Micro Ch. 24

The ________ connects the kidney to the bladder. collecting duct renal capsule fallopian tube ureter urethra

ureter

Which structure connects the kidney to the urinary bladder? -ureter -renal medulla -urethra -loop of Henle

ureter

Because the _______ (ductus/urethra/ureter) is shorter in females than in males, it can be a portal of entry for pathogens.

urethra

Which life stage of Chlamydia trachomatis attaches to host cells and infects them? -An inclusion body -An initial body -An elementary body -A reticulate body

An elementary body

Why does taking antibacterial medications put women at risk for candidiasis? -Bacteria killed by antibacterial agents provide nutrients for Candida albicans. -Depletion of the bacterial microbiota results in higher carbon dioxide levels (which favor the growth of Candida albicans). -Antibacterial agents serve as growth stimulants for Candida albicans. -Antibacterial agents deplete the normal bacterial microbiota, resulting in a change of pH. -Antibacterial agents can alter metabolism, creating conditions that favor the growth of Candida albicans.

Antibacterial agents deplete the normal bacterial microbiota, resulting in a change of pH.

The bacterium responsible for maintaining the acidic pH in the reproductive tract is -Fusobacterium -Staphylococcus -Streptococcus -Lactobacillus -Bacteroides

Lactobacillus

Which of the following bacterium is zoonotic, and uses cuts and scrapes on the skin to enter the host, but ends up causing an infection in the kidneys? -Escherichia coli -Leptospira interrogans -Salmonella -Proteus -Pseudomonas

Leptospira interrogans

Which of these pathogens CANNOT be transmitted congenitally or from mother to baby during childbirth? -Leptospira interrogans -human herpesvirus 2 -Treponema pallidum -Chlamydia trachomatis

Leptospira interrogans

The presence of Gram-negative diplococci in pus from an inflamed penis is diagnostic for infection by -Mycoplasma hominis. -Chlamydia trachomatis. -human herpesvirus 2. -Neisseria gonorrhoeae. -Treponema pallidum.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The presence of Gram-negative diplococci in pus from an inflamed penis is diagnostic for infection by -human herpesvirus 2. -Chlamydia trachomatis. -Treponema pallidum. -Neisseria gonorrhoeae. -Mycoplasma hominis.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

At what stage of the disease are syphilis patients most contagious? -The primary phase -The secondary phase -The latent phase -The tertiary phase

The primary phase

Which phase of syphilis presents with a rash, which may be on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet? -The primary phase -The tertiary phase -The secondary phase -The latent phase

The secondary phase

True or False? Chlamydia reproduces in the vesicles within infected cells.

True

True or False? Clinical manifestations of Chlamydia infections arise primarily from an inflammatory response to the destruction of infected cells.

True

True or False? Except the urethra, the rest of the urinary tract is axenic.

True

True or False? Herpetic whitlow is a herpesvirus infection in health care workers, and shows up as a blister on the finger.

True

True or False? It is difficult to develop a vaccine against Neisseria gonorrhea due to high variability of its surface antigens.

True

True or False? Men infected with Trichomonas vaginalis rarely have symptoms.

True

True or False? Mental confusion is often the only sign of a urinary tract infection in elderly patients.

True

True or False? The risk of developing toxic shock syndrome is increased by the use of super-absorbent tampons.

True

True or False? The urethra is the only part of the urinary system in which one would expect to find normal microbiota.

True

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of UTIs? -Enteric bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, are the most common cause of UTIs. -The presence of flagella and fimbriae make it easier for bacteria to cause a UTI. -Dysuria is the most common symptom of a UTI. -UTIs are more common in men than in women.

UTIs are more common in men than in women.

Some strains of the virus responsible for genital warts can cause the development of -tertiary syphilis. -tichomoniasis. -genital herpes. -vaginosis. -cervical cancer.

cervical cancer

Some strains of the virus responsible for genital warts can cause the development of -vaginosis. -tertiary syphilis. -cervical cancer. -genital herpes. -trichomoniasis.

cervical cancer

Which of the following can mimic gonorrhea infections? -trichomoniasis -candidiasis -syphilis -genital herpes -chlamydia

chlamydia

Which of the following can mimic gonorrhea infections? -trichomoniasis -syphilis -candidiasis -chlamydia -genital herpes

chlamydia

How do vaginal microbiota slow/prevent reproduction of Trichomonas vaginalis? -production of antibiotics -fermentation of sugars -normal microbiota are unable to prevent/slow growth of this organism -production of a biofilm that prevents attachment

fermentation of sugars

What is the most common sexually transmitted bacterium? -Treponema pallidum -Chlamydia trachomatis -Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Staphylococcus aureus

-Chlamydia trachomatis

Some strains of the virus responsible for genital warts can cause the development of A. cervical cancer. B. genital herpes. C. prostatitis. D. both a and b.

