Microbiology

phylum (or division) of fungi commonly known as "club fungi," which includes mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, and smuts

Basidiomycota

The wide-spread destruction of elm trees in the United States was caused by _________.

Ceratocystis ulmi

phylum of aquatic fungi commonly called chytrids, characterized by flagellated reproductive cells

Chytridiomycota

Select reasons why fungi are no longer classified as plants.

Fungi do not produce their own food. Fungi do not exhibit tissue differentiation. Fungi cell walls are composed of chitin.

phylum (or division) or fungi commonly known as mold

Zygomycota

Penicillium chrysogenum is considered important because it is the first ________ discovered.

antibiotic

The name of the fruiting body for all sac fungi is ________.

ascus

spore-bearing structure or fruiting body of fungi of the kingdom Ascomycota; sac-shaped

ascus

asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from a portion of the parent cell that has pinched off

budding

mushrooms' fruiting body; the umbrella-shaped top of a mushroom.

cap

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important to the food industry in what way?

causes bread to rise

main molecular component of the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeleton of some animals

chitin

common name basidiomycetes, characterized by club-shaped fruiting bodies

club fungi

The breaking down of complex molecules into simpler molecules which cells can use for food is called ___________.

fermentation

breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by a living organism

fermentation

spore-producing reproductive structures of fungi

fruiting bodies

spore-producing reproductive structures of a mushroom, typically found on the underside of the cap

gills

a plant that lives on decaying organic matter, examples of which include mushrooms, molds, mildew, bacteria, rusts, and smuts

saprophyte

stalk-like structure of mycelia which supports the sporangium of species of the phylum Zygomycota

sporangiaphore

This term refers to the structure in which spores are produced.

sporangium

a sac-like structure which holds the spores

sporangium

reproductive cells often covered with a protective coating

spores

stem-like structure of a mushroom which supports the cap and gills

stalk

Long hyphae that act as anchors to a surface are called ________.

stolon

mycelia of species of the phylum Zygomycota which act as anchors and connect the sproangiophores of a mold structure

stolon

mutually beneficial relationship between two species, for example, lichens

symbiosis

Most species of the kingdom Zygomycota are called .

terrestrial saprophytes

The process of budding can be defined as:

the production of new organisms by pinching off a portion of the parent cell

Fungi are grouped into club fungi or sac fungi according to:

the shape of their spore-producing structures

Which of the following best describes the structure of sporangiophore?

tiny stalk-like structures which support the sporangium

Morels are commonly found growing on damp forest floors.

true

Symbiosis is defined as a _______ relationship between two different species.

win-win

various unicellular fungi that are capable of reproducing by budding and from ascospores and are able to ferment their own carbohydrates

yeast

Select common organisms which are part of the phylum Ascomycota.

yeast morels

sexual reproductive structure formed where two hypha of mold contact each other

zygosporangium

reproductive cell containing genetic material from each parent organism, able to grow into a complete new mold structure

zygospore

the kingdom which contains multicellular eukaryotic organisms commonly known as animals

Animalia

the kingdom of prokaryotic unicellular organisms known for living in environments in which all other organisms are unable to survive in

Archaea

phylum (or division) of fungi commonly known as "sac fungi" which includes morels and yeasts

Ascomycota

Multiple select. Select the phyla of fungi you will be studying in this section.

Ascomycota Basidiomycota Chytridiomycota Zygomycota

the kingdom which contains multicellular eukaryotic organisms which are capable of producing their own food commonly known as plants

Plantae

the kingdom of eukaryotic organisms which do not fit into the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, or Fungi

Protista

a mass of hyphae which form a visible structure and perform a specific function in a fungus

mycelium

Fungi are classified as saprophytes when they exhibit which characteristic?

obtain food from non-living organic material

An organism which lives directly on or in another organism without providing any benefits to its host is called a:

parasite

an organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host.

parasite

antibiotic formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, which when discovered opened a whole new world of medicine

penicillin

level of taxon below kingdom, also called division in the plant and plant-like kingdoms

phylum

an organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus that is bound by a membrane

prokaryote

Without spores, fungi could not:

reproduce

mycelia responsible for obtaining food from the non-living organic matter on which a fungus is growing

rhizoids

structure found on some mushrooms around the stalk, which structure is left over from a protective covering that was present when the mushroom was first developing

ring

common name of species of the phylum Ascomycota, characterized by sac-shaped fruiting bodies

sac fungi

the kingdom of prokaryotic organisms which are commonly known as bacteria

Eubacteria

an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Eukaryote

(sing. fungus) a kingdom of organisms lacking flowers, leaves, or chlorophyll which derive nourishment from dead or living organic matter

Fungi

Select reasons why chytrids differ significantly from other fungi.

Most members are aquatic. The reproductive cells have flagellum.

How do rhizoids help fungi to obtain food?

They produce enzymes which break down organic molecules into a useable form

organism in or on which a parasite lives

host

(plural: hyphae) a thread-like filament of the molds

hypha

Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called __________.

hyphae

symbiotic structures between a fungi and an alga or a fungi and a cyanobacteria

lichens

multicellular species of the phlyum Ascomycota which are also known as sponge mushrooms, although they are not true mushrooms

morels

cell structure with more than one nucleus

multi-nucleated