Micro: Ch 1, Cowan 4e, Connors State College

helminth

Name this microbe

prokaryote

The arrow is pointing to a(n) _________ cell type.

viruses

These structures are representative of different types of __________.

What is nomenclature?

assigning names to animals

The theory of __________ states that living things change gradually over time through natural selection.

evolution

Are viruses living or nonliving?

nonliving

What is a virion?

A virus particle that is NOT INSIDE of a host cell.

Which defines spontaneous generation? Abiogenesis or Genesis

Abiogenesis

__________ are prokaryotic, single-celled organisms that can live in extreme environments.

Archaea

Name the 3 domains of the Woese-Fox system of classification.

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

__________ are prokaryotic, single-celled organisms

Bacteria

__________ & _________ are microorganisms have cells that do NOT contain organelles.

Bacteria & Archaea

__________ is the specific process by which microbes carry out the decomposition of harmful chemicals.

Bioremediation

__________ is a specific area of scientific study which focuses on the analysis of factors affecting the prevalence and spread of diseases within a community.

Epidemiology

What is the genus name, for the organism Escherichia coli?

Escherichia

__________ are eukaryotic, single-celled or multicellular organisms

Eukarya

What are the 3 domains of the Woes-Fox system of classification? E__________, A__________, & B__________

Eukarya, Archaea, & Bacteria

Which cell type is larger, Bacteria or Eukaryotic?

Eukaryotic

T or F: A sterile environment is free of actively growing cells an microorganisms, but may contain viruses or dormant life forms such as endospores.

False

Name 4 diseases once thought to be noninfectious, but now are associated with microbes.

Gastric ulcers, cancer, diabetes, & multiple sclerosis

The __________ __________ of disease states that microorganisms could cause infection and disease.

Germ Theory

__________ & __________ recognized that humans could transfer infection to each other, leading Joseph Lister to develop his aseptic techniques.

Holmes & Semmelweis

Whittaker All bacteria would be placed into the same __________, called Monera.

Kingdom

Put the levels in heirarachyof classification Class - Species - Family - Kingdom = Genus

Kingdom Class Family Genus Species

__________ developed techniques for handling beer, wine, & milk and also completed studies on infectious disease agents.

Louise Pasteur

__________ kingdom was reclassified into two separate domains under the Woese-Fox system?

Monera

prokaryotic

Name this type of cell.

N__________ is the term applied to the method of assigning a scientific or specific name to an organism. Whereas taxonomy involves the organization of these named organisms.

Nomenclature

Put in order: An experiment is conducted to test the hypothesis. The scientist develops an explanation known as a hypothesis. A phenomenon is observed in the natural world. Analysis leads to either rejection or support hypothesis.

Phenomenon occurs A hypothesis is developed An experiment is conducted. Reject of support hypothesis

Name the 6 major groups of microorganisms: P__________, V__________, A__________, F__________, B__________, & H__________.

Protists -Viruses Algae - Fungi Bacteria - Helminths

Small pieces of __________ are now known to be responsible for precise regulation of cells, and these may be a target for future antimicrobial therapy.

RNA

Eukaryotic

The arrow is pointing to which type of cell??

fungi

The microbe depicted in this image is an example of a(n) __________.

virus

The object depicted in this image is an example of a microbe called a __________.

bacilli

The small rod-shaped cells depicted in this image are examples of microorganisms called __________.

What is meant by microorganisms are "ubiquitous".

They are everywhere

T or F All bacteria are microorganisms, but not all eukaryotes are microorganisms.

True

__________ & __________ provided evidence about microbial heat-resistance and the presence of endospores.

Tyndall & Cohen

Microbes __________ & __________ have a true nucleus.

