Microbiology Ch.3

Lipids, Cell wall, metabolic

Characteristics that define archaea, however, include the presence of unique membrane ______, ______ ______ construction and composition, and ______ pathways.

Chromosomes, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes

All bacteria possess these structural elements.

Eukarya

Although they share many bacterial characteristics, members of the Domain Archaea are more closely related to Domain ______ than to bacteria.

On a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth.

Biofilms are found:

False

Biofilms are often more sensitive to antibiotics. (True or False)

True

Biofilms typically do not develop on healthy tissue. (True or False)

Ribosomal

For example, both archaea and eukaryotes share unique ______ RNA sequences and their ribosomal subunit structures are similar as well.

Protein

In the final step of spore formation a _____ coat forms around the cortex.

Calcium, Water

In the next phase of spore formation, _____ enters the cortex and _____ leaves the cortex.

Bacililus- Cylindrical, rod-shaped cells Spirillum/Spirochete- Spiral or helical- shaped cells Coccus- Spherical shaped cells

Match the bacterial shapes with the appropriate description. Bacillus Spirillum and spirochete Coccus

All of these

Microenvironments are created within the biofilm based on: -All of these -Oxygen gradient -Nutrient concentration -pH gradient

Cromosomes, Ribosomes, Cell membrane

Select characteristics exhibited by all bacteria.

Cell wall, Endospore, Fimbriae, Flagellum, Glycocalyx, Plasmids, Other membranes

Some bacteria possess these structural elements.

Gram stain procedure

Step 1: Crystal Violet- Both cell walls affix the dye Step 2: Grams Iodine- Dye complex trapped in wall (No effect of iodine) Step 3: Alcohol- Crystals remain in cell walls (Outer membrane weakens, wall loses dye) Step 4: Safranin- Red dye masked by violet (Red dye stains the colorless cell)

Psychrophiles, Thermophiles

Such adaptations to their metabolic pathways allow archaea to live in extreme environments, such as areas of low temperature (______) or high temperatures (______).

By rotation that is powered by the proton motive force.

The bacterial flagellum moves: - By rotation that is powered by ATP. - By rotation that is powered by the proton motive force. - In a wavelike fashion that is powered by ATP. - In a wavelike fashion that is powered by the proton motive force. - In a wavelike fashion that is powered by enzymes.

Peptidoglycan

The cortex is formed from _____.

The membrane of the mother cell

The developing spore is surrounded by:

Motility

The primary function of flagella is for ______.

Exopolymer

The production of which substance leads to thickening of the biofilm over time?

False

True or False: Biofilms are composed of a single bacterial species.

True

True or False: Encapsulated bacterial cells generally have greater pathogenicity.

False

True or False: When the bacterial glycocalyx is easily removed, it is called a capsule.

False

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells assuring reproductive success. (True or False)

When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse

When is sporulation initiated by spore-forming bacteria?

Mother Cell

When spore formation begins, the vegetative cell is referred to as the ________.

They can lead to systemic infections

Which of the following is true of biofilms?

All of these

Which of the following is/are prone to biofilm accumulation? - Artificial heart valves - Catheters -Teeth - All of these

Fimbriae and Flagella

Which of the following structures leads to reversible binding of bacterial cells to a surface?

Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

Which of the following surfaces have nutrients available that encourage the development of biofilms?

Archaea

______ are novel prokaryotic organisms that belong to their own superkingdom (domain).