Microbiology Ch. 16: Disorder in Immunity

An example of a secondary acquired immunodeficiency is Select one: a. AIDS. b. adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. c. DiGeorge syndrome. d. agammaglobulinemia. e. SCID.

AIDS

Contact dermatitis involves Select one: a. a sensitizing and provocative dose. b. an allergen entering the skin. c. T lymphocytes secreting inflammatory cytokines. d. the production of itchy papules and blisters. e. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause Select one: a. recipient antibody activation of the complement cascade to attack the RBCs. b. fever and anemia. c. systemic shock and kidney failure. d. massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs. e. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh- will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies? Select one: a. Anti-B b. Anti-A c. Anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh d. Anti-A and anti-Rh e. Anti-B and anti-Rh

Anti-B and anti-Rh

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen? Select one: a. Degranulation b. Binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils c. Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils d. Histamine acting on smooth muscle e. Prostaglandins causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils.

Which type/s of hypersensitivities is IgG is involved with? Select one: a. Anaphylaxis b. Antibody-mediated c. Immune complex-mediated d. Both anaphylaxis and antibody-mediated. e. Both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated

Both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated..

Which of the following is not a target for immune complex deposition? Select one: a. Heart and lungs b. Brain c. Kidneys d. Joints e. Blood vessels and skin

Brain

Which of the following is not a possible outcome of a type I hypersensitivity reaction? Select one: a. Diarrhea b. Rashes c. Contact dermatitis d. Sneezing e. Rhinitis

Contact dermatitis

What may result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes? Select one: a. Formation of autoantibodies b. Host rejection of graft c. Hypogammaglobulinemia d. Graft versus host disease

Graft versus host disease

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Select one: a. Food allergy - type I hypersensitivity b. Poison ivy dermatitis - type IV hypersensitivity c. Transfusion reaction - type II hypersensitivity d. Hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity e. Serum sickness - type III hypersensitivity

Hay fever - type IV hypersensitivit

What can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B-cell survival and maturity? Select one: a. Graft versus host disease b. Formation of autoantibodies c. Hypogammaglobulinemia d. Host rejection of graft

Hypogammaglobulinemia

All of the following are involved in type II hypersensitivity except ______. Select one: a. IgM b. complement c. foreign cells d. IgE e. IgG

IgE

Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen? Select one: a. Injectant b. Contactant c. Inhalant d. Ingestant

Inhalant

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen? Select one: a. Injectant b. Ingestant c. Inhalant d. Contactant

Injectant

Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity? Select one: a. The Arthus reaction is a local response. Incorrect b. Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues. c. It involves an immune complex reaction. d. Serum sickness is a systemic response. e. It involves production of IgE antibodies.

It involves production of IgE antibodies.

Human blood types involve all of the following except Select one: a. MHC genes. b. inheritance of two of three possible alleles. c. ABO antigen markers. d. genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors. e. genetically determined glycoprotein markers.

MHC genes.

A person who produces anti-A and anti-B serum antibodies will have blood type ______. Select one: a. Rh b. A c. AB d. O e. B

O

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to Select one: a. autoantibodies. b. failure of B-cell development and maturity. c. congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland. d. delayed hypersensitivity. e. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

Once a mother has been sensitized to the Rh factor, Select one: a. all other Rh+ fetuses are at risk. b. she can be given RhoGAM in future pregnancies to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn. c. she can never again have a low-risk pregnancy. d. only future Rh- fetuses are at risk. e. None of the choices are correct.

all other Rh+ fetuses are at risk

A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is ______. Select one: a. eczema b. asthma c. atopic dermatitis d. anaphylaxis e. allergic rhinitis

allergic rhinitis

A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered ______. Select one: a. antibody-mediated b. atopic c. systemic anaphylactic d. delayed e. T-cell-mediated

atopic

Autoimmunity is typically due to Select one: a. autoantibodies and T cells. Correct b. a transfusion reaction. c. IgE and mast cells. d. graft rejection. e. a deficiency in T-cell development.

autoantibodies and T cells

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a(n)______. Select one: a. allograft b. xenograft c. isograft d. hypograft e. autograft

autograft

All of the following represent potential therapy for patients with SCID except Select one: a. stem cell grafts. b. graft versus host. c. transfusion with adensosine deaminase. d. gene therapy. e. bone marrow transplants.

graft versus host.

