Midterm 2 - Psychology 105 - Attachment Theory and Erikson's Psychosocial Development
strange situation procedure
1) infant and mother enter a room, a stranger is present 2) stranger engages infant in presence of mother, then leaves the mother leaves shortly after 3) stranger returns, and after a brief time period, the mother returns
psychosocial development stage - early childhood - mastery at this stage
a determination to exercise free choice
strange situation
a procedure used to assess the attachment pattern of the infant to the mother (emotional connection)
psychosocial crisis (or conflict)
a turning point in a developmental period when some interpersonal issue is dealt with and growth potential and vulnerability are both high won't master a stage completely being successful in one stage, gives higher chance of being successful in the next one need both positive and negative sides of the conflict
preoccupied type
adult version of ambivalent enjoys closeness as well, but is often jealous, neurotic, and vigilant for signs of the partner leaving the relationship
separation anxiety
an experience of rejection or loss during exploration
adult attachment working models
attachment style during infancy influences relationships in adulthood mostly about the romantic relationships
psychosocial development stage - early childhood - crisis
autonomy vs shame and doubt early exposure to impulse control - potty training (don't want to baby or ridicule them)
fearful type
avoids relationships, feel like they will never get approval or love depressed and anxious regarding relationships (terrified about rejection) pg 6
psychosocial development stage - infancy - crisis
basic trust vs mistrust
separation anxiety analogy
car alarm bench press
psychosocial development stage - adulthood - mastery at this stage
care; a widening concern for whatever you have generated in your life (ex. children)
psychosocial development stage - school age - mastery at this stage
competence; the sense that one can do things that are valued by others meeting specific contingencies
adult attachment patterns - research suggests - secure adults
described their romantic relationships as more trusting and friendly
secure attachment
distressed when mother leaves, but comforted upon her return
ambivalent attachment
distressed when mother left, but not comforted upon her return, instead resentful or angry
secure type
enjoys closeness, trusts, and is comfortable relying on another individual, and having that person rely on them
other reflections in adult attachment patterns - workplace - preoccupied
feel their job security is more tenuous and feel like they receive less recognition
measuring attachment - early days
force choice measure pick the one that typically represents you in your romantic relationships
psychosocial development stage - adulthood - crisis
generativity vs stagnation symbolic immortality - artwork, children not always tangible - any social impact how will I be remembered? interpersonal death anxiety
optimal formation of response to strange situation
give them ability to deal with stuff on their own but meet their needs
primary measures of the strange situation
how does the infant react to being left alone how does the child react to the primary caregiver returning
how are attachment styles formed
how the primary caregiver reacts to them when they are in distress (separation anxiety) influenced by genetics but more about the treatment
psychosocial development stage - adolescence - mastery at this stage
identity formation, but with fidelity (trueness)
psychosocial development stage - adolescence - crisis
identity vs role confusion cognitively more advanced, reflective questions, existential how you dress, political views, sexual orientation public and private self - should be the same need role confusion - from internal, not just from outside
psychosocial development stage - school age - crisis
industry vs inferiority want some negative still - motivation, humility women value men who are diligent
psychosocial development stages
infancy early childhood preschool school age adolescence young adulthood adulthood old age
psychosocial development stage - preschool - crisis
initiative vs guilt takes initiative even to the chagrin of parents, trying to exercise power some guilt needs to come online to exercise self-control
psychosocial development stage - old age - crisis
integrity (sense of completeness) vs despair what you wish you did and what you didn't get to do sea of regret, existential guilt opportunities not taken, feel like we haven't lived
psychosocial development stage - young adulthood - crisis
intimacy vs isolation close to others, disclosure of info
adult attachment patterns - research suggests - dismissing adults
less likely to accept their partners imperfections
psychosocial development stage - young adulthood - mastery at this stage
love; a mutual love for one's own identity and that of others
dismissing type
mirrors avoidant type does not enjoy closeness, nor trusts others when leaving a relationship, it does not bother them much
stability and specificity of attachment patterns - divorce
more likely to change from a secure relationship to an insecure one if their parents' get divorced not going to trust as easily, more ambivalent
adult attachment patterns - research suggests - preoccupied adults
more likely to report extreme emotional highs and lows more likely to say that their relationship was love at first sight
attachment processes - research suggests - preoccupied style
more likely to ruminate about a transgression more likely to use something as a fight (more likely to drive people away) associated with intensification of the negative consequences of conflict discussions - less satisfied after talking about a problem, feel more pessimistic after, general tendency to worry
avoidant attachment
not distressed when mother left, ignored mother upon return
measuring attachment - building on that measure
on a continuum get a better idea of attachment style 1) adult attachment scale - establish degree of one style 2) relationship styles questionaire - bunch of items from each style
psychosocial development stage - preschool - mastery at this stage
purpose; or the courage to pursue valued goals without the fear of punishment
separation-individuation manifestation
realize they are a separate entity - around 6 months don't want to be held by strangers want to start exploring their environment but also 100% dependent parent - need to give space but need to be available when needed
stability and specificity of attachment patterns - breakup, commitment
relationship breakups can alter a secure attachment pattern, but relationship satisfaction and commitment can lead to a secure type
attachment processes - research suggests - dismissing style
report relatively high levels of emotional control consciously try to override emotional state hide what they feel to be independent less receptive to their partners
responses to the strange situation
secure attachment avoidant attachment ambivalent attachment
adult attachment patterns
secure type preoccupied type dismissing type fearful type
separation-individuation
the process of acquiring a distinct identity
internal working models
thought that child will eventually relate to other people in a similar way that their primary caregiver did to them child's attachment relationship with their primary caregiver leads to the development of
psychosocial development stage - old age - mastery at this stage
wisdom; emerging from a life review with a sense of integrity
other reflections in adult attachment patterns - workplace - avoidant
work more and socialize less with others during leisure breaks
psychosocial development stage - infancy - mastery at this stage
world is predictable, others are reliable, and creates a sense of hope (wishes are obtained) and optimism (all about confidence) I hope my caregivers will return to me and I'm sure they will extending time of care - need to grow mistrust and independence want a little bit of mistrust