Yeast & Protist

What is a helminth?

a parasitic worm

Are viruses cellular or acellular?

acellular

Contributions of Robert Koch: Confirmed the bacterial cause of __________ Established postulates to verify the ___________ theory of disease Developed numerous _______________ techniques

anthrax - germ - lab

__________ __________ __________ developed a large collection of single-lens microscopes that he used to view microbes.

antonie va Leeuwenhoek

__________ are prokaryotic single-celled organisms of primitive origin that are capable of living in extreme or very harsh environments.

archaea

The spherical microbes depicted in this image are examples of __________.

bacteria

The __________ system of nomenclature organisms are assigned and identified by a two-word name representing the genus and species names.

binomial

---------- ---------- colonize body tissues and establish infection .

biofilm formation

Designing organisms in the industrial setting that can provide human products through genetic engineering or clean up environmental waste through bioremediation is part of microbiology referred to as __________.

biotechnology

_________ is the area of taxonomy that involves grouping similar organisms into a hierarchy of taxonomic categories. (c)

classification

Taxonomy involves __________ & __________ living things.

classifying & naming

__________ is the process of the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.

decomposers

Using the general to specific is __________ reasoning, whereas using the specific to arrive at a general principal is __________ reasoning.

deductive - inductive

_________ reasoning is used to make everyday decisions.

deductive.

Lister first promoted the use of __________ agents prior to surgery.

disinfecting

__________ diseases are those which are newly identified and becoming more prominent.

emerging

Recombinant DNA technology involves the transfer of __________ from one organism to another.

genetic material

Staph aureus and Staph epid are bacteria that share the same __________.

genus

An organism carrying an infection is referred to as the __________ for the parasite.

host

A _________ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

hypothesis

__________ is the study of the system of body defenses, which protect it against infection.

immunilogy

A microorganism causes an __________ disease.

infectious

The highest rate of death in low income countries is due to __________ disease, and the highest rate of death in affluent countries like the US is due to __________ disease.

infectious , chronic

Organisms that are only visible with the aid of a microscope are referred to as __________.

microorganisms

Bacteria, fungi, helminths, viruses, archaea have to be studied using a __________.

microscope

The development of the _________ established the science of microbiology by providing a means by which microorganism could be viewed.

microscope

All prokaryotes lack a __________.

nucleus

A(n) __________ is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell.

organelle

The evolution of __________ photosynthesis in microorganism generated an oxygenated atmosphere over time.

oxygenic

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) __________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms it host in the process.

parasite

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as __________.

pathogens

__________ is the biochemical process that uses the sun's energy to produce high-energy glucose from low-energy carbon dioxide and water.

photosynthesis

The __________ __________ reaction allows us to amplify tiny amounts of DNA, creating a powerful tool for diagnosis, forensics, and microbial investigation.

polymerase chain

The deliberate manipulation of organisms by transferring genetic material from one organism to another is known as __________ __________ technology

recombinant DNA

Tuberculosis is an older disease but its prevalence has been increasing in recent years, therefore, the disease is sometimes referred as a(n) __________ diseases.

reemerging

The discovery of "molecular scissors" called __________ __________ has led to great advances in the field of genetic engineering by allowing microbiologists to isolate specific pieces of DNA for transfer into other cells.

restrictive enzymes

Are viruses smaller or larger than most bacteria?

smaller

Staph aureus represent _________ level of classification, most specific grouping of organisms.

species

A scientific __________ is a viable explanation for a natural phenomenon that has stood the test of time and extensive experimentation.

theory

The recognition of their subtle role in other diseases. An increased number of drug-resistant pathogens. An increasing number of immunocompromised patients are current >>>>>>>>>>

urrent trends in infectious disease

A __________ is a virus particle that is NOT inside of a host cell.

virion

A(n) __________ is a microscopic agent, which is not cellular and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

virus

What uses an infected host cell's genetic and metabolic machinery for reproduction and assembly.

virus

Microbes that exist within and beneath the earth's crust have a significant influence on W__________, S__________ F__________, & M__________ E_________.

weathering, soil formation, mineral extraction