microbiology ch

Which describes the initial infection with genital herpes?

It is extremely variable.

Drugs used to treat genital herpes can be effective at doing which of the following?

Preventing recurrences Prevention of transmission Shortening the symptoms

Although penicillin is now the drug of choice, which of the following were historically used to treat syphilis?

Salvarsan treatment Mercury applications

Which of the following represent stages of syphilis infection in an adult?

Secondary Tertiary Primary

diseases are those in which the infectious agent causes an increase in fluid excreted from male and female reproductive tracts.

discharge

Chronic herpesvirus infection can lead to the spread of virus via nerves to the brain causing

encephalitis

Babies born to mothers with gonorrhea can experience infections of the

eyes respiratory

The organism Neisseria gonorrhoeae is also known as the

gonococcus

Untreated syphilis is marked by three distinct clinical stages designated in order as primary, secondary, and tertiary with

latent

disease is the inflammation of the upper reproductive tract structures.

pelvic inflammatory

stage of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a chancre at the site of pathogen entry.

primary

is a blood fluke infection that manifests in the liver, spleen or urinary system.

schistosomiasis

Syphilis is commonly transmitted through

sexual vertical

The acronym "UTI" means

urinary tract infection

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection that is spread by contact with the _____ of animals.

urine

The microbiota of the urethra in male shifts when which of the following occurs?

Sexual activity begins

Discharge diseases, ulcer diseases, and wart diseases are all examples of which of the following?

Sexually transmitted infections

The buildup of scar tissue from PID can block the fallopian tubes causing which of the following?

Sterility Ectopic pregnancies

True or false: The current drugs used for HSV infection are effective in reducing transmission and lessening the severity of a recurrence, but they are not curative.

T

True or false: The initial genital herpes infection is extremely variable in its presentation.

T

The term 'gonococcus' refers to which of the following?

The agent that causes gonorrhea

The microbial makeup of the vagina shifts during which event?

The menstrual cycle Pregnancy

Herpes-infected mucosal cells display notable characteristics in

pap

The primary lesion, chancre, seen in syphilis infections generally appears after an incubation period of what length?

9 days to 3 months

It appears that infection with HSV-1 may increase some individual's risk of developing which disease over time?

Alzheimer's disease

What type of antibodies are produced by the body in response to Treponema infection?

Antibodies to treponemal antigens

During the primary stage of syphilis, what is the main sign/symptom?

Appearance of chancre

Which of the following are not complications of vaginosis?

Autoimmune disease Increased acidity of vagina Increased fetal growth

Ten to forty percent of women in the U.S. are colonized asymptomatically by a group

B

Which genital ulcer disease is caused by Haemophilus, a pleomorphic gram-negative rod bacterium?

Chancroid

Which of the following are considered genital ulcer diseases?

Chancroid Genital herpes Syphilis

is an inflammation of the prostate gland.

Prostatitis

The urinary system has which of the following roles in the body?

Removes unwanted substances from the blood Helps regulate processes in the body Transports wastes out of the body

Which body system involves the vertical passage of genes from parent to offspring?

Reproductive

Prostatitis occurs in which group of people?

Men

The causative agent for syphilis is

Treponema

What type of organism is Treponema pallidum?

Bacterium

Which of the following are three categories of STIs?

Discharge diseases Wart diseases Ulcer diseases

Neonatal gonorrhea infections can affect which anatomical structures?

Eyes Respiratory tract

True or false: Similar to males, gonorrhea infection is limited to the most external structure of the reproductive tract in females.

F

True or false: Urinary tract infections are kept to a minimum because urine does not provide the important compounds for microbial growth.

F

Schistosomiasis is a urinary tract infection caused by which of the following?

Fluke

Which type of streptococcal colonization is an important consideration in late term pregnancy?

Group B strep

Which of the following STIs result in wart-like growths?

HPV infection Molluscum contagiosum

What aspect of urine makes it a good defense for the urinary tract?

Its flushing action

Syphilis is generally non-transmissible during which of the following stages?

Late latency Tertiary

Which tests can easily be used to detect syphilis infection?

PCR Dark-field microscopy Antibody tests

Which of the following are often used to diagnose genital herpes infections?

PCR tests Lesion appearance Antibody detection

Which of the following are possible complications of vaginosis?

Pelvic inflammatory disease Ectopic pregnancies Infertility Low birth weight babies

Which of the following are possible complications of gonorrhea in females?

Pelvic inflammatory disease Infertility Infection of fallopian tubes Disseminated disease

Which drug is currently used to treat syphilis infection?

Penicillin

Syphilis is transmissible in which of the following stages, when the spirochete is present in blood.

Primary Secondary

Which describes the normal microbiota of the kidney, ureters, bladder, and upper urethra?

They are not culturable by current methods.

Which describes the kidney, ureters, bladder, and upper urethra?

They contain microbes that are not culturable.

What are discharge diseases?

Those that cause an increase in excreted fluid from the reproductive tracts

Syphilis is most commonly transmitted by which two of the following?

Through sex To the fetus in utero

is a protozoan that can cause vaginitis.

Trichomonas

Genital herpes, syphilis and chancroid are what general type of genital disease?

Ulcer

Organisms like Lactobacillus and Streptococcus can be found in which of the following of most healthy men?

Urethra

HPV infection and molluscum contagiosum are both what type of diseases?

Wart diseases

Which type of infection is leptospirosis?

Zoonotic

The most common cause of vaginitis is the organism

candida albicans

is the primary sore of syphilis that forms at the site of penetration by Treponema pallidum.

chancre

is a localized genital ulcer disease caused by a pleomorphic bacterium.

chancroid

is highly variable throughout childbearing years, and can vary with the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy.

vagina