Micro - Lecture Test 1 (1-5)

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was A. Joseph Lister. B. Ignaz Semmelweis. C. Robert Koch. D. Louis Pasteur. E. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

A. Joseph Lister.

Which scientific name is written correctly? A. Staphylococcus aureus (italic) B. staphylococcus aureus (italic) C. Staphylococcus Aureus (italic) D. Staphylococcus aureus E. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

A. Staphylococcus aureus (italic)

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is A. amphitrichous. B. atrichous. C. lophotrichous. D. monotrichous. E. peritrichous.

A. amphitrichous.

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms. A. carbon B. nitrogen C. oxygen D. hydrogen E. phosphorous

A. carbon

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial A. cell walls. B. cell membranes. C. capsules. D. slime layers. E. inclusions.

A. cell walls.

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called A. classification. B. identification. C. nomenclature. D. experimentation. E. biotechnology.

A. classification.

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called A. decomposers. B. prokaryotes. C. pathogens. D. eukaryotes. E. fermenters.

A. decomposers.

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on A. determining evolutionary relatedness. B. bioremediation. C. recombinant DNA. D. nomenclature. E. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease.

A. determining evolutionary relatedness.

What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails? A. fatty acids B. glycerol C. phosphate D. alcohol E. All of the choices are correct.

A. fatty acids

The purine___ always binds with the pyrimidine__ in DNA and RNA. A. guanine, cytosine B. cytosine, guanine C. adenine, guanine D. thymine, guanine

A. guanine, cytosine

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism? A. mosquito B. protozoan C. bacterium D. virus E. fungus

A. mosquito

Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all A. nucleic acids. B. carbohydrates. C. polysaccharides. D. amino acids. E. enzymes.

A. nucleic acids.

Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound? A. phosphate-carbohydrates B. carboxyl-proteins C. amino-proteins D. phosphate-phospholipid E. carboxyl-fatty acids

A. phosphate-carbohydrates

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering? A. viruses B. bacteria C. parasites D. fungi E. yeasts

A. viruses

The first prokaryotes appeared about ___ billion years ago. A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 E. 1

B. 4

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was A. Francesco Redi. B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. C. Louis Pasteur. D. Joseph Lister. E. Robert Koch.

B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that A. microbes are found on dust particles. B. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease. C. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms. D. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom. E. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills.

B. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? A. uracil B. adenine C. thymine D. cytosine E. All of these are pyrimidines.

B. adenine

Organisms called parasites are A. always classified in the kingdom Monera. B. always harmful to their host. C. the decomposers in ecosystems. D. always a virus. E. free-living.

B. always harmful to their host.

The two functions of bacterial appendages are A. attachment and protection. B. attachment and motility. C. motility and slime production. D. energy reactions and synthesis. E. protection and motility.

B. attachment and motility.

Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of A. biotechnology. B. bioremediation. C. decomposition. D. immunology. E. epidemiology.

B. bioremediation.

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the A. endospore. B. cell wall. C. cell membrane. D. capsule. E. slime layer.

B. cell wall.

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except A. flagella. B. cilia. C. fimbriae. D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). E. sex pili.

B. cilia.

Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure? A. valine B. cysteine C. serine D. alanine E. tyrosine

B. cysteine

The cell _____ can be composed of three layers: the membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane. A. glycocalyx B. envelope C. pathogenic package D. slime coat E. None of the choices is correct.

B. envelope

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right): A. family, order, class B. family, genus, species C. genus, species, family D. class, phylum, order E. kingdom, domain, phylum

B. family, genus, species

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms the process is called A. bioremediation. B. genetic engineering. C. epidemiology. D. immunology. E. taxonomy.

B. genetic engineering.

All of the following are monosaccharides except A. glucose. B. glycogen. C. fructose. D. ribose. E. deoxyribose.

B. glycogen.

Polar molecules A. have an equal charge distribution. B. have an unequal charge distribution. C. are insoluble in water. D. always contain carbon. E. always involve oxygen.

B. have an unequal charge distribution.

During protein synthesis, ____ RNA is made to be a copy of a gene from the DNA. A. transfer B. messenger C. ribosomal D. All of the choices are correct.

B. messenger

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to A. move in response to light. B. move in response to a chemical. C. not move in response to a chemical. D. transport desired molecules into cell. E. None of the choices is correct.

