Microbiology Assignment 21

A deep lesion that develops from multiple boils is called a: macule carbuncle pustule furuncle

carbuncle

The vitreous humor: has a variable and diverse microbial population has no normal microbiota has a microbiota similar to that of the conjunctiva has a rich bacterial microbiota, but no fungi

has no normal microbiota

Individuals who wear contact lenses are at particular risk of developing which of the following? herpes simplex virus 1 lesions keratitis blepharitis acute bacterial conjunctivitis

keratitis

Tinea corporis is also known as: conjunctivitis viral keratitis warts ringworm

ringworm

The relatively mild viral disease usually caused by human herpesvirus-6, or sometimes human herpesvirus-7, is better known as: fifth disease measles chicken pox roseola

roseola

Deerflies spread which of the following? staphylococcal bacteria the varicella-zoster virus Acanthamoeba the loa loa worm

the loa loa worm

To reduce transmission risk and symptoms, HSV-1 is often treated with which of the following? valacyclovir fluoroquinolones azithromycin itraconazole

valacyclovir

The skin is an effective barrier against many pathogens. All the following describe ways that pathogens penetrate the skin except for which one? Bacteria on the surface of the skin often gradually consume the epidermis and dermis, creating a pathway to deeper parts of the body. Helminths may burrow into the skin, creating their own paths to deeper tissues. Microbes may enter the body through skin that has been damaged, allowing them to reach deeper tissues. The loa loa worm enters the bloodstream through the bite of the deerflies that carry it.

Bacteria on the surface of the skin often gradually consume the epidermis and dermis, creating a pathway to deeper parts of the body.

Albendazole is a medication that affects the ability of organisms to use tubulin to synthesize microtubules. Although it has other uses, from this information, what can you tell about the type of infection it is used for? It is probably used to treat many varied infections because tubulin is present in all cells. It is probably used to treat bacterial infections because bacteria use tubulin within their cell walls. It is probably used to treat viral infections because viruses require tubulin to replicate. It is probably used to treat parasitic infections such as those caused by helminths because they are eukaryotes.

It is probably used to treat parasitic infections such as those caused by helminths because they are eukaryotes.

How does sebum affect microbial growth on the skin? It repels microbes and they cannot grow where it is present, making it an important part of the nonspecific immune response. It dries out the skin, reducing the ability of microbes to grow where it is present. It only aids microbial growth, providing a source of nutrition without generally having any harmful effects on microbes. It may aid growth by providing nutrients but also has components that inhibit microbial growth.

It may aid growth by providing nutrients but also has components that inhibit microbial growth.

What does it mean to say that HSV-1 is often latent? It is normally difficult to detect even when causing an active infection, unless appropriate screening tests are conducted. It undergoes cycles of rapid growth and slower growth, affecting the symptoms that can be observed. It is always present in infected individuals, but lesions may be small or hidden. It undergoes periods of inactivity when it resides in trigeminal nerve ganglia and does not cause symptoms.

It undergoes periods of inactivity when it resides in trigeminal nerve ganglia and does not cause symptoms.

Which of the following is true of the normal skin microbiota? It is always identical in all parts of the body. It varies depending on microenvironment and is an important part of the nonspecific immune system. It varies between moist and dry areas only, but is consistent in areas of similar moisture content. It does not change over time.

It varies depending on microenvironment and is an important part of the nonspecific immune system.

Blackheads differ from whiteheads because whiteheads are covered by skin, whereas blackheads are open to the air. What causes the dark coloration? The dead cells turn black as they die. Lipids within the sebum react with air, resulting in chemical oxidation and the formation of the black color. Sebum is always a dark color, but it is more concentrated in blackheads and is visible because there is no skin covering it. The sebum, dead cells, and lipids within the pore are naturally dark.

Lipids within the sebum react with air, resulting in chemical oxidation and the formation of the black color.

Biofilms are commonly considered bacterial structures. Are biofilms always bacterial? No, biofilms may occasionally consist of viruses instead of bacteria. Yes, each biofilm consists of a monoculture of one species of bacterium. Yes, each biofilm consists of one or more bacterial species with no other species. No, fungi (including medically important fungi) may also form biofilms.

No, fungi (including medically important fungi) may also form biofilms.

Which of the following is not true of biofilms? The biofilm matrix helps attach cells to a surface. Cells in biofilms are generally more resistant to antibiotic treatment. Biofilms often form in wounds and are associated with medical devices such as prosthetic joints and catheters. Nutrients are equally distributed throughout a biofilm, so all the cells are healthy and resistant.

Nutrients are equally distributed throughout a biofilm, so all the cells are healthy and resistant.

Which bacterial genus is commonly associated with acne? Salmonella Clostridium Candida Propionibacterium

Propionibacterium

Candidiasis is common and often mild. Of the patients below, which would most likely be an appropriate candidate for preventive or long-term treatment for candidiasis? a patient with a history of repeated cases of mild cutaneous candidiasis a patient undergoing treatment for cancer who has a history of candidiasis a patient with newly diagnosed cutaneous candidiasis who has not previously been diagnosed with this infection a patient who has been in remission from cancer for 2 years

a patient undergoing treatment for cancer who has a history of candidiasis

Which of the following describes impetigo? a mild and self-limiting viral infection that can be caused by a wide range of infectious agents a systemic fungal infection caused by Candida spp. and other species that is difficult to treat a highly contagious infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes that causes vesicles, pustules, and bullae a noncontagious rash (not caused by an infectious agent) that spreads rapidly across the skin

a highly contagious infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes that causes vesicles, pustules, and bullae