A. cervical cancer.

Which bacterial disease originates from animals and spreads to the urinary system in humans through breaks in the skin? A. leptospirosis B. vaginosis C. staphylococcal toxic shock D. candidiasis

A. leptospirosis

Which phase of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of chancres at the site of infection? A. primary phase B. secondary phase C. latent phase D. tertiary phase

A. primary phase

When bacteria invade the kidneys, the result can be A. pyelonephritis. B. urethritis. C. cystitis. D. prostatitis.

A. pyelonephritis.

Which of the following is most commonly infected by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women? A. the cervix B. the vagina C. the ovaries D. the uterus

A. the cervix

Which of the following locations LACKS normal microbiota? A. urinary bladder B. male urethra C. vagina D. female urethra

A. urinary bladder

What causes the formation of fluid-filled blisters that are characteristic of a genital herpes infection? A. viral destruction of epithelial cells B. viral exotoxins C. type I hypersensitivity reaction D. lipid A

A. viral destruction of epithelial cells

If a person has had gonorrhea, what is the best way to prevent the disease from recurring? -Abstinence, monogamy, or use of condoms -Oral contraceptives -Immunization -Prophylactic (preventive) drugs

Abstinence, monogamy, or use of condoms

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding genital herpes? There is an effective vaccine to prevent infection. -Acyclovir is effective in reducing the occurrence of lesions, but is not a cure. -It can only be transmitted when lesions are evident. -Reappearance of lesions is the result of new infections. -Herpes can be prevented using vaginal spermicidal creams.

Acyclovir is effective in reducing the occurrence of lesions, but is not a cure

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding genital herpes? -There is an effective vaccine to prevent infection. -It can only be transmitted when lesions are evident. -Reappearance of lesions is the result of new infections. -Acyclovir is effective in reducing the occurrence of lesions, but is not a cure. -Herpes can be prevented using vaginal spermicidal creams.

Acyclovir is effective in reducing the occurrence of lesions, but is not a cure.

Why does taking antibacterial medications put women at risk for candidiasis? -Antibacterials deplete the normal bacterial microbiota, resulting in a change of pH. -Antibacterials can alter metabolism, creating conditions that favor the growth of Candida albicans. -Bacteria killed by antibacterials provide nutrients for Candida albicans. -Depletion of the bacterial microbiota results in higher carbon dioxide levels, (which favor the growth of Candida albicans). -Antibacterials serve as growth stimulants for Candida albicans.

Antibacterials deplete the normal bacterial microbiota, resulting in a change of pH.

Which statement regarding a chlamydial infection is most accurate? A. 95% of men are asymptomatic. B. 85% of women are asymptomatic. C. Women always show symptoms. D. Neither men nor women ever show symptoms.

B. 85% of women are asymptomatic.

What is the best way to prevent cervical cancer? -Safe sex -Oral contraceptives -Immunization -Proper genital hygiene

Immunization

Leptospira interrogans is the causative agent of leptospirosis. How can exposure to the pathogen be avoided? A. sexual abstinence B. avoiding water contaminated with animal urine C. avoiding eating raw seafood D. avoiding intravenous drug usage

B. avoiding water contaminated with animal urine

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tertiary syphilis? A. a hyperimmune response to the pathogen B. chancres on the labia or scrotum C. rubbery lesions on the skin and bones D. personality changes and blindness

B. chancres on the labia or scrotum

Where is the normal habitat for Trichomonas? A. lakes and rivers B. inside the human body C. on the skin of animals D. insects

B. inside the human body

What caused an epidemic of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome in the United States in the 1980s? A. underwear made from synthetic fabric B. use of super-absorbent tampons C. increased use of the birth control pill D. increased sexual activity

B. use of super-absorbent tampons

How do herpesviruses enter a host cell? -By fusion of their viral envelope with the host cytoplasmic membrane -Through endocytosis -By direct injection of the capsid and its contents -By injecting only its DNA into a host cell

By fusion of their viral envelope with the host cytoplasmic membrane

Which of the following is TRUE of gonorrhea? A. Gonorrhea is a zoonotic disease. B. Gonococcal infections only infect sexual organs. C. Gonorrhea can lead to infertility D. Gonorrhea occurs in all mammals.

