-stranded or double-stranded DNA or RNA.

True

T/F Viruses are among the smallest infective agents.

True

T/F Viruses can be both harmful or beneficial to humans

True

T/F Viruses can contain either DNA or RNA, but not both.

True

Which is most important for attachment of a virus to a host cell?

Viral specificity for host receptors

What does "obligate" mean in regards to viruses?

Viruses must have a host cell

______________ is the viral process of attaching to the host cell receptor for the virus.

adsorption

During the _____ step in the viral multiplication cycle, capsids and genetic material are packaged into virions. Please give the specific term for that step.

assembly

What term is used to specifically describe the types of viruses that infect bacteria?

bacteriophage

______________ are infectious agents that infect only bacterial cells.

bacteriophages

Which viral structure can promote binding to a host cell?

capsid and envelope

The total nucleic acid content of a virus can be referred to as the viral ___________.

genome

A _____ capsid has a sprial shape.

helical

Capsid structure which has 20 panels of capsomers arranged in a symmetrical pattern is called an _____.

icosahedron

Which of the following best describe the relationship between viruses and their host cell?

parasitism

Viruses are classified into families based on genetic makeup and _____?

structure

_____ phages enter the prophage state, while _____ phages burst the host cell.

temperate, lytic

Human bacteria that are lysogenized with phage may produce ___________ that are harmful to the host.

toxins

A(n) _______________ is a microscopic, acellular agent composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

viruses

The acronym _____ is used for cytopathic effect.

CPE

Which structure immediately encloses viral nucleic acid?

Capsid

T/F Antibiotics are an effective treatment for most viral infections.

False

T/F Viruses which can lead to cancer are termed carcinoviruses.

False

A _____ virus does not have an envelope surrounding its capsid.

naked

Which is a naturally produced atinviral protein in humans?

interferon

The term _____ is used to describe the physical rupture of a cell.

lyse

The term _____ is used to describe how some viruses burst cells during the release stage of viral multiplication.

lysis

The process by which bacteriophages infect bacteria, conferring new traits enhancing human diesease, is called _____.

lysogenic conversion

When a temperate phage infects a bacterium which gives the bacterium new traits, this is called

lysogenic conversion

Phage DNA that is latently incorporated into the bacterial host genome is called a

prophage

What is the primary function of the viral capsid and envelope?

protection

Capsomers are composed of _______?

protein

What are viruses called which are capable of converting their RNA genomes into DNA?

retroviruses

In some virsuses, including HIV, the enzyme _____ ______ transcribes RNA to DNA.

reverse transcriptase