Any heightened immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a(n) ______. Select one: a. immunodeficiency b. desensitization c. autoimmune disease d. hypersensitivity e. transfusion reaction

hypersensitivity

Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a(n) _____ hypersensitivity. Select one: a. T-cell-mediated b. antibody-mediated c. immune complex-mediated d. immediate e. Both T-cell-mediated and antibody-mediated are correct.

immediate

The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is ______. Select one: a. humoralpathology b. hemopathology c. epidemiology d. immunopathology e. histopathology

immunopathology

Histamine causes all of the following except Select one: a. relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. b. pruritis and headache. c. increased sensitivity to pain. d. wheal and flare reaction in skin. e. constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine.

increased sensitivity to pain

Corticosteroids will Select one: a. inhibit the activity of lymphocytes. b. bind to histamine receptors on target organs. c. block synthesis of leukotrienes. d. reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles.

inhibit the activity of lymphocytes

A person with O type blood Select one: a. lacks A and B antigens. b. is called a universal recipient. c. lacks all of the alleles for ABO blood type. d. could not have the Rh factor.

lacks A and B antigens

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is ______. Select one: a. histamine b. leukotriene c. platelet-activating factor d. serotonin e. prostaglandin

leukotriene

All of the following are autoimmune diseases except Select one: a. type I diabetes. b. metastatic cancer. c. systemic lupus erythematosus. d. rheumatoid arthritis. e. Graves' disease.

metastatic cancer.

In multiple sclerosis, autoantibodies attack Select one: a. sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane. b. acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle. c. acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle. d. cells in thyroid follicles. e. myelin sheath cells of the nervous system.

myelin sheath cells of the nervous system

Epinephrine Select one: a. inhibits the activity of lymphocytes. b. reverses constriction of airways. c. is an antihistamine. d. causes desensitization.

reverses constriction of airways.

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the _____ dose. Select one: a. sensitizing b. provocative c. allergic d. hypersensitivity e. desensitizing

sensitizing

Serum sickness and the Arthus reaction are both type III hypersensitivities, but they differ in that Select one: a. serum sickness is a systemic reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction remains localized to the injection site. b. serum sickness is an infection in the blood serum, whereas the Arthus reaction is a swelling in the joints. c. serum sickness is vomiting and diarrhea in response to animal serum, whereas the Arthus reaction causes arthritis. d. serum sickness is a localized reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction is systemic.

serum sickness is a systemic reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction remains localized to the injection site..

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in Select one: a. hemolytic disease of the newborn. b. anaphylaxis. c. serum sickness. d. delayed hypersensitivity.

serum sickness.

A systemic, sometimes fatal, reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse is ______. Select one: a. atopic b. delayed c. systemic anaphylaxis d. antibody-mediated e. T-cell-mediated

systemic anaphylaxis

All of the following are associated with IgE and mast-cell-mediated allergy except ______. Select one: a. allergic asthma b. systemic lupus erythematosus c. drug allergies d. eczema e. anaphylaxis

systemic lupus erythematosus

An effective test to determine whether an individual is allergic to a specific substance is to Select one: a. test for the allergen in the blood. b. test for levels of IgE specific for the allergen. c. test for high levels of IgG in the serum. d. inject high levels of the allergen so see if the patient goes into anaphylactic shock.

test for levels of IgE specific for the allergen.

Allergies run in families because Select one: a. the variable region of antibodies is genetically determined. b. immunoglobulins pass from mother to fetus. c. immunoglobulins pass through breast milk. d. the relative production of IgE is inherited.

the relative production of IgE is inherited.

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except Select one: a. multiple sclerosis. b. tuberculin reaction. c. rheumatoid arthritis. d. myasthenia gravis. e. Graves' disease

tuberculin reaction.

The major category(ies) of hypersensitivity(ies) that typically involve(s) a B-cell immunoglobulin response include(s) Select one: a. type I only. b. type I and type IV. c. type IV only. d. type I, type II, and type III. e. type I, type II, type III, and type IV.

type I, type II, and type III