SOC Exam 3

What question might a doctor ask an elderly patient during a medical exam that would help them understand how social factors might impact that person's health?

"Do you feel safe going outside for a walk in your neighborhood?"

On average, women earn ________ for every dollar a man earns.

80-85 cents

What is one example of the power of physicians in the social sphere?

A doctor's note can excuse an ill child from school.

In Hinduism, the Supreme Being, which is beyond human comprehension in its original essence, is

Brahman

Which of the following answers includes all (and only) the religions that teach reincarnation as a tenet of the faith?

Buddhism and Hinduism

Which organization monitors the immediate healthy and safety of the U.S. population?

CDC

Despite its long history of religious persecution, this nation is home to almost half of the world's Buddhists.

China

Most of the decline in the divorce rate since 1980 has occurred within which group?

Couples with more education

______________ focuses on ending a disease in a person's life and supporting their recovery to their pre-disease state, while ________________ seeks to stop a disease from occurring in the first place and _______ provides pain relief and psychological and social support for a person suffering from a disease.

Curative medical care, preventative medical care, palliative medical care

In the Harry Potter series, Harry goes to live with his maternal aunt, Petunia, her husband, and their child (Harry's cousin). What term best describes this family type?

Extended family

Which of the following is an example of a medical risk?Having a parent who died of breast cancer

Having a parent who died of breast cancer

Today, women still face the stereotype that they are not dedicated employees. What is one root of this gender stereotype?

In the past, women were often required to quit their job if they married or became pregnant, which contributed to high turnover among women and gave the impression that women were unreliable.

Which nation was formed as a homeland for Jewish people worldwide?

Israel

Why was Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species so controversial when it was published in 1859?

It argued that humans were subject to evolution.

What is one way that sex status shapes life in the U.S.?

It determines whether you are eligible for the military draft.

What world event helped Christianity spread rapidly after a few centuries of being a minor and persecuted religion?

Its adoption as the official religion of the Roman Empire

Which of the following groups would meet Talcott Parsons' definition of "family of origin" for Jessica?

Jessica, her mother, her father, and her two older brothers

Some religious texts are shared by

Jews and Christians and Muslims

Liberation theology, which has a focus on human rights and criticizes global capitalism, developed within Christianity during the 1950s, especially in what region of the world?

Latin America

All of the following are evidence of patriarchy in the US EXCEPT

Men are overrepresented among the prison population.

In what part of the world did Judaism originate?

Middle East

Which of the following values is NOT one of the four basic values that Robert Merton discovered among scientists?

National interest, which says that scientific discoveries should first benefit the people of the nation the scientist is a member of

In the Harry Potter series, Hermione Granger is an only child, born to a mother and father who are dentists. What term best describes this family type?

Nuclear family

Which of the following statements about the place of physicians in U.S. society is NOT accurate?

Physicians have always been among the most respected professionals in American society.

According to research on religious violence, fundamentalists from what kind of nation are most likely to engage in violence to dramatize their cause, announce their presence, or strike at the symbols of the societies they are trying to dominate?

Poor nations with few social services

During which month are Muslims to fast—that is, not to eat or drink between sunrise and sunset?

Ramadan

Which of the following is not considered one of the major world religions?

Sikhism

During the Holocaust, Nazis required Jewish people to identify themselves by wearing a particular religious symbol on their clothing and marking their passports this way. What symbol was it?

Star of David

Most of the world's Muslims are

Sunni

Which world event led to the first international trial for crimes against humanity?

The Nazi genocide of Jews and the murders of millions of others in concentration camps during World War II

Which of the following is NOT a common reason why people reject the sick role?

They wish to remain ill or see their condition worsen.

Why might a physician choose to achieve cultural competence?

To serve patients with respect

In the Harry Potter series, Charlie Weasley, older brother of Ron, lives in Romania training dragons. The rest of his family remains in England, working and attending school. What term best describes this family type?

Transnational family

Which of the following statements about disease is accurate?

What is considered a disease varies from culture to culture.

What is one way that the idea of a male breadwinner contributes to the abuse of women in marriages?

When men are seen as being the people who earn money in support of a family, women may be denied jobs, which makes them dependent on men, which makes it harder to leave a marriage that is abusive.

Which of the following statements about gender and the workforce is accurate?

When men enter an occupational field that has traditionally been dominated by women, they tend to rise faster in that profession than do women in that field.

At what point in the illness experience do you become a patient?