B. move in response to a chemical.

During the Gram stain, gram-_____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied. A. positive B. negative C. both positive and negative D. neither positive nor negative

B. negative

The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called A. decomposers. B. prokaryotes. C. pathogens. D. eukaryotes. E. fermenters.

B. prokaryotes.

The alpha helix is a type of _____ protein structure. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary E. None of the choices is correct.

B. secondary

The smallest and most significant taxon is A. genus. B. species. C. kingdom. D. family. E. phylum.

B. species.

All of the following are lipids except A. cholesterol. B. starch. C. phospholipid. D. wax. E. triglyceride.

B. starch.

Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms? A. nomenclature B. taxonomy C. phylogeny D. Woesean classification E. None of the choices is correct.

B. taxonomy

The scientist/s that proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is/are A. Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur. B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. C. Carl Woese and George Fox. D. Robert Whittaker. E. Francesco Redi.

C. Carl Woese and George Fox.

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis? A. Joseph Lister B. Ignaz Semmelweis C. Robert Koch D. Louis Pasteur E. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C. Robert Koch

Which of the following is a scientific name? A. gram-positive streptococcus B. Staphylococcus C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. anthrax E. Streptobacilli

C. Streptococcus pyogenes

Sterile refers to A. pathogen free. B. absence of spores. C. absence of any life forms and viral particles. D. pasteurized. E. homogenized.

C. absence of any life forms and viral particles.

The prokaryotic flagellum has three parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment: A. filament, hook, basal body B. filament, basal body, hook C. basal body, hook, filament D. hook, basal body, filament E. basal body, filament, hook

C. basal body, hook, filament

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's A. ribosomes. B. inclusions. C. cell wall. D. cell membrane. E. flagella.

C. cell wall.

Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are A. chains of hydrophobic molecules. B. chains of electrolytic molecules. C. chains of repeating monomers. D. chains of repeating carbohydrates. E. chains of hydrogen bonds.

C. chains of repeating monomers.

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed A. phototaxis. B. taxis. C. chemotaxis. D. tumble. E. None of the choices is correct.

C. chemotaxis.

Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA? A. contains ribose B. contains adenine C. contains thymine D. contains uracil E. contains nucleotides

C. contains thymine

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining? A. alcohol/acetone-crystal violet-safranin-iodine B. crystal violet-alcohol/acetone-iodine-safranin C. crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin D. iodine-safranin-crystal violet-alcohol/acetone E. alcohol/acetone-safranin-crystal violet-iodine

C. crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin

Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual, structural, and functional changes over long periods of time? A. morphology B. phylogeny C. evolution D. genetics E. None of the choices is correct.

C. evolution

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called A. flagella. B. cilia. C. fimbriae. D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). E. sex pili.

C. fimbriae.

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed? A. species B. phylum C. kingdom D. genus E. family

C. kingdom

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is A. amphitrichous. B. atrichous. C. lophotrichous. D. monotrichous. E. peritrichous.

C. lophotrichous.

Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms? A. making bread B. treating water and sewage C. manufacturing copper wire D. mass producing antibiotics E. cleaning up oil spills

C. manufacturing copper wire

A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose? A. amino acids B. hydrogen and oxygen atoms C. nitrogen and phosphorus D. fatty acids E. carbon atoms

C. nitrogen and phosphorus

Disease-causing microorganisms are called A. decomposers. B. prokaryotes. C. pathogens. D. eukaryotes. E. fermenters.

C. pathogens.

What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids? A. glycosilic B. ester C. peptide D. disulfide E. phosphate

C. peptide

The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the A. prostaglandins. B. waxes. C. phospholipids. D. steroids. E. triglycerides.

C. phospholipids.

One nucleotide contains A. one phosphate. B. one pentose sugar. C. one nitrogen base. D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices is correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

Traditional approaches to taxonomy involved observation of visible morphological characteristics. Today, however, new molecular methods include the examination of A. DNA. B. rRNA. C. proteins. D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

Characteristics shared by all cells include A. a membrane serving as a cell boundary. B. the possession of genetic information. C. the presence of cellular fluid. D. All of these choices are correct.

D. All of these choices are correct.

Which activity is an example of biotechnology? A. bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors B. a microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria C. Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds D. Eschericia coli producing human insulin E. public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

D. Eschericia coli producing human insulin

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote? A. Its DNA is not encased in a membrane. B. It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycans or other distinct chemicals. C. It does not have membrane-bound organelles. D. Its DNA is wrapped around histones. E. All of these are characteristics of prokaryotes.

