Microbology lrnr Exam #1

Why is bacterial identification so important?

-Correct identification determines if anabiotic's will be a source of treatment. -identification of microbes can determine the cause of an outbreak. -correct identification can aid in the containment of an outbreak. ANSWER (-all of the justifications are important)

Which of the following correctly describes the function of lipids?

-Lipids are a source of nutrients. -Lipids are structural components of membranes. -lipids function as energy storage. -(all of these correctly describe the function of lipids)

Travis is observing bacterial cells using the oil immersion lens. The total magnification would be______

1000x

Which of the following is the correct magnification of the eyepiece

10x

Savanna was observing an amoeba under the high-power magnification. Which of the following is the correct method for calculating the total magnification of the amoeba?

10x (x) 40x

What is the complementary strand of the DNA molecule 5'-GCCCTTAAATACGCA-3'?

3'-CGGGAATTTATGCGT-5'

A carbon atom can bind with up to____other atom(s)

4

All of the following correctly describes the structure of phospholipids except:

A cholesterol molecule is bound to the phosphate head of a phospholipid.

The nucleolus is:

A concentration of RNA and ribosomes

Which of the following functional groups is unique to proteins?

Amino

Which of the following would not be a phenotypic analysis used in bacterial identification?

Analysis of DNA sequences

______ Is responsible for our ability to use an "invisible world"

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following statements is true

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek use a simple microscope to view microorganisms

You observe bacteria under the microscope and they have a distant elongated rod shape. The shape is known as_______

Bacillus

What's of the following are prokaryotic organisms?

Bacteria

The key difference between brightfield and darkfield microscope is:

Brightfield microscopy illustrates the background while darkfield microscopy illustrates the specimen

Which of the following is NOT produced using microbes?

Butter

For patients with urinary incontinence, consistent urinary catheterization may be a necessity. A risk of frequent or long term catheterization is urinary track infections, especially with gram negative bacteria. The bacterial slime ______ allow the bacterial cells to adhere to the plastic catheters and get transferred to the patients mucous membranes.

Capsule

Which of the following does not correctly describe carbohydrates?

Carbohydrate function as biochemical catalysts.

The________ of a bacterium provide structural support and provides extra protection.

Cell wall

Celery is very fibrous and stringy. We can chew celery all day long and never digest the strings of the celery in our mouth. The carbohydrate found in celery is____

Cellulose

The exoskeleton of insects is made of a form of nitrogen containing carbohydrate known as____

Chitin

The plant cell organelle in which photosynthesis occurs is the________

Chloroplast

Along with the phospholipids, an important steroid component of the cell wall is______

Cholesterol

You deserve bacteria under the microscope and they have a distinct round shape. The shape is known as____

Coccus

If you want to observe the greatest detail of microorganisms you would use a:

Compound microscope

In which of the following examples would contaminated microbes occur?

Contamination occurs when a throughly boils flask of broth with either a straight neck or a broken curved neck is exposed to air.

Magnifications of an object is due to the use of______

Convex lenses

The fibrous proteins that provide structural support for cells and are critical cell motility, cell reproduction, and transportation of substances within the cell are generally called the ________

Cytoskeleton

The term "double helix" is used to describe the structure of

DNA

While analyzing a sequence of nucleic acid, you find a high concentration of uracil. All of the following could be the molecule you're analyzing except: (-DNA) -mRNA -rRNA -tRNA

DNA

What is shrimp is cooked, either by heat or the citric acid in the lemon juice of ceviche, it changes from grayish semi-translucent color to an opaque white. It also changes shape, curling inward. These changes are due to ______ which occurs when the protein is exposed to temperature and pH changes.

Denaturation

The phosphate and _______ sugar line up to form the backbone of the DNA molecule.

Deoxyribose

What property of light produces the effect shown in the given image as white light passes through the prism?

Dispersion

All the following are types of microscopy that can be used to view living specimens except:

Electron microscopes

While working on a recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico the oil company consulted a[n]____ to best determine the use of microbes in the cleanup of the oil spill using micro organisms.

Environmental microbiologist

Who among the following discovered the amount of A = T and the amount of C = G?

Erwin Chargaff

Them out of adenine equals the amount guanine in DNA molecule.

FALSE

The_____ of the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae enhances its pathogenicity by allowing it to adhere to the human cell surface.

Fimbriae

Prokaryotic sells may use a long tail like structures called _______ for locomotion in a fluid environment.

Flagella

From the underlisted, who would have not been able to view the microorganisms?