When you seek healthcare

Which of the following statements about the place of complementary and alternative medicine in the U.S. health system is accurate?

While Americans spend significant amounts of money on complementary and alternative medicine, this is just a small percentage of the total amount of money spent on healthcare each year.

Which of the below statements about gender and poverty is accurate?

Women are more likely to be more poor than men.

All of the following statements about separate spheres of work for men and women are accurate EXCEPT

Women are naturally better able to handle the tasks of housekeeping than are men.

Which of the following statements about gender and politics is accurate?

Women vote at a significantly higher rate than men, but are underrepresented in public office.

Who out of the following is most likely to delay marriage?

Yolanda, a single female who is a Harvard professor, has a Ph.D. in chemistry, and makes $180,000 per year.

All of the following are rituals EXCEPT

a child rushing home from school to watch his favorite cartoon show every afternoon

In Western approaches to science, there is

a hierarchy of sciences, with physics and other natural sciences at the top and the social sciences at the bottom

Recent research shows that conflicts over parenting styles impacts all members of the family and is associated with

a higher probability of marital dissolution

A cosmology is

a model for understanding how the world is organized and how it works

Families encourage us to distinguish between our private family life and the public world that exists outside of our home, providing us with a set of rules that help us to think about how we are related to each other and how we should act in a given social situation. In this way, family is an example of

an institution

Most nations of the world

are majority Christian

While the medical model of disability sees certain bodies as defective, a sociological model

argues that social, economic, and environmental factors—like whether a society makes it possible for people who use wheelchairs to be mobile in the public sphere—are part of the creation of a disability

When parents or other community members select partners for their unmarried children, what results is

arranged marriage

At some point in U.S. history, each of the following were prohibited from being ordered through the mail EXCEPT

brides

Trends in cohabitation and marriage show that

cohabitation is less likely now, than in the past, to end in marriage

When you follow a gender script, you

comply with expectations about how people of your gender are to act, think, feel, think, and appear

The study of how genes interact with wider natural and social environments is called

epigenetics

If you are trying to gain insight into why you believe what you believe, you are studying your own

epistemology

A group of people related by biological, legal, or emotional ties is called a

family

Young children learn about ___________ by watching the different clothes their parents wear, who does the cooking, who does the cleaning, and the different expectations for sons and daughters in the family.

gender

The experience of intense, consistent incongruence between a person's gender and the sex assigned to them at birth is termed by some psychologists as

gender dysphoria

When family, school, media, the workplace, and other major institutions in society teach us how we should behave based on our gender, we experience

gender socialization

On the elementary school playground, Rebecca, a little girl, asks to play with a group of boys who are playing flag football. The leader of the boys tells her, "Flag football is for boys. Go play four squares with the girls." The little boy is relying on _____________ to decide who can play flag football.

gender stereotypes

The study of how genes function in the biological system is called

genetics

Three important trends in marriage today include: the rise of divorce, the decision by many to delay marriage, and the

growth of transnational families

Very few things are true about all human cultures, but one thing that is true across every society that we have studied is that every culture

has some moral expectations around sexuality

The form of power that enshrines an ideal standard of masculinity and justifies all the ways our society is organized to reinforce the leading role of men, so that gender distinction prioritizes men and masculinity and devalues women and femininity, is called

hegemonic masculinity

Strategies that dominant groups use to maintain their power and to make their views seem like "common sense" comprise

hegemonic power

Rates of infection of diseases that could be prevented with vaccinations are

higher in counties and school districts with lower vaccination rates

In the U.S., the average age of people is

increasing as people live longer

While there is no question that genetic inheritance shapes the demography of health,

it is also true that social context always matters

Research shows that women who marry ________ are more likely to be criticized and punished for their desire to keep their unmarried name.

less educated and less wealthy men

Children of divorced parents tend to have higher

likelihood of their own marriages ending in divorce

The social role based on the expectation that men should earn enough in wages to support a non-employed wife and their children is called the

male breadwinner

The goal of patients with chronic disease is typically

management, not cure

Kinship systems include the words to describe relatives, the attitudes about different kinds of relatives, and the rules about

marriage

Sharon and Tabitha are cohabitating partners who have been together for nine years. Sharon has a spinal cord disability due to a car accident 12 years ago. They have decided to continue cohabitating, instead of getting married, because Sharon receives Social Security Disability benefits and would see a decrease or loss of benefits once she and Tabitha marry. This is an example of bias in favor of

marriage

When something was previously considered an inconvenience, a normal variation of human biology, an individual quirk, or a social problem is redefined as a medical problem, it has undergone the process of

medicalization

The social response to illness that attempts to identify, prevent, and cure disease is termed

medicine

Patriarchy is a social system in which

men and traits associated with men are considered to be superior to women and traits associated with women

