Microbiology chapter 1
Microorganisms are useful In the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?
Micro organisms multiply quickly Micro organisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms Micro organisms have the same fundamental genetic properties
The cellulose that makes up the plant cell walls of grass can be digested by certain species of
Microbes
Which group includes some members that can convert N2 to form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids?
Microbes
Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?
Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms
Compared to the diversity of plants and animals, my groups as a group are
More diverse
Eukaryotic organisms can be
Multi-celled Single-celled
archaea are found in ___ environments
Oceans, soils, Hot Springs, and extremely salty water such as the great Salt Lake and Dead Sea
Infectious diseases can re-emerge as a result of
Pathogen is becoming resistant to anti-microbial medications Parents refusing to vaccinate their children
Which of the following diseases killed 1/3 of the population of Europe in the 14th century?
Plague
What can be infected by a virus
Plants Animals Fungai Bacteria Protists
Which is a paralysis-inducing disease that has been nearly eliminated due to vaccinations
Polio
spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins information indicates that the infectious agent is a
Prion
Composed Solely of proteins
Prions
What is most resistant to sterilization techniques
Prions
Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents
Prions Viruses Viroids
Like plants, some microorganisms
Produce oxygen and are photosynthetic
Nucleoid region
Prokaryotic cell
Which of the following has a nucleotide region
Prokaryotic cell
Algae and protozoa are also referred to as
Protists
As important decomposers, fungi obtain nutrients by
Secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment
Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include their
Shapes Method of multiplication Energy sources used Prokaryotic
Louis Pasteur helped disprove
Spontaneous generation
The concept of living things arising from vital forces in nonliving or decomposing materials was known as which of the following
Spontaneous generation
If cattle, sheep, and deer had a microbe-free digestive tract, the would
Starve
To indicate slight differences, members of the same species may be given
Strain designations
The human body and it's microbial inhabitants can best be compared to
The earths environments and their interacting inhabitants
The disapproving of spontaneous generation lead to an era referred to as the
The golden age of microbiology
The genus name Escherichia Originates from
The name of the scientist
Consider the Human Microbiome Project begun in 2007. The term "microbiome" has which two overlapping meanings?
The total genetic content of a microbial community The microbial community itself
What is biotechnology?
The use of microorganisms to solve practical problems
Solid, repeatable,extensive amounts of scientific evidence can lead to which of the following?
Theory
How does fungi gain energy?
They digrade organic materials with enzymes
True or false: Some scientists could not reproduce the results of Pasteur's Swan-necked Flask experiment
True
True or false: Studies indicate early exposure to certain common microorganisms may actually protect humans from asthma and various allergies.
True
Human Microbiome Project
Used DNA sequencing to characterize microbial communities that inhabit the human body
Example of bioremediation
Using microbes to break down oil after a spill in the ocean
Cervical cancer card for the human papillomavirus (HPV) Can be prevented by a
Vaccine
Which of the following cannot reproduce independently
Viroids Prions
Which of the following is/are True regarding viruses ?
Viruses can only multiply within host cells Outside of the host cells, viruses are inactive
have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan and derive nutrition from organic or inorganic sources or conduct photosynthesis
bacteria
Prions are
infectious proteins
Helminths
parasitic worms
acellular infectious agents
viruses, viroids, virusoids, prions
Protozoa characteristics
-single celled eukaryotes -no cell walls -motile -aquatic environments -part of food chain -some are pathogens Microscopic
Which microorganisms lack a membrane bound nucleus
Archaea Bacteria
Domains Bacteria and Archaea
Are made up of prokaryotes
Bacteria, such as members of the genus staphylococcus, the long in the domain
Bacteria
Which type(s) of microorganisms have cells that do NOT contain membrane bound organelles?
Bacteria and Archaea
Members of which domains can be infected by viruses
Bacteria, Archaea, eukarya
Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation
Beer Cheese Yogurt
————-Is the process by which microbes carry out the decomposition of harmful chemicals
Biodegradation
The use of microorganisms to solve practical problems is the definition of
Biotechnology
Viroid
Consist of RNA and it can infect plants
A scientific experiment includes a component that rules out alternative explanations of the results by showing that the only feature that varied in the experiment was the characteristic being tested. The component that does this is called a
Control
Outbreak of foot and mouth disease in England was controlled by
Destroying millions of pig, sheep, and cattle
Unlike newspapers or blog articles, Communcations about scientific discoveries in respected scientific journals include
Detailed info that led to the conclusions Info about the methods used in the experiment A pre-publication review process
Prions or misfolded proteins that cause
Do you normal version of the protein to also misfold
Which diseases are due to organisms jumping From a natural animal post to using humans as a host
Emerging
And infectious disease that has become more common in the last 35 years is referred to as an
Emerging infectious disease
John Tyndall's experiments showed that live microorganisms remained in some broths even after the had been boiled for 5 hours. This observation can be explained by the presence of a heat resistant form of bacteria called an
Endospore
Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include their
Energy sources used Method of multiplication Shapes Prokaryotic cell structure
produced metabolically by microorganisms
Ethanol as biofuel Antibiotics Cellulose used in stereo headset
Fungai, algae, Protozoa, and helminths are all
Eukarya
If you discover a single celled organism that is 50 µm wide and has a nucleus and organelles, it belongs to which domain
Eukarya
What has a defined nucleus and various organelles
Eukaryotic cell
All of the following are commonly found in algae
Flagella Chloroplasts A cell wall A nucleus
In research, a Model organism should
Function in a manner similar to other organisms
scientific name
Genus names are commonly abbreviated Scientific names are italicized and underlined
The principle that micro organisms cause certain diseases is called the
Germ theory of disease
The micro scopic filaments own molds are called
Hyphae
Which of the following infectious diseases killed more people in 19 18-19 19 died in world war one and two combined?
Influenza