Micro lab Practical

Black color in >50% of test tube

+positive bile reaction

When you viewed the prepared slide of Staphylococcus in this lab exercise the appropriate objective lens to use would have been what lens

100x objective lens

in a serial dilution, the final dilution factor performed was 1:100000. after 48 hours incubation @ 37*C there were 190 colonies counted on the plate. What was the concentration of bacteria in the original undiluted sample

19000000 cfu/mL

How many different types of waster disposal containers and/or areas are students responsible for using in the microbiology lab, including the area next to the autoclave specifically designated for sterilization of glass culture tubes

5

In order to be classified as an insect, the organism should have how many legs

6

in this type of hemolysis a clear zone is left behind in the agar. this is the complete lysis of red blood cells on blood agar where all of the contents of the cell were consumed as a nutritional source

Beta hemolysis

The process of fermentation includes the production of any or all of these products during bacterial metabolism

CO2 acid alcohol

Which is the correct order of chemicals in the Gram's stain procedure

Crystal Violet, Iodine, Decolorizer, Safranin

What is correct concerning DNA fingerprinting

DNA fingerprinting can be used for forensic investigation, DNA fingering can be used for paternity testing, DNA fingerprinting is the same as DNA gel electrophoresis

What is the overall electrical charge of DNA and why

DNA has an overall negative charge because of the many phosphate groups it contains

The process of joining, two molecules, or molecules together following the removal of water

Dehydration synthesis

What are the three stages of PCR

Denaturation, Annealing, Extension

PCR when used in conjunction with DNA gel electrophoresis can be used for which of the following

Detection of an outbreak, diagnosis of hereditary disease, diagnoses of ingectious disease, paternity testing

Carbon dioxide gas

Displayed in carbohydrate fermentation

What are the correct taxonomic classifications for Ctenocephalides

Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia

Trichomonas vaginalis belongs to what and what

Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista

What do bacteria from that may help them during unfavorable conditions such as heat, exposure to chemicals or radiation that allows them to remain metabolically inactive for many years and return to a vegetative form

Endospores

Locomotion by protists can be accomplished by which of the following means

Flagella, cilia, pseudopodium, axostyle

Bacteria is growing on the agar but there is no change in the appearance or color of the blood agar and no lysis of red blood cells

Gamma hemolysis

The new GHS system provides information on the labels of the chemicals that you will use in lab. What does GHS stand for

Global harmonized system

on the mixed culture Gram stained slide, containing bacteria and yeast cells, what was the Gram reaction and morphology of the bacterial cells and which cell was large

Gram positive cocci bacteria and the yeast cells were much larger

Chemical decomposition in which a compound is split into other compounds by reacting with water

Hydrolysis

What genus of tick is responsible for Lyme disease transmission in the US

Ixodes

you observe an organism under the light microscope in lab and have positively identified that it is multicellular and have determined that it belongs to the domain Eukarya. you also observe no visible chloroplasts and can clearly identify separate visible body regions. what kingdom does this organism belong too

Kingdom animalia

You observe an organism under the light microscope in lab and have positively identified that it is single celled. It has no internal membrane bound organelles. it clearly has several hairlike structures protruding from one end of an oblong cell shape. you instruction tells you theses are flagella. what kingdom does this organism belong too

Kingdom bacteria

According to general taxonomy, the kingdom animalia can be defined by which of the following

Lacking cell walls, Heterotrophs, organisms that have 8 legs, multicellular eukaryotic organisms, includes blue whales but not mushrooms

This disease is caused by a parasitic protozoan, which is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito vector and delivered into the bloodstream of a definitive host

Malaria

What is the acronym for using a fire extinguisher, and what do thy mean

P - pull the trigger A - aim at the base S - squeeze the lever S - sweeping motion

This laboratory focuses on the field of science known as what

Parasitology

According to the 3 molds studied in this lab exercise the mold which has septat hyphae, conidiospores as the asexual spore and ascospores as the sexual spore would be identified as what

Penicillium and Aspergillus

An organism which is unsegmented, found in all natural environments, covered by a thick cuticle which is molted as it grows, has a complete digestive system and is bilaterally symmetrical and reproduces sexually and conducts movement by whipping it body from side to side

Phylum Nematoda

SIM media is a multiple test media that displays several different possible reaction. What are the compounds or activities SIM is used to test for

