Microbiology
phylum (or division) of fungi commonly known as "club fungi," which includes mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, and smuts
Basidiomycota
The wide-spread destruction of elm trees in the United States was caused by _________.
Ceratocystis ulmi
phylum of aquatic fungi commonly called chytrids, characterized by flagellated reproductive cells
Chytridiomycota
Select reasons why fungi are no longer classified as plants.
Fungi do not produce their own food. Fungi do not exhibit tissue differentiation. Fungi cell walls are composed of chitin.
phylum (or division) or fungi commonly known as mold
Zygomycota
Penicillium chrysogenum is considered important because it is the first ________ discovered.
antibiotic
The name of the fruiting body for all sac fungi is ________.
ascus
spore-bearing structure or fruiting body of fungi of the kingdom Ascomycota; sac-shaped
ascus
asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from a portion of the parent cell that has pinched off
budding
mushrooms' fruiting body; the umbrella-shaped top of a mushroom.
cap
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important to the food industry in what way?
causes bread to rise
main molecular component of the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeleton of some animals
chitin
common name basidiomycetes, characterized by club-shaped fruiting bodies
club fungi
The breaking down of complex molecules into simpler molecules which cells can use for food is called ___________.
fermentation
breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by a living organism
fermentation
spore-producing reproductive structures of fungi
fruiting bodies
spore-producing reproductive structures of a mushroom, typically found on the underside of the cap
gills
a plant that lives on decaying organic matter, examples of which include mushrooms, molds, mildew, bacteria, rusts, and smuts
saprophyte
stalk-like structure of mycelia which supports the sporangium of species of the phylum Zygomycota
sporangiaphore
This term refers to the structure in which spores are produced.
sporangium
a sac-like structure which holds the spores
sporangium
reproductive cells often covered with a protective coating
spores
stem-like structure of a mushroom which supports the cap and gills
stalk
Long hyphae that act as anchors to a surface are called ________.
stolon
mycelia of species of the phylum Zygomycota which act as anchors and connect the sproangiophores of a mold structure
stolon
mutually beneficial relationship between two species, for example, lichens
symbiosis
Most species of the kingdom Zygomycota are called .
terrestrial saprophytes
The process of budding can be defined as:
the production of new organisms by pinching off a portion of the parent cell
Fungi are grouped into club fungi or sac fungi according to:
the shape of their spore-producing structures
Which of the following best describes the structure of sporangiophore?
tiny stalk-like structures which support the sporangium
Morels are commonly found growing on damp forest floors.
true
Symbiosis is defined as a _______ relationship between two different species.
win-win
various unicellular fungi that are capable of reproducing by budding and from ascospores and are able to ferment their own carbohydrates
yeast
Select common organisms which are part of the phylum Ascomycota.
yeast morels
sexual reproductive structure formed where two hypha of mold contact each other
zygosporangium
reproductive cell containing genetic material from each parent organism, able to grow into a complete new mold structure
zygospore
the kingdom which contains multicellular eukaryotic organisms commonly known as animals
Animalia
the kingdom of prokaryotic unicellular organisms known for living in environments in which all other organisms are unable to survive in
Archaea
phylum (or division) of fungi commonly known as "sac fungi" which includes morels and yeasts
Ascomycota
Multiple select. Select the phyla of fungi you will be studying in this section.
Ascomycota Basidiomycota Chytridiomycota Zygomycota
the kingdom which contains multicellular eukaryotic organisms which are capable of producing their own food commonly known as plants
Plantae
the kingdom of eukaryotic organisms which do not fit into the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, or Fungi
Protista
a mass of hyphae which form a visible structure and perform a specific function in a fungus
mycelium
Fungi are classified as saprophytes when they exhibit which characteristic?
obtain food from non-living organic material
An organism which lives directly on or in another organism without providing any benefits to its host is called a:
parasite
an organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host.
parasite
antibiotic formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, which when discovered opened a whole new world of medicine
penicillin
level of taxon below kingdom, also called division in the plant and plant-like kingdoms
phylum
an organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus that is bound by a membrane
prokaryote
Without spores, fungi could not:
reproduce
mycelia responsible for obtaining food from the non-living organic matter on which a fungus is growing
rhizoids
structure found on some mushrooms around the stalk, which structure is left over from a protective covering that was present when the mushroom was first developing
ring
common name of species of the phylum Ascomycota, characterized by sac-shaped fruiting bodies
sac fungi
the kingdom of prokaryotic organisms which are commonly known as bacteria
Eubacteria
an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote
(sing. fungus) a kingdom of organisms lacking flowers, leaves, or chlorophyll which derive nourishment from dead or living organic matter
Fungi
Select reasons why chytrids differ significantly from other fungi.
Most members are aquatic. The reproductive cells have flagellum.
How do rhizoids help fungi to obtain food?
They produce enzymes which break down organic molecules into a useable form
organism in or on which a parasite lives
host
(plural: hyphae) a thread-like filament of the molds
hypha
Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called __________.
hyphae
symbiotic structures between a fungi and an alga or a fungi and a cyanobacteria
lichens
multicellular species of the phlyum Ascomycota which are also known as sponge mushrooms, although they are not true mushrooms
morels
cell structure with more than one nucleus
multi-nucleated