Micro lab Practical
Black color in >50% of test tube
+positive bile reaction
When you viewed the prepared slide of Staphylococcus in this lab exercise the appropriate objective lens to use would have been what lens
100x objective lens
in a serial dilution, the final dilution factor performed was 1:100000. after 48 hours incubation @ 37*C there were 190 colonies counted on the plate. What was the concentration of bacteria in the original undiluted sample
19000000 cfu/mL
How many different types of waster disposal containers and/or areas are students responsible for using in the microbiology lab, including the area next to the autoclave specifically designated for sterilization of glass culture tubes
5
In order to be classified as an insect, the organism should have how many legs
6
in this type of hemolysis a clear zone is left behind in the agar. this is the complete lysis of red blood cells on blood agar where all of the contents of the cell were consumed as a nutritional source
Beta hemolysis
The process of fermentation includes the production of any or all of these products during bacterial metabolism
CO2 acid alcohol
Which is the correct order of chemicals in the Gram's stain procedure
Crystal Violet, Iodine, Decolorizer, Safranin
What is correct concerning DNA fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting can be used for forensic investigation, DNA fingering can be used for paternity testing, DNA fingerprinting is the same as DNA gel electrophoresis
What is the overall electrical charge of DNA and why
DNA has an overall negative charge because of the many phosphate groups it contains
The process of joining, two molecules, or molecules together following the removal of water
Dehydration synthesis
What are the three stages of PCR
Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
PCR when used in conjunction with DNA gel electrophoresis can be used for which of the following
Detection of an outbreak, diagnosis of hereditary disease, diagnoses of ingectious disease, paternity testing
Carbon dioxide gas
Displayed in carbohydrate fermentation
What are the correct taxonomic classifications for Ctenocephalides
Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia
Trichomonas vaginalis belongs to what and what
Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista
What do bacteria from that may help them during unfavorable conditions such as heat, exposure to chemicals or radiation that allows them to remain metabolically inactive for many years and return to a vegetative form
Endospores
Locomotion by protists can be accomplished by which of the following means
Flagella, cilia, pseudopodium, axostyle
Bacteria is growing on the agar but there is no change in the appearance or color of the blood agar and no lysis of red blood cells
Gamma hemolysis
The new GHS system provides information on the labels of the chemicals that you will use in lab. What does GHS stand for
Global harmonized system
on the mixed culture Gram stained slide, containing bacteria and yeast cells, what was the Gram reaction and morphology of the bacterial cells and which cell was large
Gram positive cocci bacteria and the yeast cells were much larger
Chemical decomposition in which a compound is split into other compounds by reacting with water
Hydrolysis
What genus of tick is responsible for Lyme disease transmission in the US
Ixodes
you observe an organism under the light microscope in lab and have positively identified that it is multicellular and have determined that it belongs to the domain Eukarya. you also observe no visible chloroplasts and can clearly identify separate visible body regions. what kingdom does this organism belong too
Kingdom animalia
You observe an organism under the light microscope in lab and have positively identified that it is single celled. It has no internal membrane bound organelles. it clearly has several hairlike structures protruding from one end of an oblong cell shape. you instruction tells you theses are flagella. what kingdom does this organism belong too
Kingdom bacteria
According to general taxonomy, the kingdom animalia can be defined by which of the following
Lacking cell walls, Heterotrophs, organisms that have 8 legs, multicellular eukaryotic organisms, includes blue whales but not mushrooms
This disease is caused by a parasitic protozoan, which is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito vector and delivered into the bloodstream of a definitive host
Malaria
What is the acronym for using a fire extinguisher, and what do thy mean
P - pull the trigger A - aim at the base S - squeeze the lever S - sweeping motion
This laboratory focuses on the field of science known as what
Parasitology
According to the 3 molds studied in this lab exercise the mold which has septat hyphae, conidiospores as the asexual spore and ascospores as the sexual spore would be identified as what
Penicillium and Aspergillus
An organism which is unsegmented, found in all natural environments, covered by a thick cuticle which is molted as it grows, has a complete digestive system and is bilaterally symmetrical and reproduces sexually and conducts movement by whipping it body from side to side
Phylum Nematoda
SIM media is a multiple test media that displays several different possible reaction. What are the compounds or activities SIM is used to test for
Sulfur, Indole, Motility
MacConkey agar (MAC) is most commonly used for the selective isolation of a. what and differentiate them based on b. what resulting in a color change
a. Gram negative species b. lactose fermentation
Most infections by this Giardia are asymptomatic, however, if a large enough population in the small intestine is produced which of these can occur
