Micro Chapter 14
Virions attach to target host cell by means of _____
Ligands
A _______ infection is one in which the microbe is actively reproducing by not causing symptoms
Subclinical
Nausea is an example of a ______ of disease
Symptom
T/f - a syndrome is a group of symptoms and signs that collectively characterize a particular disease
True
T/f - bacterial cells with capsule are resistant to killing by phagocytes
True
A reservoir is.. A) source of microbial contamination B) environment that is free of microbes C) any microoragnism that causes disease D) a condition in which organism remain in the body for a short time E) source of microbes for lab testing
A
A strain of Neisseria gonorrhea has a mutation which has caused it to lose the ability to produce fimbriae and become less virulent as a consequence. What function has this pathogen lost? A) ability to adhere to cells of the body B) ability to move from one location to another C) ability to produce an endotoxins D) the ability to establish a latent infection E) the ability to prevent phagocytes killing it
A
Aerosols may be involved in _____ transmission of pathogens A) droplet B) direct C) vector D) fecal- oral E) waterborne
A
Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as ______ infections A) iatrogenic B) exogenous C) opportunistic D) endogenous E) subacute
A
In early spring 2009, the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza in the US. By the summer, the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000. The pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the United States represents a _____ disease A) epidemic B) endemic C) sporadic D)pandemic E) opportunistic
A
Organisms that are resident microbiota are best describe as.. A) microorganism that remain with the person throughout life B) any microorganism that cause disease C) organisms that remain in the body for a short time D) microorganism that may cause a disease under certain circumstances E) microorganisms that never cause disease
A
Which of the following is an example of an exotoxin? A) neurotoxin B) coagulate C) lipid A D) streptokinase E) collagensase
A
Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector trasnmission? A) cockroach transmission of shigella B) mosquito transmission of plasmodium C) flea transmission of yersinia D) tsetse fly transmission of trypanosomiasis E) louse transmission of Rickettsia
A
Which of the following types of epidemiology applies Koch's postulates to study a disease? A) droplet B) direct C) vector D) fecal oral E) waterbourne
A
Mutualism is a relationship... A) that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other B) where only one member derives benefit from the other C) where one member of the relationship may kill the other D) where one member of the relationship benefits without hurting the other E) where it is difficult to prove the benefits or disadvantages one member of the relationship may provide for the other
A - that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other
Bacterial capsules are _______ virulence factors
Antiphagoycytic
Places in the body where there is no normal microbiota are refereed to as _____
Axenic
A pathogen is best described as... A) a microorganisms that remains with the person throughout life B) any microorganism that causes disease C) an organism that remains in the body for a short time D) a microorganism that may cause a disease under certain circumstances E) a source of microbial contamination
B
An axenic environment is one.. A) in which mircoorganism remain with the person throughout life B) that is free of microbes C) that is source of contamination D) in which microorganisms remain present only for a short time E) contaminated by microbial toxins
B
Commensalism is best describe as a(n).. A) unsuccessful micribial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes B) relationship between two organisms where only one members benefits and the other is unharmed C) relationship between two organisms where both members benefit D) relationship in which a microorganism causes diseases E) source of contamination
B
Fomites are.. A) insects that transmit pathogens from an infected host to a non infected host B) inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens C) fecal material from infected hosts D) animal source for human pathogens E) silent carries of infectious disease
B
The bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from he lungs by a cough and remain viable in the air for an hour or more. If a person inhales the bacteria from the air, which type of transmission has occurred? A) indirect contact B) airborne C) waterborne D) foodbourne E) bodily fluid
B
Which of the following virulence factors directly contributes to severe inflammation? A) coagulase B) lipid A C) hyluronidase D) kinase E) collagenase
B
The figure represents a Petri dish with a fungus ( F), shown in darker gray, growing in the midst of bacterial lawn (B), shown as light gray. The relationship between the fungus and the bacteria would be best describe as.. A) synergistic B) amensal C) commensalism D) parasitic E) none, there is no relationship between the microbes
B - ameansal
Chagas' disease is transmitted by a guy with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent? A) mucous membrane portal B) parenteral route C) skin portal D) contact E) fomite
B - parenteral route
I which of the following do the mucous membranes serves as a portal of entry for disease? A) a pathogen crosses from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta B) a person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears C) a person is bitten by a mosquito that carries the malaria parasite D) fungi digest the outer layer of skin e) a person receives an injection with a contaminated needle
B- rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears
Microbes known as transient microbiota are.. A) microorganism that remain with the person throughout life B) microorganisms that may cause a disease under certain circumstances C) organisms that remind in the body for a short time D) unsuccessful microbial invaders because of the presence of preexisting microbes E) sources of microbial contamination
C
The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 Cases. This means... A)12.43 of every 100,000 people in the US had TB in 2000 B) 12.43 of every 100,000 people died of TB in the year 2000 C) there were 12.43 new cases of TB for every 100,000 people in the year 2000 D) there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the US in 2000 E) 12.43 of every 100,000 cases of TB were treated in the US
C
Which of the following disease may be reduced by improved public sanitation measures? A) malaria B) HIV C) cholera D) chickenpox E) rabies
C
Which of the following is a sign of disease? A) headache B) dizziness C) fever D) nausea E) cramps
C
Which of the following situations might cause normal microbiota a to become opportunistic pathogens? A) growth of microbes on the surface of intact skin B) growth of microorganisms on the excreted cellular wastes and dead cells in the large intestine C) treatment of a cancer patient with radiation D) growth of lactobacillus on the surface of teeth E) presence of entamoeba in the lumen of the colon
C