C. Gonorrhea can lead to infertility.

Which statement BEST describes the movement capabilities of Trichomonas? A. It is nonmotile. B. It is ciliated. C. It has five flagella. D. t moves by pseudopodia.

C. It has five flagella.

What is the virulence factor that certain strains of S. aureus possess allowing it to cause toxic shock syndrome? A. peptidoglycan B. lipid A C. exotoxin TSST D. capsule

C. exotoxin TSST

How is the pH of the vagina maintained at 4.5? A. secretions of accessory glands B. hormones C. normal microbiota D. an acidic diet

C. normal microbiota

Which of the following is NOT a way for a person to become infected with Treponema pallidum? A. mother to fetus B. sexual intercourse C. toilet seat D. blood transfusion

C. toilet seat

Picture: Branches with clusters of dots in some areas. The presence of the specimen shown in the figure in a vaginal discharge is evidence of infection with -Treponema palladium. -Trichomonas vaginalis. -Chlamydia trachomatis. -Candida albicans. -Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Candida albicans

The micrograph shows several filaments and oval and round small structures attached to them. The presence of the specimen shown in the figure in a vaginal discharge is evidence of infection with -Candida albicans. -Neisseria gonorrhoeae. -Chlamydia trachomatis. -Treponema palladium. -Trichomonas vaginalis.

Candida albicans.

A young adult shows up at a free clinic complaining of painful swellings in the groin. The young woman has a history of occasional casual sex, but denies noticing any genital sores or experiencing painful urination. The young woman is most likely infected with -Mycoplasma hominis. -Neisseria gonorrhoeae. -Chlamydia trachomatis. -Trichomonas vaginalis. -Treponema pallidum.

Chlamydia trachomatis

A young adult shows up at a free clinic complaining of painful swellings in the groin. The young woman has a history of occasional casual sex, but denies noticing any genital sores or experiencing painful urination. The young woman is most likely infected with -Trichomonas vaginalis. -Neisseria gonorrhoeae. -Chlamydia trachomatis. -Treponema pallidum. -Mycoplasma hominis.

Chlamydia trachomatis

What is the most common sexually transmitted bacterium? -Treponema pallidum -Chlamydia trachomatis -Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Staphylococcus aureus

Chlamydia trachomatis

Which sexually transmitted pathogen causes lymphogranuloma venereum? -Candida albicans -Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Chlamydia trachomatis -Treponema pallidum

Chlamydia trachomatis

Which bacterial species causes most urinary tract infections in humans? A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Bacillus subtilis D. E. coli

D. E. coli

The symptoms of a trichomonas infection in men are often confused with which disease? A. giardiasis B. herpes C. chlamydia D. gonorrhea

D. gonorrhea

The bacterium, most commonly linked to urinary tract infections is -Klebsiella -Escherichia coli -Staphylococcus -Proteus -Pseudomonas

Escherichia coli

Which microbe is the most common cause of urinary tract infections? -Staphylococcus aureus -Pseudomonas aeruginosa -Mycoplasma hominis -Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli

True or Falase? Genital herpes and genital warts are both caused by human herpesviruses.

False

True or False? A whitlow is the result of human papillomavirus infection of the skin of the hand.

False

True or False? Genital herpes and genital warts are both caused by human herpesviruses.

False

True or False? Gonorrhea in women is not a risk factor for sterility.

False

True or False? Severe suppression of immune function is the only condition that results in reactivation of latent herpesvirus infection.

False

True or False? The normal microbiota of the vagina help maintain a vaginal pH of around 7.5.

False

What would you expect to happen to the vaginal microbiota of a patient with a defect in estrogen production? -Growth of opportunistic pathogens would decrease. -The vagina would become axenic. -Growth of opportunistic pathogens would increase. -Growth of normal microbiota would increase.

Growth of opportunistic pathogens would increase.

