micro chap. 3 and 4

Prokaryotic chromosome is a)single-stranded DNA. b)double-stranded DNA. c)a mixture of single- and double-stranded DNA. d)single-stranded RNA.

double-stranded DNA.

What property makes a molecule amphipathic? - It acts as an acid in solution - It is lipid soluble -it has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions - It acts as a superantigen

it has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Archaea and Bacteria domains consist of a)prokaryotes. b)eukaryotes. c)both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. d)all members of the six kingdoms.

prokaryotes.

All eukaryotes have a cell wall. a)True b)False

FALSE

Prokaryotes do not carry out sexual reproduction; however, eukaryotes can only reproduce sexually. a)True b)False

FALSE

_____ resembles a series of disc-like, flattened sacs called cisternae that stack upon one another. a)The mitochondrion b)The chloroplast c)The Golgi apparatus d)The vesicle

The Golgi apparatus

The domain of Eukarya is classified into ____ different kingdoms. a)4 b)6 c)8 d)10

4

If an atom has 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 5 electrons, what is its atomic number? 20 5 10 15

5

Many toxins target eukaryotic ribosomes by inactivating the ______ subunit. a)20S b)40S c)60S d)80S

60s

______ ribosomes are present in mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. a)50S b)60S c)70S d)80S

70s

Which of the following is not seen in binary fission? a)DNA replication b)Cell elongates c)Cell plate starts to form d)Cell is partitioned

Cell plate starts to form

Which of the following is a component of a nucleic acid? Nitrogenous base glycosidic bond disaccharide amino acid

Nitrogenous base

Which of the following is not seen in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria structures? a)Glycocalyx b)Peptidoglycan c)Outer membrane d)Inclusion bodies

Outer Membrane

________ is also called cell eating and is an example of an endocytic process. a)Glycocytosis b)Phagocytosis c)Pinocytosis d)Lipocytosis

Phagocytosis

Archaea tend to exhibit a lot more diversity in their cell walls than do bacteria. a)True b)False

TRUE

Because Gram-negative cells have a thin layer of peptidoglycan, they tend to be less sensitive to penicillin-based drugs than are Gram-positive bacteria. a)True b)False

TRUE

Certain eukaryotes have a cell wall. a)True b)False

TRUE

Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and a variety of other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts .a)True b)False

TRUE

Gram-positive bacteria are more susceptible to penicillin than Gram-negative bacteria. a)True b)False

TRUE

When viruses and other pathogens invade eukaryotic cells, they often trigger the stress response in the endoplasmic reticulum, which might result in the stimulation of an immune response. a)True b)False

TRUE

Which of the following statements is not true regarding fungi? a)They can be unicellular or multicellular. b)They are heterotrophs. c)They are prokaryotic. d)They make ATP from photosynthesis.

They make ATP from photosynthesis.

The frequency of binary fission differs from species to species and is greatly affected by environmental conditions such as nutrient availability. a)True b)False

True

What does an unsaturated fatty acid have that a saturated fatty acid does not have? a carboxylic acid at the end of the hydrocarbon chain a polar head group attached to the hydrocarbons a sulfur group in the middle of the hydrocarbon chain a double bond in the hydrocarbon chain

a double bond in the hydrocarbon chain

In ________ reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent. a)asexual b)sexual c)meiosis d)mitosis

a)asexual

Prokaryotes are different from eukaryotes due to their ________. Select all that apply. a)cell walls b)method of cell division c)ribosomes d)ability to carry out active transport

a)cell walls b)method of cell division c)ribosomes

Bacteria use ___________ as a core component of their cell walls. a)peptidoglycan b)pseudomurein c)glucan d)glycoprotein

a)peptidoglycan

When a cell is in a hypertonic environment, _______ . Choose all that apply. a)water is drawn out of the cell b)cell lysis will occur if the cell wall is damaged c)cell plasmolysis will occur d)the cell does not experience an effect

a)water is drawn out of the cell c)cell plasmolysis will occur

Genera Nocardia and Mycobacterium are the best-known examples of a)acid-fast bacteria .b)non-acid-fast bacteria. c)neutral bacteria .d)non-stain bacteria.

acid-fast bacteria

he eukaryotic glycocalyx is used for protection, _______ , and communication. a)transportation b)motion c)adhesion d)reproduction

adhesion

Which of the following does not belong to a eukaryotic kingdom?a)animals b)fungi c)plants d)archaea

archaea

Prokaryotes can store a variety of substances such as enzymes, iron, glycogen, and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in a)cell walls. b)inclusion bodies. c)ribosomes. d)nucleoids.

b)inclusion bodies.

population of prokaryotic cells with rod or cylindrical shapes are called a)bacillus. b)bacilli. c)coccus .d)cocci.

bacilli.