abdominal pain, dehydration, chronic diarrhea
What type of staining needs to be down on sputum cultures to identify the presence of Mycobacterium
acid fast stain
lysis of red blood cells occurs but the iron in the RBC is not consumed as a food source. the appearance of a greenish color with bacterial growth on blood agar
alpha hemolysis
The building blocks from which proteins are constructed
amino acids
Metal inoculation loops and needles are sterilized before and after use in a desktop incinerator to prevent introduction of unwanted organism, Agar plates are held in a manner that minimizes the exposure of the surface to the environment. These are common practices that are observed while using proper what
aseptic technique
a fundamental technique important in the laboratory and used by Microbiologists for a variety of procedures such as, transferring cultures, inoculating media and isolation of pure cultures is known as what
aseptic technique
The type of inoculation technique used in this lab exercise, when transferring the environmental sample to the agar plate is know as what
bacterial lawn
This is due to the lysis of red blood cells, in blood agar, and the complete absorbance of the nutrients from the red blood cells, leaving behind a clear zone on the agar
beta hemolysis
A positive reaction for Citrate agar will appear as what
blue
Differential media is a type of specialty media which
contain specific dyes that cause a color change as different bacteria grow and produce waste products
What is known as the differential step in the Gram's stain procedure and why
decolorizer is the differential step because it is during this step that the gram negative bacteria will lose the purple color from the crystal violet stain
What are the correct answers concerning trichinosis
develop in intestinal epithelial cells, parasitic Nematode, any mammal consuming meat can contract this, occurs by consumption of undercooked meat
What is the stain which can help visualize the structure formed by bacteria during unfavorable conditions that contains DNA and a small amount of cytoplasm encased by a protective outer covering which can then germinate during favorable conditiond
endospore stain
Which of the following is the most lethal form of fungal disease
fungal pneumonia
These are projection on mold that function for nutrient uptake, adherence to substrate, and hold up reproductive structures
hyphae
clinically, most molds are identified by what
hyphae structure, asexual spore structure, appearance of the mycelium
A hemoflagellate, such as Trypanosoma, is an organism that would be most likely be found
in the bloodstream, but move outside of red blood cells by means of flagella
+Methyl Red tes
indicates acid production
Presence of hydrogen sulfide
indicates this bacteria is not a strict aerobe
Peptone broth is a media that has a high concentration of the amino acid tryptophan. some bacteria have the enzyme to break down the amino acid tryptophan and use it for energy. What is the waste compound called that is produced in this reaction
indole
You accidentally drop a plastic test tube containing a liquid bacterial culture on you work station table. you have correctly followed the spill procedure. where do you discard the tube and paper towels
infectious/biohazard, non-sharps
What is the clinical significance of using urea agar as a biochemical test
it can be used to determine a urinary tract infection caused by many enteric bacteria
What does the yellow color of a sugar test tube indicate
it indicates that fermentation of that particular sugar has occured
Why should we be concerned with studying macroscopic parasites in a microbiology class and why would this be important to a clinical microbiologist
macroscopic organism are sometimes vectors which deliver the causative agents of infections and it is important for clinical microbiologists to identify these pathways of agent transmission
Mold cultures grow
much slower than bacterial cultures
tof Patient samples, after specimen collection, that were transported promptly but inaccurately labeled will be tested anyway
nah
tof The polymerase chain reaction is used to "create" DNA
nah
In which type of specialty stain is the background stained and the bacteria left unstainede
negative stain
The mold Rhizopus consists of what
non-septate hyphae, sexual spores, asexual spores
Concerning the inoculation techniques discussed in this lab, one difference between the "spread plate method" and the "streak plate method of isolation" is what and one similarity is what
one difference between the two techniques is that the "spread plate method" is used to evenly distribute the bacteria across the entire plate and similarity is the end result should produce pure colonies in both methods
it is important to note that Gram-positivity (the ability to retain the purple crystal violet-iodine complex) is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon but a matter of degree. there are several factors that could result in a Gram-positive organism staining gram-negatively. what factors apply to this situation
over decolorization, the age of the culture, overheating during heat fixation
the loss of electrons in a chemical reaction
oxidation
What is the component of the bacterial cell wall that is actually being stained
peptidoglycan layer
What type of infection is often diagnosed with sticky tape pressed to the anus first thing in the morning on three separate occasions to collect eggs of the organims
pinworm
What is not an arrangement of flagella discussed in this lab
pleiotrichous
Aseptic technique is a fundamental and important laboratory skill in the field of microbiology. what are some examples