A vaccine is available to prevent infection with _____ (herpes/HIV/HPV).

HPV

Which of the following is the most common sexually transmitted pathogen in the United States? -Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Human papillomavirus -Treponema pallidum -Human herpesvirus 2

Human papillomavirus

How does TSST-1 exotoxin lead to toxic shock? -It binds to receptors on T cells and activates them. -It kills epithelial cells of mucous membranes. -It damages the endothelial cells of capillaries. -It is a pyrogen, causing fever. -It causes red blood cell lysis.

It binds to receptors on T cells and activates them

What is the effect of TSST-1 exotoxin on the body? -It is a pyrogen, causing fever. -It causes red blood cell lysis. -It binds to receptors on T cells and activates them. -It damages the endothelial cells of capillaries. -It kills epithelial cells of mucous membranes.

It binds to receptors on T cells and activates them.

Which of the following is FALSE about gonorrhea? -Most females remain asymptomatic during the initial stages of the infection. -It can lead to inflammation of the cornea in newborn babies, called ophthalmia neonatorum. -It can pass from mother to baby, during childbirth. -Untreated males can progress to a condition that leads to sterility. -Gonorrhea is a disease seen only in humans.

It can pass from mother to baby, during childbirth.

What makes the pathogenesis of leptospirosis different from that of most other bacterial UTIs? -It does not originate from fecal contamination. -The organism is nonmotile. -It has a high mortality. -It does not cause fever.

It does not originate from fecal contamination.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding gonorrhea? It is easily confused with syphilis. -Gonorrhea does not elicit long-term specific immunity. -Untreated infections may result in ectopic pregnancy. -The causative agent can grow on most mucous membranes of the body. -Women usually experience no symptoms early in infection.

It is easily confused with syphilis

Glycogen is converted to acid in the vagina by _______ (Lactobacilli/Streptococci/yeast), thereby contributing to an acidic pH in that area.

Lactobacilli

Which organism causes toxic shock syndrome? -Candida albicans -Streptococcus pyogenes -Mycoplasma hominis -Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following is NOT true of syphilis? -A rash is a typical sign of secondary syphilis. -The bacterium that causes syphilis cannot survive for a long time on -surfaces outside the host. -Some infected individuals experience only the primary stage of the disease. -Syphilis is diagnosed by observing distinct colonies growing on blood agar plates.

Syphilis is diagnosed by observing distinct colonies growing on blood agar plates.

Which of the following is TRUE about Chlamydia trachomatis? -The bacterium reproduces in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. -The infectious stage is called the reticulate body. -The bacterium can cross the placenta. -The bacterium is an intracellular pathogen. -The elementary body is the form of the pathogen that reproduces inside the infected cells.

The bacterium is an intracellular pathogen.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the normal microbiota of the urinary and reproductive systems? -The relative proportions of different species of normal microbiota in the vagina will be different at different times of the menstrual cycle. -Lactobacilli are primarily responsible for creating the acidic pH in the vagina. -Prepubescent girls are more likely to get vaginal infections than teenagers. -The male urethra contains more normal microbiota than the female urethra.

The male urethra contains more normal microbiota than the female urethra.

Which sexually transmitted pathogen is a protozoan? -Trichomonas vaginalis -Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Candida albicans -Treponema pallidum

Trichomonas vaginalis

What disease is caused by Gardnerella vaginalis? -Vaginosis -Vaginal yeast infections -Urethritis -Toxic shock syndrome

Vaginosis

Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the incidence of STDs? -Bacterial STDs are declining worldwide as a result of the ready availability of antibiotics. -The incidence of most STDs could be reduced by vaccination. -The incidence of STDs is known with a high degree of accuracy. -Viral STDs in the U.S. are considered epidemic. -Viruses transmitted by sexual contact are not widespread.

Viral STDs in the U.S. are considered epidemic.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the incidence of STDs? -Viruses transmitted by sexual contact are not widespread. -Viral STDs in the U.S. are considered epidemic. -The incidence of STDs is known with a high degree of accuracy. -The incidence of most STDs could be reduced by vaccination. -Bacterial STDs are declining worldwide as a result of the ready availability of antibiotics.

Viral STDs in the U.S. are considered epidemic.

