Microbiology CH.4/5

Choose all of the following that would be found making up the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall?

-NAG a (sugar) -NAM a (sugar) -protein/amino acid cross bridges and connections

Choose all of the following that are prokaryotic.

-bacteria -archaea

Choose all of the following that would be considered eukaryotic.

-eukarya -fungi -protozoans -algae -yeast -plants -animals

Choose all of the following that are unique to prokaryotic cells and not found in eukaryotic cells.

-pilli -nucleoid region

Choose all of the following that have cell walls.

-plants -bacteria -fungi

Which of the following structures regulates what comes in and goes out of the cell and is made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS.

-plasma membrane -cell membrane -cytoplasmic membrane -nuclear envelope

Which of the following cell structures exhibits selective permeability between a cell and its external environment?

-plasma membrane -cytoplasmic membrane

Choose all of the following that are non-membranous organelles found in the bacterial cell.

-ribosomes -cytoskeleton

Choose all of the following that the Smooth ER could be found producing and doing.

-steroids -lipids -drug detoxification

Which of the following is/are possible sites where protein synthesis can take place in a typical eukaryotic cell?

-the cytoplasm -the rough endoplasmic reticulum -in mitochondria

Choose all of the following that are true about or can be found describing a Gram + cell wall.

-thick peptidoglycan -thechoic acid/lipotechoic acid -mycolic acid -stains purple

Choose all of the following that are true about or can be found describing a Gram - cell wall.

-thin peptidoglycan -lipopolysaccharide -stains pink -lipid A -porin proteins

The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.8 M. To demonstrate plasmolysis, it would be necessary to suspend the cell in what solution?

1.0 M

The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about 2%, but red blood cells contain almost no sucrose or urea. Sucrose cannot pass through the membrane, but water and urea can. Osmosis would cause red blood cells to shrink the most when immersed in which of the following solutions?

a hypertonic sucrose solution

Which of the following cells could contain both a nucleus and chloroplast?

a protist cell and plant cell

_________ transport requires ATP and moves solute across the concentration gradient.

active

Which of the following is a correct difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?

active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not.

Ribosomes

are the site of protein synthesis within the cell.

which of the following portions of the flagellum anchor it into the cell well?

basal body

You wake up in the morning and feel a slimy mass of bacteria adhering to your teeth. You know that this slimy mass of bacteria is called a

biofilm

This type of glycocalyx is found on the surface of some bacterial cells and many times allows for the bacterium to go unnoticed by the host.

capsule

Which of the following structures found in plants would contain pigments, poisons, and organic molecules to use/dilute them.

central vacuole

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT in plant cells or prokaryotes?

centrioles

Photosynthesis occurs in plants in which organelle?

chloroplasts

Basal bodies would be found forming the base of ______________ and flegella?

cilia

What is the name of the structure that is used by bacteria to transfer DNA from one organism to another?

conjugative pili

Which of the following terms represents everything that could be found outside of the nuclear membrane and inside of the plasma membrane?

cytoplasm

Movement of organelles and vesicles within eukaryotic cells is accomplished by the ____________________. This is the same structure in bacterial cells that helps hold the cells shape.

cytoskeleton

The liquid portion of the cytoplasm is called the

cytosol

The ___________ of spirochetes are special flagella that form an axial filament that wraps around the cell and rotates it in a corkscrew fashion through the medium.

endoflagella

As a defense strategy, some bacteria produce an _______________ which allow for them to resist radiation, heat, and many chemicals until the environment becomes more favorable.

endospore

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization

Which of these statements describes some aspect of facilitated diffusion?

facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the membrane.

Which of the following is FALSE in regard to facilitated diffusion?

facilitated diffusion requires the hydrolysis of ATP.

A new organism is found. Its cells contain membrane bound organelles and a nucleus. This is definitely a prokaryotic organism as it is made up of prokaryotic cells.

false

All bacteria have cell walls.

false

Archaeans do not have cell walls.

false

Bacterial cell walls don't usually play a role in regulating osmosis and osmotic forces in bacteria.

false

Cilia are usually numerous on the surface of prokaryotic cells.

false

Polar objects are able to cross the membrane with ease due to the fact that the tails of the phospholipids are polar.

false

Prokaryotic organisms have some DNA found in a nucleoid region and some within their nuclear membrane.

false

Ribosomes consist of proteins and DNA.

false

These structures are found in both bacteria and archaea and allow them to adhere to eachother, surfaces, and produce biofilms.

fimbriae

Which of the following structures would be generally considered the shortest projection from a bacterial cell?

fimbriae

Bacterial flagella are composed of proteins called

flagellin

A bacterium is having trouble moving like it had been able to previously. What structure composed of a basal body, hook, and filament is likely to be malfunctioning?

flagellum

The plasma membrane is made of phospholipids and is embedded with proteins and cholesterols. These proteins and cholesterols have the ability to move laterally in this membrane and the membrane has the ability to be flexible. This is known as the "____________ mosaic" model of the plasma membrane.