proper aseptic technique prevents contamination of cultures from foreign bacteria inherent in the environment. Aseptic technique prevents microbes used in the laboratory from accidentally being released into the environment and/or infecting people working in the laboratory. using proper aseptic technique can greatly minimize or even eliminate the risk of contamination
What could best be described as an easily disrupted chain of fungal cells partitioned by constrictions rather than septa
pseudohypyha
Ferric chloride
reagent for phenylalinine
the gain of electrons in a chemical reaction
reduction
A yeast cell is what
reproduces by budding, is much larger than a bacterial cell, is eukaryotic, single-celled organism
List 4 protocol that must be followed for the collection of a biological specimen in order to obtain a timely and valid laboratory result
samples must be collected using proper collection techniques, collected samples must be transported to the laboratory as soon as possible, it must be collected in the proper container, it must be collected in the presence of the patient and labeled with 2 identifiers (such as patient name and number)
an agar that contains a dye and/or indicator and a growth inhibitor as part of its ingredients can best be described as what
selective and differential
The porous electrophoresis gel allows the DNA to be what so it can be compared to known DNA base pair sizes and distance traveled
separated by size
A method used to dilute a substance in a stepwise manner into a solution with a constant dilution factor is known as what
serial dilution
A zygospore would be considered what
sexual spore
lactose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose, and trehalose are all different types of what and they are all used under the general heading of what testing
sugars, carbohydrate
If the denaturation process causes the DNA to separate due to extreme heating, how can DNA polymerase function to put it back together when, as a protein, it will also denature
taq polymerase is used which comes from a thermophilic bacteria know as Thermus aquaticus
what is correct concerning gel electrophoresis
the DNA sample is cut into fragments using restriction, DNA analysis by gel electrophoresis can be used for determining the source of an infectious outbreak, When electrical current is passed through the gel the DNA migrates from one end of the gel to the other, the rate of movement through the gel is based on the size of the fragements
After 48 hours of incubation at 37*C you observe a red color in the Methyl Red media after adding 6 drops of the proper reagent. what does this mean
the bacteria are positive for the production of an acid
If the bacteria appear purple in a properly performed Gram's stain procedure this means
the cell is gram positive
During the denaturation process of PCR, the DNA template separates due to what
the disruption of the hydrogen bonds in the DNA caused by heat
correctly define the term "definitive host"
the host in which the parasite spends its final development stage and reaches its mature form capable of reproduction
When talking about microscopy in this laboratory parcentric means what
the specimen should stay mostly in the center of the field of view when switching between objective lenses
Ina polymerase chain reaction there would be 4 strands after the first cycle and 8 strands after the second cycle. How many strands would be available after starting with the template strand and running 32 cycles
there would be over 4 billion strands
What does the term pleomorphic mean concerning bacteria
these bacteria have no consistent shape or size
When performing a serial dilution, a student forgot to change the pipette and used the same pipette for every .5 mL transfer of the solution from tube to tube. Would these results be accurate and what would you predict the outcome would be
these results would be inaccurate because the extra culture on the inside and outside of the pipette would increase the concentration of the next tube beyond the factored amount
After performing a serial dilution a student counted 9 colonies on the 1:100000 plate and 21 colonies on the 1:10000 plate. Was this an accurate serial dilution? why or why not
this was not an accurate serial dilution because the number of colonies counted on the 1:100000 plate was not within the target window and the difference in the count between the two plates was not close to a factor of 10
Indole
waste product generated in +peptone test
What is the correct procedure for washing you r hands
wet your hands, apply soap, rub hands together singing happy birthday twice, rinse well and dry, us the paper towel to turn off faucet
tof According to taxonomy of living organisms yeast and mold both belong to the Kingdom Fungi
yee
tof if you were veiwing a bacterial slide using immersion oil you are at 1000x total magnification
yee
tof the non-infectious, non-biohazard, non-sharps waste container is a grey metal container with a clear liner and is also know as a regular trash can
yee
tof when disposing of the environmental sample plates from this laboratory procedure they are to be considered a bio-hazard because they have been given nutrition, optimum temperature and time to grow. allowing for more growth than would be found in nature
yee
tof yeast can convert carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols in the respiratory process known as fermentation
yee
What color indicates a positive test reaction in the sugar tube
yellow
at what "total magnification" should you view your gram stained slide, as well as all bacterial slides
1000x (oil immersion)
in the serial dilution procedure of this laboratory exercise the dilution was increased with each transfer to the next tube by a factor of what
10