Which gonorrhea patients most often lack obvious symptoms? -Men -The elderly -Immunocompromised people -Women

Women

The typical sign of primary syphilis is -a chancre at the site of infection. -lymphadenopathy. -a widespread rash. -paralysis. -gummas in various organs.

a chancre at the site of infection

The typical sign of primary syphilis is gummas in various organs. -a chancre at the site of infection. -a widespread rash. -lymphadenopathy. -paralysis.

a chancre at the site of infection

A distinctive feature of secondary syphilis is -a widespread rash that can include the palms and soles. -hard, red, painless bumps. -rubbery, painful lesions. -soft, painful ulcers. -blister-like lesions which ulcerate.

a widespread rash that can include the palms and soles

Presence of clue cells is diagnostic of -primary syphilis -bacterial vaginosis -trichomoniasis -gonorrhea -urinary tract infection

bacterial vaginosis

Which of the following can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, characterized by fever and abdominal pain? -Staphylococcus aureus. -Treponema pallidum. -Chlamydia trachomatis -Neisseria gonorrhoeae. -both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Which of the following can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, characterized by fever and abdominal pain? -Treponema pallidum -Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Staphylococcus aureus -Chlamydia trachomatis -both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Syphilis can be transmitted -by sexual contact. -by fomites. -from mother to fetus. -both by sexual contact and from mother to fetus. -by sexual contact, by fomites, and from mother to fetus.

both by sexual contact and from mother to fetus

The yeast infection ____ (candidiasis/trichomoniasis/vaginosis) can become systemic in AIDS patients.

candidiasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is usually transmitted during sexual intercourse because it -produces cysts that germinate in the vagina. -penetrates cells lining the genitourinary tract. -participates with HIV in coinfections. -requires a growth factor found only in the vagina. -cannot live long outside the body.

cannot live long outside the body

Trichomonas vaginalis is usually transmitted during sexual intercourse because it -requires a growth factor found only in the vagina. -penetrates cells lining the genitourinary tract. -produces cysts that germinate in the vagina. -participates with HIV in coinfections. -cannot live long outside the body.

cannot live long outside the body.

The presence of ____ (bacillus/clue/streptococcal) cells is an important aspect of the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.

clue

When bacteria infect the bladder, the condition is known as ____ (cystitis/pyelonephritis/urethritis).

cystitis

What would be the effect of a mutation that inactivates Neisseria gonorrhoeae's genes for fimbriae? -antibiotic resistance -decreased ability to infect -increased ability to infect -increased immune recognition

decreased ability to infect

A diagnosis of genital herpes is confirmed by the -appearance and size of herpetic lesions. -appearance of stained tissue specimens. -location of herpetic lesions. -binding of fluorescent antibodies. -detection of herpesvirus DNA by PCR.

detection of herpesvirus DNA by PCR

A diagnosis of genital herpes is confirmed by the -detection of herpesvirus DNA by PCR. -appearance of stained tissue specimens. -appearance and size of herpetic lesions. -location of herpetic lesions. -binding of fluorescent antibodies.

detection of herpesvirus DNA by PCR

The frequent, urgent, and painful urination that often results from urinary tract infections is called ____ (dysuria/cystitis/glomerulonephritis).

dysuria

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be treated with an antibiotic? -syphilis -genital warts -chlamydial infections -chancroid

genital warts

A patient with systemic bacterial infection develops high blood pressure, and the urine output declines, but what urine is passed contains blood. The patient does not experience pain with urination. These signs are consistent with ___ (cystitis/glomerulonephritis/urethritis).

glomerulonephritis

The disorder ________ is a complication of systemic infections with Streptococcus in which antigen-antibody complexes form in the blood and get trapped in the kidneys. -glomerulonephritis -leptospirosis -urethritis -cystitis -pyelonephritis

glomerulonephritis

The disorder ________ is a complication of systemic infections with Streptococcus in which antigen-antibody complexes form in the blood and get trapped in the kidneys. -pyelonephritis -cystitis -leptospirosis -urethritis -glomerulonephritis

glomerulonephritis

When certain strains of group A Streptococcus infect an individual, sometimes antibody-antigen complexes accumulate in the kidneys. This disease is called __________. -pyelonephritis -leptospirosis -cystitis -glomerulonephritis

glomerulonephritis

A college student visits his physician, complaining of painful urination and a pus-filled discharge from his penis. Examination of that discharge reveals Gram-negative diplococci. What is the likely diagnosis? -trichomoniasis -syphilis -genital warts -gonorrhea

gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae of the reproductive tract in women -produces severe inflammation of the vagina and cervix. -results in the production of a yellow-greenish frothy discharge. -results in the formation of curd-like discharge. -produces painful ulcerations. -is usually initially asymptomatic.