Which of the following stages of an infectious disease is the most severe? A) incubation period B) prodromal period C) illness period D) decline period E) convalescence period
C
The close contact between newborns and family members allow them to become ________ with microbes that become established as their own microbiota. A) infected B) parasitized C) colonized D) contaminated E) infiltrated
C - colonized
Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity by rarely cause disease of the URS. This situation is an example of _____
Commensalism
Pathogens in droplets of body fluids are spread by _____ transmission
Contact
A healthcare-associated (nosocomial) disease is a Disease acquired by.. A) being bitten by an infected insect B) eating contaminated food C) using a contaminated needle D) in a health care facility E) having unprotected sexual intercourse
D
A new influence strain appears and is spreading rapidly. What measures might be taken by public health agencies to stop the spread? A) facilitate accesss to vaccines B) identify and treat people who are infected C) educate members of the public about ways to protect themselves D) education the public, promote vaccination, and treat those who are infected E) shut down public trasnport
D
A person is exposed to rotten wood with fungal growth and develops blastomycosis. No one taking care of him becomes ill. Blastomycosis is an example of a _______ disease. A) contagious B) subacute C) chronic D) noncommunicalbe E) latent
D
Among the virulence factors produced by staphylococcus aureus are hemolysis, Coagulase, hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. Which of these factors contribute the ability of S. Aureus to invade the body? A) coagulase B) entertoxin C) hemolysis D) hyaluronidase E) coagulase and hemolysin
D
Koch's postulates were used to demonstrate the relationship between A) HIV and aids B) mycobacterium and leprosy C) liver flukes and liver cancer D) haemophilus influenzae and Hib meningitis E) haemophilus influenzae and the flu
D
Over 470,000 Cases of cholera were reported in Haiti in the two years following the earthquake. Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission? A) mosquitoes B) aerosols C) contact D) contaminated water E) contaminated milk
D
The condition known as microbial antagonism may be define as.. A) microorganisms that remain with a person throughout life B) a relationship between two organisms where only members harms the other C) a relationship between two organisms were only one member benefits D) an unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes E) a relationship between two organisms where both members benefit
D
Treatment with high doses of antibiotics may lead to which type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)? A) subclinical disease B) exogenous infection C) latent infection D) superinfection E) zoonotic
D
Which is the following is transmitted by the parenteral route? A) ringworm B) warts C) gonorrhea D) yellow fever E) pertussis
D
Which of the following is the correct sequence of disease process A) convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline B) prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline C) incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline D) incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence E) illnesss, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline
D
Infectious disease can be classified on the basis of.. A) severity and duration of the side are B) means of transmission C) organ or organ systems affected by the disease D) type of microbe that cause the disease E) disease severity and duration, organ system affect or type of microbe
E
People who wash their hands frequently during the cold season typically have fewer colds than those who do not. This obersevation suggests that cold viruses can be transmitted by.. A) fomites B) mechanical vectors C) biological vectors. Transmission D) direct contract E) both direct contact and fomites
E
The condition called parasitism is characterized as a(n) .. A) relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits and the other is unharmed B) relationship between two organisms where both benefit C) nonsymbiotic relationship D) unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes E) relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other
E
Which of the following is considered part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system ? A) candida B) lactobacillus C) E. coli D) bacteriodes E) both Candida and lactobacillus
E
Which of the following states regarding the demonstration of the etiology of disease is false? A) the suspect agent must be present in all cases of disease B) the suspect agent must cause the disease under investigation when introduced into susceptible host organism C) the suspect agent must be isolated and cultured in the laboratory D) it must be possible to reiolsate the suspect agent from the infected host E) the suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in disease cases
E
Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis? A) bacteria in the human colon B) tapeworm in the human intestine C) tuberculosis in the human lung D) protozoan in termites E) microbe passing across the placenta to the fetus
E - microbe passing across the placenta to the fetus
The fungus Pneumocystis is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers, but in immunocomprised people it overgrows, resulting in severe respiratory problems. The fungus is best describe as.. A) parasite B) resident microbiota C) a mutualist symbiotic partner D) transient microbiota E) both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogen
E- both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogen
Lipid a is a(n) _____ that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock, and blood coagulation
Endotoxin
Toxins that affect the lining of the GI Tract are_______
Enterotoxins
In early 2014, west African countries began diagnosing and reporting cases of Ebola for the first time in their history. This is an example of ____ disease
Epidemic
The study of the cause of disease is known as _______
Etiology
T/F. - in commensalism, one member of the relaxationship harms the other
False
T/f - all diseases go through the stages known as incubation period, prodromal period, and illness
False
T/f - all infections result in disease
False
T/f - fomites cause disease by direct contact
False
T/f - koch's Postulation can be applied to every infectious disease to identify causative pathogen
False
T/f- influence is an example of chronic disease
False
A patient has an upper GI endoscopic procedure and later develops severe _____ blank infection with the gram negative pathogen known as CRE.
Iatrogenic
The _______ period is the time between infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs fo the disease
Incubation
The bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater. As a consequence, cholera epidemics primary involve ______ reservoirs
Non living
Persons with asymptomatic infections may be _____ of diseases
Reservoirs
T/f - biofilms provide an alternative means for bacteria to attach to surfaces within the body
True
T/f - normal microbiota may cause disease if condition change in the body
Tture
The degree to which a microbe is able to cause disease is known as its ______
Virulence