Micro-Biology chapter 1

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year?

10 billion

Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?

3.5 Billion years

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed single-lens microscopes that could magnify a specimen up to how many times?

300

What is a helminth?

A parasitic worm

Who developed the first single-lens microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Who was the first to use a single-lens microscope and observe "animalcules" in collected rainwater and in the plaque scraped from teeth?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types?

Bacteria

Select all that apply Which were some of the first organisms genetically engineered? Multiple select question. A. Bacteria B. Helminths C. Viruses D. Fungi

Bacteria, Fungi

_____________ and _______________ are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.

Bacteria, Fungi

Select all that apply Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following? Multiple select question: A. Helminths B. Fleas C. Viruses D. Fungi E. Bacteria F. Protozoa

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, and helminths

The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called ________________________.

Bacteriology

A _____________ is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.

Biofilm

Certain microbes can break down heavy metals and pesticides contaminating soils by a process called ____________________.

Bioremediation

A (n) ___________ disease, such as SARS or viral encephalitis, is a newly identified infectious disease that is becoming more prominent.

Emerging

_________ diseases are those which are newly identified and becoming more prominent. Multiple choice question. A. Communicable B. Emerging C. Infectious

Emerging

Microbes are involved in the flow of which of the following?

Energy

Which cell type is generally larger in size?

Eukaryotic cells

True or false: According to evolutionary theory, the environment changes the genes of an individual organism to help it adapt.

False

Chlamydia infections has been linked to which of the following conditions?

Female infertility

Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores?

Ferdinand Cohn

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?

Free-living organism

Select all that apply The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following? Multiple select question. A. Fungi B. Algae C. Protozoa D. Bacteria E. Animals F. Plants G. Viruses

Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Bacteria, and Viruses

_______________ are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

Fungus

Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers? Klebsiella Helicobacter Escherichia Staphylococcus

Helicobacter

Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?

Helminths

It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following?

Inductive reasoning

_____________ diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.

Infectious

When a theory is supported by compelling evidence that it is correct, it becomes known as which of the following?

Law

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?

Lister

Which of the following diseases have emerged due to human encroaching into new territory and wild habitats? Cholera Lyme disease Influenza Ebola fever Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Lyme disease, Ebola fever, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

_____________ is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

Microbiology

The germ theory of disease stated ______________.

Microorganisms could cause infection and disease.

Which of the following refers to the study of organism form and structure?

Morphology

____________ is the study of fungi.

Mycology

________________ is the study of fungi.

Mycology

Which physician observed that women who gave birth at home had fewer infections that did mothers who gave birth in hospital?

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Which of the following derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

Parasite

Microbiology has many branches of study, including _________________ which is the study of pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain insects..

Parasitology

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following? Pathogens Animacules Microorganisms Bacteria

Pathogens

Which process uses the sun's energy to produce organic compounds accompanied by the formation of oxygen?

Photosynthesis

Describing the process of cell division in bacteria would be part of which of the following? Morphology Biotechnology Physiology Taxonomy

Physiology

When people travel disease can spread. Which is the current mode of travel that is likely to be a big factor in the next pandemic?

Plane

Which of the following human diseases has almost been eradicated? Polio Cholera Malaria Smallpox

Polio

Which type of cell does not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus? Prokaryotic Human Eukaryotic Plant

Prokaryotic

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic

___________ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

Protista

_________________ is the study of protozoa

Protozoology

______________ DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.

Recombinant

A disease that has been known for hundreds of years and that is increasing in occurrence is known as which type of disease?

Reemerging

Tuberculosis, influenza and malaria are older diseases that have been known for a long time, but they are now increasing in occurrence; diseases with this pattern of occurrence are specifically referred to as ________________ diseases.

Reemerging

Which scientist established a connection between infections in the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies?

Semmelweis

Viral particles are usually _____________________ (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells.

Smaller

MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria?

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

The development of the microscope

Which of the following is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method?

Theory

Which is true regarding evolutionary theory? The environment contributes to a change in the DNA and specific traits of an individual. Those traits that favor survival are passed on.

Those traits that favor survival are passed on.

Which term is not used to describe microscopic organisms? A. Vertebrates B. Microorganisms C. Germs D. Bugs E. Microbes

Vertebrates

___________ is the study of viruses.

Virology

Select all that apply Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology? A. Virology B. Bacteriology C. Mycology D. Zoology

Virology, Bacteriology, Mycology

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

Virus

The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microbe?

Viruses

Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes?

bioremediation

The theory of ___________ states that living things change gradually over time through natural selection.

evolution

Greenhouse __________ " such as carbon dioxide and ____________ are produced by microbes.

gases, methane

The term _____________ refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm.

helminths

A(n) ____________ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

hypothesis

A(n) _________________ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

hypothesis

Before a(n) _______________ may be tested using the deductive approach of the scientific method, events that will happen must be predicted by the scientist.

hypothesis

In the deductive process, the statement "If the ______________ is valid, then certain specific __________________ can be expected to occur."

hypothesis / events

with __________ reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.

inductive

The germ theory of disease has been so thoroughly tested that it has become a ________________ or principle.

law

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.

micrometers; nanometers

A(n) ________________ is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell.

organelle

Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as which of the following?

organelles

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) _________________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

parasite

A(n) ______________ is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.

pathogen

Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant ______________, prior to performing surgery.

phenol

Koch's ______________ are a series of proofs that establish whether an organism is pathogenic and which disease it causes.

postulates

Charles Darwin labeled the process of evolution as natural ____________

selection.

A ______________ environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.

sterile

Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as a(n) "__________________.

superbug

A scientific _____________ is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts developed through experimentation that explain or account for a natural event.

theory

Microorganisms are ________________ meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.

ubiquitous

Which are the most common microbes on earth?

viruses