midterm 11

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. poor self-regulation an internal locus of control good self-regulation an external locus on control

an internal locus of control

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. actions that are not internally motivated reactions that are externally motivated specific actions that result in reactions anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Five Factor Model

Five Factor Model

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart? Identical twins have very similar personality when raised together, but not when raised apart. Twins of any kind have very similar personalities, regardless of where they are raised. Fraternal twins have very similar personalities whether raised together or apart. Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

Who proposed the locus of control concept? Walter Mischel Carl Jung Julian Rotter Albert Bandura

Julian Rotter

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max? Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview. Max has an Oedipus complex. Max is an archetype. Max is an introvert.

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB) Rorschach Inkblot Test Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism? How we cope with anxiety reflects our personality. Our defense mechanisms are formed in childhood. Emotions are cognitive processes with behavioral antecedents. Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning? The environment determines which personal factors a person chooses to observe. Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate. Cognitive processes depend on imitation. An individual's behavior is determined by the environment.

Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality? Personality is formed solely in childhood. Personality theory should be based on social health. Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism. Personality is significantly shaped by the biology of the organism.

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality? They are multicultural. They use animal research. They can be scientifically tested. They are feminist.

They can be scientifically tested.

Which question was central to the marshmallow test? Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later? Do you think you could accomplish great things even when the fates are against you? Is your life more like a marshmallow or more like a rock? Would you make the same decisions your parent would make?

Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?

The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next. ideal self gestalt collective unconscious id

collective unconscious

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar. incongruence self-concept egotism congruence

congruence

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? rationalization rejection denial displacement

denial

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________. extroversion/stability; introversion/neuroticism phlegmatic/choleric; sanguine/melancholic phlegmatic/melancholic; choleric/sanguine extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family? intimacy vs. isolation trust vs. mistrust initiative vs. guilt generativity vs. stagnation

generativity vs. stagnation

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics. trait temperament personality heritability

heritablility

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. high self-efficacy moderate reciprocal determinism healthy cognitive processes low self-efficacy

high self-efficacy

The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings. feminist indigenous culture TEMAS

indigenous

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt. ideal self persona superego id

persona

Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory? reciprocal determinism observation learning self-efficacy reaction formation

reaction formation

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? regression repression sublimation reaction formation

regression

The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs. elective immigration discrimination emigration personality location selective migration

selective migration

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________. good parenting self-efficacy love self-actualization

self-actualization