Midterm 2 - Psychology 105 - Attachment Theory and Erikson's Psychosocial Development

strange situation procedure

1) infant and mother enter a room, a stranger is present 2) stranger engages infant in presence of mother, then leaves the mother leaves shortly after 3) stranger returns, and after a brief time period, the mother returns

psychosocial development stage - early childhood - mastery at this stage

a determination to exercise free choice

strange situation

a procedure used to assess the attachment pattern of the infant to the mother (emotional connection)

psychosocial crisis (or conflict)

a turning point in a developmental period when some interpersonal issue is dealt with and growth potential and vulnerability are both high won't master a stage completely being successful in one stage, gives higher chance of being successful in the next one need both positive and negative sides of the conflict

preoccupied type

adult version of ambivalent enjoys closeness as well, but is often jealous, neurotic, and vigilant for signs of the partner leaving the relationship

separation anxiety

an experience of rejection or loss during exploration

adult attachment working models

attachment style during infancy influences relationships in adulthood mostly about the romantic relationships

psychosocial development stage - early childhood - crisis

autonomy vs shame and doubt early exposure to impulse control - potty training (don't want to baby or ridicule them)

fearful type

avoids relationships, feel like they will never get approval or love depressed and anxious regarding relationships (terrified about rejection) pg 6

psychosocial development stage - infancy - crisis

basic trust vs mistrust

separation anxiety analogy

car alarm bench press

psychosocial development stage - adulthood - mastery at this stage

care; a widening concern for whatever you have generated in your life (ex. children)

psychosocial development stage - school age - mastery at this stage

competence; the sense that one can do things that are valued by others meeting specific contingencies

adult attachment patterns - research suggests - secure adults

described their romantic relationships as more trusting and friendly

secure attachment

distressed when mother leaves, but comforted upon her return

ambivalent attachment

distressed when mother left, but not comforted upon her return, instead resentful or angry

secure type

enjoys closeness, trusts, and is comfortable relying on another individual, and having that person rely on them

other reflections in adult attachment patterns - workplace - preoccupied

feel their job security is more tenuous and feel like they receive less recognition

measuring attachment - early days

force choice measure pick the one that typically represents you in your romantic relationships

psychosocial development stage - adulthood - crisis

generativity vs stagnation symbolic immortality - artwork, children not always tangible - any social impact how will I be remembered? interpersonal death anxiety

optimal formation of response to strange situation

give them ability to deal with stuff on their own but meet their needs

primary measures of the strange situation

how does the infant react to being left alone how does the child react to the primary caregiver returning

how are attachment styles formed

how the primary caregiver reacts to them when they are in distress (separation anxiety) influenced by genetics but more about the treatment

psychosocial development stage - adolescence - mastery at this stage

identity formation, but with fidelity (trueness)

psychosocial development stage - adolescence - crisis

identity vs role confusion cognitively more advanced, reflective questions, existential how you dress, political views, sexual orientation public and private self - should be the same need role confusion - from internal, not just from outside

psychosocial development stage - school age - crisis

industry vs inferiority want some negative still - motivation, humility women value men who are diligent

psychosocial development stages

infancy early childhood preschool school age adolescence young adulthood adulthood old age

psychosocial development stage - preschool - crisis

initiative vs guilt takes initiative even to the chagrin of parents, trying to exercise power some guilt needs to come online to exercise self-control

psychosocial development stage - old age - crisis

integrity (sense of completeness) vs despair what you wish you did and what you didn't get to do sea of regret, existential guilt opportunities not taken, feel like we haven't lived

psychosocial development stage - young adulthood - crisis

intimacy vs isolation close to others, disclosure of info

adult attachment patterns - research suggests - dismissing adults

less likely to accept their partners imperfections

psychosocial development stage - young adulthood - mastery at this stage

love; a mutual love for one's own identity and that of others

dismissing type

mirrors avoidant type does not enjoy closeness, nor trusts others when leaving a relationship, it does not bother them much

stability and specificity of attachment patterns - divorce

more likely to change from a secure relationship to an insecure one if their parents' get divorced not going to trust as easily, more ambivalent

adult attachment patterns - research suggests - preoccupied adults

more likely to report extreme emotional highs and lows more likely to say that their relationship was love at first sight

attachment processes - research suggests - preoccupied style

more likely to ruminate about a transgression more likely to use something as a fight (more likely to drive people away) associated with intensification of the negative consequences of conflict discussions - less satisfied after talking about a problem, feel more pessimistic after, general tendency to worry

avoidant attachment

not distressed when mother left, ignored mother upon return

measuring attachment - building on that measure

on a continuum get a better idea of attachment style 1) adult attachment scale - establish degree of one style 2) relationship styles questionaire - bunch of items from each style

psychosocial development stage - preschool - mastery at this stage

purpose; or the courage to pursue valued goals without the fear of punishment

separation-individuation manifestation

realize they are a separate entity - around 6 months don't want to be held by strangers want to start exploring their environment but also 100% dependent parent - need to give space but need to be available when needed

stability and specificity of attachment patterns - breakup, commitment

relationship breakups can alter a secure attachment pattern, but relationship satisfaction and commitment can lead to a secure type

attachment processes - research suggests - dismissing style

report relatively high levels of emotional control consciously try to override emotional state hide what they feel to be independent less receptive to their partners

responses to the strange situation

secure attachment avoidant attachment ambivalent attachment

adult attachment patterns

secure type preoccupied type dismissing type fearful type

separation-individuation

the process of acquiring a distinct identity

internal working models

thought that child will eventually relate to other people in a similar way that their primary caregiver did to them child's attachment relationship with their primary caregiver leads to the development of

psychosocial development stage - old age - mastery at this stage

wisdom; emerging from a life review with a sense of integrity

other reflections in adult attachment patterns - workplace - avoidant

work more and socialize less with others during leisure breaks

psychosocial development stage - infancy - mastery at this stage

world is predictable, others are reliable, and creates a sense of hope (wishes are obtained) and optimism (all about confidence) I hope my caregivers will return to me and I'm sure they will extending time of care - need to grow mistrust and independence want a little bit of mistrust