Fracastoro

The first indication that there were unseen "seeds of contagion" was postulated by:

Fracastoro

______ was well known for his contributions in the field of astronomy as well as developing microscopes in the life sciences

Galileo

Penicillin stops enzymes from synthesizing peptidoglycan, then ______ bacteria should be the most vulnerable to the effects of penicillin.

Gam-postive

The_____ receives proteins and lipids, then modifies, sorts, concentrates impacts them it's a sealed droplets called vesicles. It resembles a stack of pancakes.

Golgi apparatus

Waves with a high frequency:

Have more oscillations per unit time compared to waves with a low frequency

Which of the following would prevent cells from being washed away during the staining process.

Heat fixing the slide

Which of the following does not correctly describe helminths?

Helminths are unicellular worm parasites.

Which of the following pairs of scientists use compound microscope's to view specimens

Hooke and Galileo

Cholesterol is to animal plasma membrane as____ is to bacterial plasma membrane.

Hopanoids

Which is the following does not belong with the others in this list? -nitrogen base -phosphate (-hydrogen bond) -deoxyribose -phosphodiester bonds

Hydrogen bond

Non-polar molecules are_____, a word which translates into "water-fearing"

Hydrophobic

Edward Jenner work with the smallpox virus hoping to prevent the spread of the disease throughout cities of England. He observed that milkmaids who had concentrated Cowpok from the cows they milt, did not develop small box. He concluded that the milkmaids had developed_____ to small parts due to their previous infection of cowpox.

Immunity

_____ is only needed in small amounts to ensure that bacterial biochemical reactions work properly.

Iron

Molecules that share the same chemical formula but differ in the placement of their atoms and/ or chemical bonds are known as

Isomers

The process of pasteurization would be the most useful in:

Killing pathogenetic and food spoilage microorganisms.

Who is known as the father of microbiology

Leeuwenhoek

All of the following are true regarding light except:

Light waves move faster through water compared to air.

Vaccinations were pioneered by

Louis Pasteur

Which of the following methods uses gaseous ions emitted from the microbes to identify bacterial species?

Mass spectrometry

E. coli has the ability to utilize lactose as a nutrient source and can be identified from other bacteria based on this characteristic. This ability is determined by performing:

Metabolic testing

The telescope is to the stars as the ________ as to the invisible world of microorganisms

Microscope

Cilia and flagella are examples of structures built from ______ in eukaryotic cells.

Microtubules

Cells that are metabolically active such as muscle and nerve cells will have a higher number of ______ then cells such as those found un bone tissue

Mitochondria

The organelle in which most of the energy for the cells produced is the_____

Mitochondria

Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotes?

Mitochondria

Which of the following is false regarding microbes?

Most microorganisms can be observed without the use of a microscope

Which of the following scientist would NOT have supported the hypothesis that microbes exist in the air and by falling into a liquid they reproduce and form more microbes

Needham

A phosphate group, deoxyribose, and adenine constitute a monomer of DNA known as (a)_____.

Nucleotide

An RNA molecule is composed of ______strand(s)

ONE

Mohammed was trying to view bacteria using the 1000x object lens. The image was very clear on the 400x object, but when he moved to the 1000x object, the image was very fuzzy. Why is he having difficulty viewing the bacteria

Oil needs to be added to improve the resolution of the image.

Oxytocin is a protein hormone composed of nine amino acids. This makes oxytocin a:

Oligopeptide

The gallon of milk you bought at the grocery store has gone bad! The milk has spoiled and it's no longer drinkable. You only bought the milk yesterday and the expiration date is well into next week. It is likely that the milk you bought was improperly______

Pasteurized

Amino acids are joined together by _______ Bonds, created by a dehydration reaction.

Peptide

Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by having an external lipid layer with a thin layer of _______ followed by the plasma membrane.

Peptidoglycan

The molecule found in the bacterial cell wall is known as____

Peptidoglycan

The membrane-bond cellular organelle which produces hydrogen peroxide in the process of lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification is the _____

Peroxisome

Which of the following is an amphipathic lipid molecule?

Phospholipid

Complex lipids which form a major constituent of the plasma membrane of an animal cell is_____

Phospholipids

A_____is a diaphragm used to show evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Phylogenetic tree

What does the following characteristics would indicate the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Positive for fluorescence and negative for PHB granules

You wish to view a drop of pond water under the microscope. Which of the following preparations would you use if you want to observe the swimming protozoans?

Prepare a wet mount and place a coverslip over the specimen.