is usually initially asymptomatic

A lesion known as a whitlow is the result of infection with _____ (chlamydia/herpes/syphilis).

herpes

Which of the following contributes to the invasiveness of Treponema pallidum? -TSST -IgA protease -fimbriae -lipooligosaccharide in the cell wall -hyaluronidase

hyaluronidase

Which of the following is commonly the source of leptospirosis? -infected animal bites -infected animal urine -infected animal feces -humans infected with leptospirosis -infected human urine

infected animal urine

Which of the following is commonly the source of leptospirosis? -infected animal urine -infected animal feces -infected human urine -infected animal bites -humans infected with leptospirosis

infected animal urine

Which of the following would you expect to increase the likelihood of cystitis? -being a male -insertion of a urinary catheter -treatment with long-term antibiotics -consuming more than 4 liters of fluid daily

insertion of a urinary catheter

The vaccine for the most common sexually transmitted papilloma viruses is recommended for girls because __________. -it may prevent cervical cancer -it can also prevent the yearly flu -it may prevent pregnancy -sexually transmitted papillomas are lethal

it may prevent cervical cancer

During the spring calving season, a ranch hand begins to run a fever and feel nauseous and achy. After he develops a headache and vomiting, he goes to a clinic. A microscopic exam of a urine sample reveals long thin microbes that move very rapidly in a corkscrewing pattern. The man may have contracted -lymphogranuloma venereum. -staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. -trichomoniasis. -glomerulonephritis. -leptospirosis.

leptospirosis

The zoonosis _____ (leptospirosis/trichomoniasis/vaginosis) is acquired by skin contact and becomes a systemic infection.

leptospirosis

During the spring calving season, a ranch hand begins to run a fever and feel nauseous and achy. After he develops a headache and vomiting, he goes to a clinic. A microscopic exam of a urine sample reveals long thin microbes which move very rapidly in a corkscrewing pattern. The man may have contracted -glomerulonephritis. -staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. -leptospirosis. -lymphogranuloma venereum. -trichomoniasis.

leptospirosis.

In addition to the genital tract, various strains of Chlamydia trachomatis can infect which of the following? -lymph nodes -the conjunctiva -the lungs -lymph nodes and conjunctiva -lymph nodes, lungs, and conjunctiva

lymph nodes, lungs, and conjunctiva

In addition to the genital tract, various strains of Chlamydia trachomatis can infect which of the following? -lymph nodes -the lungs -the conjunctiva -lymph nodes and conjunctiva -lymph nodes, lungs, and conjunctiva

lymph nodes, lungs, and conjunctiva

The majority of cases of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome are diagnosed in -nasal surgery patients. -menstruating women. -newly delivered mothers. -uncircumcised males. -anyone with a Staphylococcus aureus infection.

menstruating women

The majority of cases of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome are diagnosed in -uncircumcised males. -menstruating women. -anyone with a Staphylococcus aureus infection. -nasal surgery patients. -newly delivered mothers.

menstruating women.

The drug of choice for treating primary and secondary syphilis is _______ (amoxicillin/penicillin/streptomycin) G.

penicillin

If a person who is experiencing a genital chancre tests positive on a MHA-TP test, they should be treated with __________. -symptom relievers only until the disease runs its course -acylovir -metronidazole -penicillin G

penicillin G

The normal pH of the vagina is -pH 6.5. -pH 7. -pH 8. -pH 4.5. -pH 6.

pH 4.5.

The appearance of a wart on the genitalia is a sign of infection with _____ (chlamydia/herpes/papilloma) virus.

papilloma

Condylomata acuminata are associated with infections of which of the following? -papillomaviruses -human herpesvirus 1 -Trichomonas vaginalis -Neisseria gonorrhoeae -human herpesvirus 2

papillomaviruses

Condylomata acuminata are associated with infections of which of the following? -papillomaviruses -human herpesvirus 1 -Trichomonas vaginalis -human herpesvirus 2 -Neisseria gonorrhoeae

papillomaviruses

Which virus causes genital warts? -adenoviruses -hepatitis viruses -HSV -papillomaviruses

papillomaviruses

When chlamydias spread from the genitalia to the rectum, they can cause an inflammatory process called _____ (PID/proctitis/pyelonephritis).

proctitis

When bacteria invade the kidney, the result can be -prostatitis. -ectopic. -cystitis. -bacteriosis. -pyelonephritis.

pyelonephritis

When bacteria invade the kidney, the result can be pyelonephritis. -cystitis. -bacteriosis. -ectopic. -prostatitis.

pyelonephritis.