Sulfur, Indole, Motility

MacConkey agar (MAC) is most commonly used for the selective isolation of a. what and differentiate them based on b. what resulting in a color change

a. Gram negative species b. lactose fermentation

Most infections by this Giardia are asymptomatic, however, if a large enough population in the small intestine is produced which of these can occur

abdominal pain, dehydration, chronic diarrhea

What type of staining needs to be down on sputum cultures to identify the presence of Mycobacterium

acid fast stain

lysis of red blood cells occurs but the iron in the RBC is not consumed as a food source. the appearance of a greenish color with bacterial growth on blood agar

alpha hemolysis

The building blocks from which proteins are constructed

amino acids

Metal inoculation loops and needles are sterilized before and after use in a desktop incinerator to prevent introduction of unwanted organism, Agar plates are held in a manner that minimizes the exposure of the surface to the environment. These are common practices that are observed while using proper what

aseptic technique

a fundamental technique important in the laboratory and used by Microbiologists for a variety of procedures such as, transferring cultures, inoculating media and isolation of pure cultures is known as what

aseptic technique

The type of inoculation technique used in this lab exercise, when transferring the environmental sample to the agar plate is know as what

bacterial lawn

This is due to the lysis of red blood cells, in blood agar, and the complete absorbance of the nutrients from the red blood cells, leaving behind a clear zone on the agar

beta hemolysis

A positive reaction for Citrate agar will appear as what

blue

Differential media is a type of specialty media which

contain specific dyes that cause a color change as different bacteria grow and produce waste products

What is known as the differential step in the Gram's stain procedure and why

decolorizer is the differential step because it is during this step that the gram negative bacteria will lose the purple color from the crystal violet stain

What are the correct answers concerning trichinosis

develop in intestinal epithelial cells, parasitic Nematode, any mammal consuming meat can contract this, occurs by consumption of undercooked meat

What is the stain which can help visualize the structure formed by bacteria during unfavorable conditions that contains DNA and a small amount of cytoplasm encased by a protective outer covering which can then germinate during favorable conditiond

endospore stain

Which of the following is the most lethal form of fungal disease

fungal pneumonia

These are projection on mold that function for nutrient uptake, adherence to substrate, and hold up reproductive structures

hyphae

clinically, most molds are identified by what

hyphae structure, asexual spore structure, appearance of the mycelium

A hemoflagellate, such as Trypanosoma, is an organism that would be most likely be found

in the bloodstream, but move outside of red blood cells by means of flagella

+Methyl Red tes

indicates acid production

Presence of hydrogen sulfide

indicates this bacteria is not a strict aerobe

Peptone broth is a media that has a high concentration of the amino acid tryptophan. some bacteria have the enzyme to break down the amino acid tryptophan and use it for energy. What is the waste compound called that is produced in this reaction

indole

You accidentally drop a plastic test tube containing a liquid bacterial culture on you work station table. you have correctly followed the spill procedure. where do you discard the tube and paper towels

infectious/biohazard, non-sharps

What is the clinical significance of using urea agar as a biochemical test

it can be used to determine a urinary tract infection caused by many enteric bacteria

What does the yellow color of a sugar test tube indicate

it indicates that fermentation of that particular sugar has occured

Why should we be concerned with studying macroscopic parasites in a microbiology class and why would this be important to a clinical microbiologist

macroscopic organism are sometimes vectors which deliver the causative agents of infections and it is important for clinical microbiologists to identify these pathways of agent transmission

Mold cultures grow

much slower than bacterial cultures

tof Patient samples, after specimen collection, that were transported promptly but inaccurately labeled will be tested anyway

nah

tof The polymerase chain reaction is used to "create" DNA

nah

In which type of specialty stain is the background stained and the bacteria left unstainede

negative stain

The mold Rhizopus consists of what

non-septate hyphae, sexual spores, asexual spores

Concerning the inoculation techniques discussed in this lab, one difference between the "spread plate method" and the "streak plate method of isolation" is what and one similarity is what

one difference between the two techniques is that the "spread plate method" is used to evenly distribute the bacteria across the entire plate and similarity is the end result should produce pure colonies in both methods

it is important to note that Gram-positivity (the ability to retain the purple crystal violet-iodine complex) is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon but a matter of degree. there are several factors that could result in a Gram-positive organism staining gram-negatively. what factors apply to this situation

over decolorization, the age of the culture, overheating during heat fixation

the loss of electrons in a chemical reaction

oxidation

What is the component of the bacterial cell wall that is actually being stained

peptidoglycan layer

What type of infection is often diagnosed with sticky tape pressed to the anus first thing in the morning on three separate occasions to collect eggs of the organims

pinworm

What is not an arrangement of flagella discussed in this lab

pleiotrichous

Aseptic technique is a fundamental and important laboratory skill in the field of microbiology. what are some examples

proper aseptic technique prevents contamination of cultures from foreign bacteria inherent in the environment. Aseptic technique prevents microbes used in the laboratory from accidentally being released into the environment and/or infecting people working in the laboratory. using proper aseptic technique can greatly minimize or even eliminate the risk of contamination