There are 26 letters in the alphabet that can combine in endless combinations to form words just as there are 20 amino acids that can combine to form peptide chains. This analogy best describes the______ structure of proteins.

Primary

Which of the following is NOT a function of protein?

Primary energy source

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is TRUE?

Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus

Amino acids are basic building blocks of ______ an organic compound class

Proteins

Each bacteria contains a unique sequence of amino acids. The technique that can be used to compare amino acid sequences and identify bacteria is:

Proteomic analysis

Mini marine food webs have____ at the base on which other organisms, including fish and mammals, either directly or indirectly depend for food

Protozoa

Adenine is to purine as thymine is to________

Pyrimidine

Imagine a protein as a straight rope. Now, imagine several ropes tied together in a wad. That could symbolize a_____ protein

Quaternary

Which of the following has the lowest frequency

RED

The phenomenon illustrated as the light passes through different mediums is known as:

Refraction

While star-gazing you look up into the sky and see a bright and shining star with your naked eyes [unaided]. Now, with the help of a telescope you look at the same star as before but now it appears as a cluster of many stars. What do you think is one star with the naked eye is actually a cluster of stars when viewed with the telescope. This is due to the greater _______ of the telescope compared to the naked eye

Resolution

Which of the following would be found in an RNA nucleotide?

Ribose, Phosphate, Uracil.

The organelle which is the assemble site for proteins and found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the______

Ribosome

The displayed image is magnified 5,000x. This image was produced using a:

Scanning electron microscope

The image depicts a slinky. I loved playing with these things when I was a kid! However, I look at them differently now. To me, it resembles the _____ level

Secondary

The level of protein organization that produces "pleated" shape is the ____ level of organization

Secondary

The lipid which includes a fused ring structure as a base is of the_____class

Steroid

You sweeten your morning coffee with____

Sucrose

The difference between simple microscopes and component microscopes is

Super microscopes use a single lens while compound microscope uses multiple lenses.

All of the following are correctly paired except: *A-U *C-G (*T-U) *A-T

T-U

You are a lab technician analyzing the two gas chromatograms from a PLFA analysis of two bacterial specimens. You conclude that the two bacterial specimens are from two different bacterial species.

TRUE

Which level of organization will be affected first when a protein is denatured?

Tertiary

RNA is a single stranded molecule, unlike a double stranded DNA, and replaces ______ with _____

Thymine, uracil

Which of the following processes synthesize mRNA from a DNA template? replication -mutation (-transcription) -translation

Transcription

Which of the following processes uses mRNA to synthesize proteins. (-Translation) -Transcription -Mutation -Replication

Translation

A transparent object will:

Transmit light

Olive oil, corn oil, canola oil, and cod liver oil are examples of ______ fats.

Unsaturated

Choose the nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine and RNA.

Uracil

Which of the following is true regarding the nitrogen base uracil?

Uracil is a pyrimidine

While analyzing a blood sample from a patient, you find double-stranded RNA. You conclude that the patient has a _______ infection due to this surprising find.

Viral

While studying emerging infectious disease in the Amazon, Andrew contracted dengue fever which is caused by an acellular infectious agent. Andrew would most likely receive the most information about dengue fever from the department of______ at the local hospital.

Virology

Who among the following scientist were credited with discovering the three dimensional structures of DNA?

Watson, Wilkins, and Crick

The polysaccharides found in plant cell wall is____

cellulose

A micro tubular structure which will only be found in cells which divide and reproduce is the _____

centriole

One of the important roles of proteins in the body is to function as a/an______, where it acts as a catalyst to greatly speed up biochemical reactions.

enzyme

Microscopes which magnify up to 400 times, and up to 1000 times when oil immersion lens are used, are called_____ microscopes

light

What type of RNA which "transcribes" the DNA is _______(use the abbreviation)

mRNA

Prokaryotic DNA is found in the central part of the cell known as the_______

nucleoid

The functional group "NH2" well identify an organic compound as a__________

protein

The plant pigment chlorophyll captures the light energy in the red and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and uses the captured energy to fuel photo synthesis reactions. Plants are green because chlorophyll does not capture the green wavelengths of light. chlorophyll instead _______ green light

reflects

The most important aspect of a protein molecule to its function is its

shape

The____ gives each amino acid its unique properties

side chain

An amino acid is bonded to and transported by ________, a type of RNA

tRNA

The molecule that actually "translates" the language of mRNA into the language of protein is:

tRNA

The four major classes of biological macromolecules does not include:

water