Antibacterial drugs are not effective in treating yeast infections because a)bacteria are prokaryotic but yeasts are eukaryotic .b)the drugs can only target the plasma membrane. c)bacteria are unicellular but yeasts are multicellular. d)bacteria have cell walls but yeasts do not have cell walls.

bacteria are prokaryotic but yeasts are eukaryotic

Prokaryotic ribosomes are made of two subunits; the larger is ____ , and the smaller is ____ . a)70S, 50S b)80S, 50S c)50S, 30S d)55S, 35S

c)50S, 30S

The _______ technique allows scientists to classify bacteria based on cell wall structure .a)simple stain b)acid-fast stain c)Gram stain d)structural stain

c)Gram stain

_______ have a cell wall with a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain _______ in the Gram stain procedure. a)Gram-positive bacteria; pink b)Gram-negative bacteria; purple c)Gram-positive bacteria; purple d)Gram-negative bacteria; pink

c)Gram-positive bacteria; purple

Most prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually by a)budding. b)fission. c)binary fission. d)fertilization.

c)binary fission.

The binary fission-like method of division in eukaryotic organelles such as _______ and _______ supports the endosymbiotic theory. a)mitochondria; nuclei b)mitochondria; ribosomes c)mitochondria; chloroplasts d)mitochondria; phagosomes

c)mitochondria; chloroplasts

Archaea and Bacteria differ in their a)types of cells. b)reproduction .c)cell wall composition. d)cellular complexity.

cell wall composition

The Gram stain technique allows us to classify cells based on a)cell wall structure. b)intracellular structure. c)cytoplasmic structure. d)plasma membrane structure.

cell wall structure

Which bond is characterized by a sharing of electrons by two atoms so that both achieve a full outer shell? ionic bond hydrogen bond Van der Waals interactions covalent bond

covalent bond

Endocytosis does not include a)pinocytosis. b)phagocytosis. c)receptor-mediated endocytosis. d)cytolysis.

cytolysis

All of the following are functions of mitochondria, except a)generating ATP. b)regulating cell division. c)carrying out apoptosis. d)dictating gene transfer.

dictating gene transfer.

Eukaryotic cells have ____ ribosomes that are made up of a small subunit, the ____ , and a large subunit, the ____ .a)70S; 30S; 40S b)70S; 20S; 50S c)80S; 30S; 50S d)80S; 40S; 60S

d)80S; 40S; 60S

Which of the below is not eukaryotic?a)Parasitic worms b)Plasmodium c)Balantidium coli d)Escherichia coli

d)Escherichia coli

Eukaryotic ribosomes can be found free in the cytoplasm, or bound to the membrane of an organelle called the a)endoplasmic reticulum (ER) .b)ribosomal RNA .c)nuclear membrane. d)Golgi apparatus.

endoplasmic reticulum

The capacity to make __________ allows dangerous pathogens like Clostridium tetani,C. botulinum, C. perfringens, and C. difficile to survive for extended periods on surfaces. a)capsules b)flagella c)fimbriae d)endospores

endospores

What allows bacteria to move around? flagella capsule plasmids fimbria

flagella

Meiosis produces a)embryos. b)gametes. c )zygotes. d)fertilized eggs.

gametes

What is the gelatinous substance on the outside of a bacterial membrane called? plasmid nucleoid ribosome glycocalyx

glycocalyx

Drugs face challenges in crossing the waxy cell wall of acid-fast bacteria; thus, a)patients infected with acid-fast pathogens are not treatable. b)synthesizing effective drugs to treat this type of infection is impossible. c)multidrug therapies in patients infected with acid-fast pathogens are usually employed. d)the bacteria can mutate very quickly.

multidrug therapies in patients infected with acid-fast pathogens are usually employed.

Fungal diseases are called a)fungal infections .b)mycoses .c)autoimmune disorders. d)allergies.

mycoses

Eukaryotic flagella are made of the protein tubulin and have what is called a _______ arrangement. a)two-plus-nine b)three-plus-six c)nine-plus-four d)nine-plus-two

nine-plus-two

Prokaryotic DNA is typically organized into a single, circular chromosome, located in the ____ region of the cell. a)nucleus b)nucleolus c)nucleoid d)plasmid

nucleoid

Hardiness of Gram-negative bacteria is in part due to their _________ , a selective barrier that guards against damage by certain antimicrobial agents. a)cell wall b)outer membrane c)cytoplasmic membrane d)peptides

outer membrane

What is present in gram negative, but not gram positive bacteria? plasmides outer membrane flagella ribosomes

outer membrane

What is a core component of a bacterial cell wall? peptidoglycan microtubules nucleic acids pseudomurein

peptidoglycan

Penicillin has no impact on eukaryotes because the drug selectively targets a)plasma membrane structure. b)peptidoglycan formation. c)tRNA. d)ribosomal large subunit.

peptidoglycan formation.

All members of the four kingdoms of eukaryotes, except for _____ , are potential human pathogens or parasites. a)animals b)fungi c)plants d)protists

plants

Prokaryotes are all unicellular and lack a membrane-bound nucleus as well as other membrane-bound organelles. T/F

true

Prokaryotic cells that are comma-shaped are called a)coccobacilli. b)stella. c)vibrio. d)spiralli.

vibrio

What are comma shaped bacterial called? coccus rod bacillus vibrio

vibrio