Compared to a sect, a denomination is typically

more established

Childhood poverty is strongly associated with families with

one parent

In a binary gender system,

only two genders are recognized

Which of the following is an example of a gender cue?

painting your fingernails

Married couples in the United States are afforded several key rights that are not available to other couples, including all of the following EXCEPT

paying only federal, not state or local, taxes as a married couple

What concern were protestors at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village addressing at their 1969 protest?

police harassment

Ancient Greeks worshipped a variety of gods, each associated with one or more domains of life, such as childbearing, agriculture, and warfare. This religion was

polytheistic

Research clearly shows that parental conflict is associated with

poorer academic achievement and increased likelihood of substance abuse for children

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic?

pubic hair

Efforts to keep the entire population healthy are termed

public health

While visiting your favorite restaurant, you notice a sign in the restroom that says, "Handwashing prevents the spread of disease." It then illustrates the steps of careful handwashing, including using soap and hot water, washing between fingers and under rings, and rinsing thoroughly and drying hands on a disposable paper towel. This sign is an example of

public health education

To be secular means to be

relatively uninfluenced by religion

In a post-secular society,

religious ideas and scientific ideas learn from each other

Katerina and Josef immigrated to the United States from Poland, settling in western Pennsylvania. Katerina opened a bakery out of their home and Josef worked in the coal mines. Every few months, Katerina would send money to her younger brother, Ernst, who still lived in Poland. As Katerina and Josef's children were born and became old enough to work, they entered the coal mines and worked in the local grocery store, continuing to send money back to Uncle Ernst until he had saved enough to immigrate to the United States, as well. The money that Katerina, Josef, and their children sent to Ernst is termed

remittances

People in ___________ nations live, on average, more than 30 years longer than people in ___________ nations.

rich, poor

DOMA was legislation that sought to prevent

same-sex couples from marrying

The gender revolution in the 1970s in the United States

saw an awareness raised around women's traditional roles as caregivers and contemporary roles as workers

Compulsory heterosexuality

sees sexual desire as between males and females as the only acceptable form of sexual desire and enforces this through medical, legal, religious, and other social institutions

What is assigned at birth?

sex

Sociology provides a good background for people wanting to become marriage and family therapists because of the emphasis on

social relationships and social institutions

Members of a family can share the daily tasks that are necessary for survival, including cooking, cleaning, and caring for infants. These are a few examples of how a family can provide

social support

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?

testicles

The difference between sex and gender is

that sex is our understanding of biological traits, whereas we recognize gender as a creation of culture

Today, the majority of the world's Christians live in places

that were colonized by European nations

Public health policy consists of the norms, rules, and laws that shape public health behavior.

the norms, rules, and laws that shape public health behavior

Suffragettes were women who fought for

the right to vote

Epidemiology studies

the social dimensions of disease patterns to discover how diseases spread

The term "second shift" describes

the unpaid housework and child care women perform in addition to their paid work

Recent research on birth order effects shows that

there is a modest relationship between birth order and social outcomes, such as educational attainment

When Clayton was born, the doctor pronounced him a girl and recorded the sex on his birth certificate as "female." Later, Clayton came to understand that he was a boy, and in adulthood, he took a new name—Clayton—to signal that to others. Clayton is likely to identify as

transgender

The increasing rate of boomerang kids can be attributed to many factors, including carrying increased student loan debt, the decision to marry later in life than in previous generations, and being

unemployed or under-employed

The WHO considers the likelihood of future epidemics and pandemics to be

very high

In general, people in nations marked by ___________ have shorter life expectancies.

violent conflict

In which region of the world is there greater tolerance toward homosexuality?

western europe

Most Christians, Muslims, and Hindus live in a place

where they are in the majority religion

Vertical occupational segregation is present when

within an occupational field, men hold higher, better-paid positions than women

Who is most likely to be a single parent in the United States today?

women

Research on the "second shift" of housework reveals that, in heterosexual couples,

women take on more of the second shift work

When they are doing the same job and performing identical work in that job,

women tend to earn less money than men

In every society, ____________, on average, live longer than ___________.

women, men