D. Its DNA is wrapped around histones.

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that A. cause human disease. B. lack a cell nucleus. C. are infectious particles. D. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. E. can only be found growing in laboratories.

D. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized? A. slime layer B. fimbriae C. cell membrane D. capsule E. All of the choices are correct.

D. capsule

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has A. fimbriae. B. a capsule. C. thylakoids. D. flagella. E. metachromatic granules.

D. flagella.

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed A. bacteria. B. viruses. C. parasites. D. microorganisms. E. None of the choices is correct.

D. microorganisms.

Helminths are A. bacteria. B. protozoa. C. molds. D. parasitic worms. E. infectious particles.

D. parasitic worms.

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called A. flagella. B. cilia. C. fimbriae. D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). E. sex pili.

D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called A. biotechnology. B. genetics. C. recombinant DNA. D. phylogeny. E. taxonomy.

D. phylogeny.

Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds? A. triglycerides B. monosaccharides C. polypeptides D. polysaccharides E. ATP

D. polysaccharides

A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. A. unsaturated B. polyunsaturated C. monounsaturated D. saturated E. None of the choices is correct.

D. saturated

ATP is best described as A. an enzyme. B. a double helix. C. an electron carrier. D. the energy molecule of cells. E. All of the choices are correct.

D. the energy molecule of cells.

When assigning a scientific name to an organism, A. the species name is capitalized. B. the species name is placed first. C. the species name can be abbreviated. D. both genus and species names are capitalized. E. Both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.

E. Both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.

An amino acid contains all of the following except A. an amino group. B. a carboxyl group. C. a variable R group. D. a carbon. E. a nitrogen base.

E. a nitrogen base.

The building blocks of an enzyme are A. nucleotides. B. glycerol and fatty acids. C. monosaccharides. D. phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids. E. amino acids.

E. amino acids.

The basal body of a flagellum is anchored into the A. hook. B. outer membrane. C. cell wall. D. peptidoglycan layer. E. cell membrane.

E. cell membrane.

Taxonomy does not involve A. nomenclature. B. classification. C. taxa. D. identification. E. common name.

E. common name.

Which is not true about enzymes? A. found in all cells B. are catalysts C. participate in the cell's chemical reactions D. can be denaturated by heat and other agents E. have high-energy bonds between phosphates

E. have high-energy bonds between phosphates

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms? A. cause human disease B. lack a nucleus C. cannot be seen without a microscope D. contain genetic material E. lack cell structure

E. lack cell structure

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is A. amphitrichous. B. atrichous. C. lophotrichous. D. monotrichous. E. peritrichous.

E. peritrichous.

All of the following are polysaccharides except A. glycogen in liver and muscle. B. agar used to make solid culture media. C. a cell's glycocalyx. D. cellulose in certain cell walls. E. prostaglandins in inflammation.

E. prostaglandins in inflammation.

The number one worldwide infectious diseases are A. AIDS related diseases. B. diarrheal diseases. C. malaria diseases. D. measles. E. respiratory diseases.

E. respiratory diseases.

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called A. flagella. B. cilia. C. fimbriae. D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). E. sex pili.

E. sex pili.

The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is A. prostaglandins. B. waxes. C. phospholipids. D. steroids. E. triglycerides.

E. triglycerides.

The important solvent associated with living things is A. carbon dioxide. B. sodium chloride. C. ethyl alcohol. D. benzene. E. water.

E. water.

A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria.

false

All microorganisms are parasites.

false

All proteins are enzymes.

false

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

false

Once an organism is assigned to a particular taxonomic hierarchy, it is permanent and cannot be revised.

false

The names of the three proposed Domains are: Bacteria, Protista, Eukarya.

false

Water molecules are nonpolar molecules.

false

Many chronic conditions are found to be associated with microbial agents.

true

Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom.

true

Microbes have been found existing in salty, acidic lakes.

true

One distinguishing characteristic of the archaebacteria is that they live in extreme environments.

true

The fossil record has established that prokaryotes existed on earth for approximately 2 billion years before eukaryotes appeared.

true

The most important outcome of polypeptide intra-chain bonding and folding is the unique shape of the protein.

true

The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group.

true

The term sterile means free of all life forms.

true

Viruses are not classified in any of Whittaker's 5 kingdoms.

true