Microbiology chapter 1

Microorganisms are useful In the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?

Micro organisms multiply quickly Micro organisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms Micro organisms have the same fundamental genetic properties

The cellulose that makes up the plant cell walls of grass can be digested by certain species of

Microbes

Which group includes some members that can convert N2 to form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids?

Microbes

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms

Compared to the diversity of plants and animals, my groups as a group are

More diverse

Eukaryotic organisms can be

Multi-celled Single-celled

archaea are found in ___ environments

Oceans, soils, Hot Springs, and extremely salty water such as the great Salt Lake and Dead Sea

Infectious diseases can re-emerge as a result of

Pathogen is becoming resistant to anti-microbial medications Parents refusing to vaccinate their children

Which of the following diseases killed 1/3 of the population of Europe in the 14th century?

Plague

What can be infected by a virus

Plants Animals Fungai Bacteria Protists

Which is a paralysis-inducing disease that has been nearly eliminated due to vaccinations

Polio

spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins information indicates that the infectious agent is a

Prion

Composed Solely of proteins

Prions

What is most resistant to sterilization techniques

Prions

Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents

Prions Viruses Viroids

Like plants, some microorganisms

Produce oxygen and are photosynthetic

Nucleoid region

Prokaryotic cell

Which of the following has a nucleotide region

Prokaryotic cell

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as

Protists

As important decomposers, fungi obtain nutrients by

Secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment

Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include their

Shapes Method of multiplication Energy sources used Prokaryotic

Louis Pasteur helped disprove

Spontaneous generation

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in nonliving or decomposing materials was known as which of the following

Spontaneous generation

If cattle, sheep, and deer had a microbe-free digestive tract, the would

Starve

To indicate slight differences, members of the same species may be given

Strain designations

The human body and it's microbial inhabitants can best be compared to

The earths environments and their interacting inhabitants

The disapproving of spontaneous generation lead to an era referred to as the

The golden age of microbiology

The genus name Escherichia Originates from

The name of the scientist

Consider the Human Microbiome Project begun in 2007. The term "microbiome" has which two overlapping meanings?

The total genetic content of a microbial community The microbial community itself

What is biotechnology?

The use of microorganisms to solve practical problems

Solid, repeatable,extensive amounts of scientific evidence can lead to which of the following?

Theory

How does fungi gain energy?

They digrade organic materials with enzymes

True or false: Some scientists could not reproduce the results of Pasteur's Swan-necked Flask experiment

True

True or false: Studies indicate early exposure to certain common microorganisms may actually protect humans from asthma and various allergies.

True

Human Microbiome Project

Used DNA sequencing to characterize microbial communities that inhabit the human body

Example of bioremediation

Using microbes to break down oil after a spill in the ocean

Cervical cancer card for the human papillomavirus (HPV) Can be prevented by a

Vaccine

Which of the following cannot reproduce independently

Viroids Prions

Which of the following is/are True regarding viruses ?

Viruses can only multiply within host cells Outside of the host cells, viruses are inactive

have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan and derive nutrition from organic or inorganic sources or conduct photosynthesis

bacteria

Prions are

infectious proteins

Helminths

parasitic worms

acellular infectious agents

viruses, viroids, virusoids, prions

Protozoa characteristics

-single celled eukaryotes -no cell walls -motile -aquatic environments -part of food chain -some are pathogens Microscopic

Which microorganisms lack a membrane bound nucleus

Archaea Bacteria

Domains Bacteria and Archaea

Are made up of prokaryotes

Bacteria, such as members of the genus staphylococcus, the long in the domain

Bacteria

Which type(s) of microorganisms have cells that do NOT contain membrane bound organelles?

Bacteria and Archaea

Members of which domains can be infected by viruses

Bacteria, Archaea, eukarya

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation

Beer Cheese Yogurt

————-Is the process by which microbes carry out the decomposition of harmful chemicals

Biodegradation

The use of microorganisms to solve practical problems is the definition of

Biotechnology

Viroid

Consist of RNA and it can infect plants

A scientific experiment includes a component that rules out alternative explanations of the results by showing that the only feature that varied in the experiment was the characteristic being tested. The component that does this is called a

Control

Outbreak of foot and mouth disease in England was controlled by

Destroying millions of pig, sheep, and cattle

Unlike newspapers or blog articles, Communcations about scientific discoveries in respected scientific journals include

Detailed info that led to the conclusions Info about the methods used in the experiment A pre-publication review process

Prions or misfolded proteins that cause

Do you normal version of the protein to also misfold

Which diseases are due to organisms jumping From a natural animal post to using humans as a host

Emerging

And infectious disease that has become more common in the last 35 years is referred to as an

Emerging infectious disease

John Tyndall's experiments showed that live microorganisms remained in some broths even after the had been boiled for 5 hours. This observation can be explained by the presence of a heat resistant form of bacteria called an

Endospore

Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include their

Energy sources used Method of multiplication Shapes Prokaryotic cell structure

produced metabolically by microorganisms

Ethanol as biofuel Antibiotics Cellulose used in stereo headset

Fungai, algae, Protozoa, and helminths are all

Eukarya

If you discover a single celled organism that is 50 µm wide and has a nucleus and organelles, it belongs to which domain

Eukarya

What has a defined nucleus and various organelles

Eukaryotic cell

All of the following are commonly found in algae

Flagella Chloroplasts A cell wall A nucleus

In research, a Model organism should

Function in a manner similar to other organisms

scientific name

Genus names are commonly abbreviated Scientific names are italicized and underlined

The principle that micro organisms cause certain diseases is called the

Germ theory of disease

The micro scopic filaments own molds are called

Hyphae

Which of the following infectious diseases killed more people in 19 18-19 19 died in world war one and two combined?

Influenza