The noninfective, obligately intracellular forms of chlamydia are called -phagosomes. -elementary bodies. -trachomas. -reticulate bodies. -pseudohyphae.

reticulate bodies

A widespread rash is seen in which stage of syphilis? -primary syphilis. -secondary syphilis. -congenital syphilis. -tertiary syphilis. -latent syphilis.

secondary syphilis

The prostate produces -sperm. -semen. -antimicrobials. -hormones. -urine.

semen.

Untreated infection of males with Neisseria gonorrhoeae may result in -glomerulonephritis. -penile cancer. -trachoma. -sterility. -gummas.

sterility.

The micrograph shows small oval and round structures. Each of them has several filaments growing mainly from one pole. Observation of the microbes shown in the figure from a vaginal discharge specimen is diagnostic for -trichomoniasis. -Chlamydia infection. -syphilis. -trachoma. -gonorrhea.

trichomoniasis

A small, red, hard but painless lesion is a sign of infection with _____ (gonorrhea/herpes/syphilis).

syphilis

A 28-year-old male who is about to be married has been diagnosed with genital herpes. To avoid complications from the disease and to avoid transmitting the disease to his spouse, his doctor should recommend all of these EXCEPT __________. -washing hands frequently, especially after touching a lesion -taking penicillin daily for the next year -taking acyclovir for a 6- to 12-month period -always wearing a condom when having sexual intercourse

taking penicillin daily for the next year

Diagnosis of syphilis is usually made by -DNA probes. -a Pap smear. -microscopic evaluation of stained specimens. -the MHA-TP test. -culturing specimens on laboratory media.

the MHA-TP test

Diagnosis of syphilis is usually made by -a Pap smear. -culturing specimens on laboratory media. -DNA probes. -microscopic evaluation of stained specimens. -the MHA-TP test.

the MHA-TP test

Neisseria gonorrhoeae most commonly infects which of the following in females? -the vagina -the fallopian tubes -the uterus -the ovaries -the cervix

the cervix

Which of the following is a characteristic of bacterial vaginosis frequently used to confirm diagnosis? -fever and rash -the presence of clue cells -an acidic vaginal pH -an abnormal vaginal discharge -the presence of buboes

the presence of clue cells

Babies exposed to an intracellular parasite normally transmitted by sexual contact are at risk for _____ (conjunctivitis/trachoma/warts).

trachoma

A woman goes to her gynecologist and reports that she is experiencing pain during intercourse and frequently has an unusual vaginal discharge that is increased in quantity and sort of foamy. A vaginal smear shows normal appearing epithelial cells along with small leaf-shaped cells with prominent oval nuclei. What disease is the woman experiencing? -syphilis -cervical cancer -leptospirosis -herpes -trichomoniasis

trichomoniasis

A woman goes to her gynecologist and reports that she is experiencing pain during intercourse and frequently has an unusual vaginal discharge that is increased in quantity and sort of foamy. A vaginal smear shows normal appearing epithelial cells along with small leaf-shaped cells with prominent oval nuclei. What disease is the woman experiencing? -syphilis -trichomoniasis -herpes -leptospirosis -cervical cancer

trichomoniasis

A woman visits her gynecologist, complaining of vaginal discharge, irritation, and pain during intercourse. Upon examination, her doctor observes a yellowish-green color to the discharge and a foul-smelling odor (but not "fishy" smelling.) What disease does the woman most likely have? -trichomoniasis -bacterial vaginosis -candidiasis -gonorrhea

trichomoniasis

Picture: Dots with short hairlike strands extending from them. Observation of the microbes shown in the figure from a vaginal discharge specimen is diagnostic for -gonorrhea. -trichomoniasis. -trachoma. -syphilis. -Chlamydia infection.

trichomoniasis