What could best be described as an easily disrupted chain of fungal cells partitioned by constrictions rather than septa

pseudohypyha

Ferric chloride

reagent for phenylalinine

the gain of electrons in a chemical reaction

reduction

A yeast cell is what

reproduces by budding, is much larger than a bacterial cell, is eukaryotic, single-celled organism

List 4 protocol that must be followed for the collection of a biological specimen in order to obtain a timely and valid laboratory result

samples must be collected using proper collection techniques, collected samples must be transported to the laboratory as soon as possible, it must be collected in the proper container, it must be collected in the presence of the patient and labeled with 2 identifiers (such as patient name and number)

an agar that contains a dye and/or indicator and a growth inhibitor as part of its ingredients can best be described as what

selective and differential

The porous electrophoresis gel allows the DNA to be what so it can be compared to known DNA base pair sizes and distance traveled

separated by size

A method used to dilute a substance in a stepwise manner into a solution with a constant dilution factor is known as what

serial dilution

A zygospore would be considered what

sexual spore

lactose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose, and trehalose are all different types of what and they are all used under the general heading of what testing

sugars, carbohydrate

If the denaturation process causes the DNA to separate due to extreme heating, how can DNA polymerase function to put it back together when, as a protein, it will also denature

taq polymerase is used which comes from a thermophilic bacteria know as Thermus aquaticus

what is correct concerning gel electrophoresis

the DNA sample is cut into fragments using restriction, DNA analysis by gel electrophoresis can be used for determining the source of an infectious outbreak, When electrical current is passed through the gel the DNA migrates from one end of the gel to the other, the rate of movement through the gel is based on the size of the fragements

After 48 hours of incubation at 37*C you observe a red color in the Methyl Red media after adding 6 drops of the proper reagent. what does this mean

the bacteria are positive for the production of an acid

If the bacteria appear purple in a properly performed Gram's stain procedure this means

the cell is gram positive

During the denaturation process of PCR, the DNA template separates due to what

the disruption of the hydrogen bonds in the DNA caused by heat

correctly define the term "definitive host"

the host in which the parasite spends its final development stage and reaches its mature form capable of reproduction

When talking about microscopy in this laboratory parcentric means what

the specimen should stay mostly in the center of the field of view when switching between objective lenses

Ina polymerase chain reaction there would be 4 strands after the first cycle and 8 strands after the second cycle. How many strands would be available after starting with the template strand and running 32 cycles

there would be over 4 billion strands

What does the term pleomorphic mean concerning bacteria

these bacteria have no consistent shape or size

When performing a serial dilution, a student forgot to change the pipette and used the same pipette for every .5 mL transfer of the solution from tube to tube. Would these results be accurate and what would you predict the outcome would be

these results would be inaccurate because the extra culture on the inside and outside of the pipette would increase the concentration of the next tube beyond the factored amount

After performing a serial dilution a student counted 9 colonies on the 1:100000 plate and 21 colonies on the 1:10000 plate. Was this an accurate serial dilution? why or why not

this was not an accurate serial dilution because the number of colonies counted on the 1:100000 plate was not within the target window and the difference in the count between the two plates was not close to a factor of 10

Indole

waste product generated in +peptone test

What is the correct procedure for washing you r hands

wet your hands, apply soap, rub hands together singing happy birthday twice, rinse well and dry, us the paper towel to turn off faucet

tof According to taxonomy of living organisms yeast and mold both belong to the Kingdom Fungi

yee

tof if you were veiwing a bacterial slide using immersion oil you are at 1000x total magnification

yee

tof the non-infectious, non-biohazard, non-sharps waste container is a grey metal container with a clear liner and is also know as a regular trash can

yee

tof when disposing of the environmental sample plates from this laboratory procedure they are to be considered a bio-hazard because they have been given nutrition, optimum temperature and time to grow. allowing for more growth than would be found in nature

yee

tof yeast can convert carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols in the respiratory process known as fermentation

yee

What color indicates a positive test reaction in the sugar tube

yellow

at what "total magnification" should you view your gram stained slide, as well as all bacterial slides

1000x (oil immersion)

in the serial dilution procedure of this laboratory exercise the dilution was increased with each transfer to the next tube by a factor of what

10