fluid

Enzymes are normally made of proteins. A cell that secretes lots of enzymes would probably have large amounts of which of the following?

free ribosomes

Which of the following are found on the DNA, is stored in the nucleus of Eukaryotic organisms, and is used to make proteins with an mRNA intermediate.

genes

Many bacterial cells have a sticky substance on the outside of their cells called the

glycocalyx

Which of the following organelles is the shipping center and is also involved in the modification of proteins?

golgi

A protein that is found to be different in the cell membrane than the proteins being produced in the ER demonstrates that the protein was probably altered by which of the following?

golgi apparatus

Where (which organelle) would vesicles go once they have left the endoplasmic reticulum?

golgi apparatus

The fimbriae-like structures in archaeans that contain hooks are called

hami

In order for a plant cell to be plasmolyzed, the cell would have to be placed in an environment that has a/an ________________ concentration of solutes than the cell.

higher

When a cell is placed into an environment that has a lower amount of solute than what is within the cell it is said to be placed in a _______________ solution.

hypotonic

These structures house reserve deposits of chemicals such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) within bacterial cells.

inclusion bodies

In order to ensure that red blood cells stay healthy which of the following solutions should you put into an IV when introduced to the blood stream.

isotonic solution

Which of the following statements about diffusion is true?

it is a passive process of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment

Which of the following is likely the cause of vasodilation, inflamation, and blood clotting when an individual is infected with a Gram - organism?

lipid A on lipopolysaccharides

Which of the following Human organs would you likely find many smooth ER membranes?

liver

Which of the following eukaryotic cell structures is utilized by the cell to break down worn out cellular material?

lysosomes

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in which of the following?

manufacturing

In eukaryotes, the _______________ produces ATP, the energy molecules of the cell through a process known as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.

mitochondria

Which of the following structures is found in Eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells?

mitochondria

Which type of Eukaryotic cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria?

muscle cells in the legs of a cross country runner

Some bacteria require the use of an acid fast staining procedure to be stained due to the presence of the waxy lipids known as _____________ acid that are associated with the peptidoglycan.

mycolic

The region of the bacterial cell where the DNA is found is called the _______________ region.

nucleoid

Which of the following structures is critical for the production of rRNA and in turn the ribosomes that make proteins?

nucleolus

In which of the following cellular structures would you most likely find nucleotides in a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

________________ flagella are flagella that protrude in all directions from the bacterial cell.

peritrichous

The cytoplasmic membranes that make up the cell and also surround the membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes are made up of which of the following?

phospholipid bilayers with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Which of the following cellular structures are involved in regulating what comes into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

Which of the following would you likely find making the glycocalyx surrounding bacterial cells sticky.

polysaccharides

Choose all of the following that are functions of the extracellular matrix in eukaryotes.

protection and support

Which of the following would be found to make the membrane a MOSAIC and is made up of amino acids. (The main reason the word MOSAIC is in the FLUID MOSAIC Model)

protein

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? (Eukaryotes)

ribosmes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles in eukaryotes?

ribosomes

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

A cell with an extensive golgi apparatus would

secrete lots of protein

This type of glycocalyx is found on the surface of some bacterial cells and is water soluble.

slime layer

A bacterium's ability to respond to stimuli is known as

taxis (chemo or photo taxis)

A red blood cell is placed into a hypotonic solution which of the following would happen?

the cell would burst/lyse

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized in

the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the golgi apparatus

All living things (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) have the ability to grow, reproduce, respond to stimluli, have controlled chemical reactions, and are surrounded by a cytoplasmic membrane.

true

Archaeans have many similarities to bacteria but their DNA is more similar to eukaryotic organism DNA.

true

Bacterial cell walls can be targeted with antibiotics and contain peptidoglycan.

true

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and lack membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm.

true

Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels but does not require ATP.

true

I have reviewed the general structure of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the notes and can identify their parts and know their functions.

true

In eukaryotic cells the nucleolus is the site where ribosomal subunits are assembled. These subunits then pass through the nuclear pores of the nuclear membrane where those subunits can combine and begin to synthesize proteins in the cytoplasm of the cell.

true

Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism.

true

Mitochondria have inner and outer membranes.

true

Mitochondria possess their own DNA.

true

Prokaryotic chromosomes that comprise the main genetic material of the cell are circular while the main genetic material of the Eukaryotic cells are not.

true

Prokaryotic ribosomes are different than eukaryotic ribosomes and can be targeted during antibiotic treatments.

true

The membrane bound organelles and the nuclear envelope of eukaryotes all resemble the cytoplasmic plasma membranes.

true

When a bacterium with flagella rotates them in a consistent fashion the organism performs a run. When the organism changes the direction of the flagella, the organism performs a tumble.

true

A ________________ of polar flagellum means that the bacterium has a single flagellum that is extending from one end of the organism but the flagellum branches like a tree distal to the organism.

tuft

A single bacterial cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Salt is then added to the solution. Which of the following would occur as a result of the salt addition?

water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease.