Midterm

the city council of Siena commissioned _____ to fresco the city hall with scenes of good and bad government

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Gaulli had worked in his youth for the artist

Bernini

the city of ______ produced a notable number of accomplished women painters and sculptors

Bologna

the description of Saint _____ informed Grunewald's paintings for the Isenheim Alterpiece

Bridget

which artists first demonstrated the principles of linear perspective?

Brunelleschi

the transformation of the Italo-Byzantine style can be detected in the Virgin and Child Enthroned by

Cimabue

the Flemish artist __________ found favor in France as the royal portrait painter

Clouet

the Spanish painter Domenikos Theotokopoulos, known as El Greco, was originally from

Crete

__________ painted a huge altarpiece for the high altar of Siena Cathedral

Duccio

_____ was a leading figure in the Germain Renaissance

Durer

The use of the sacrificial Lamb of God in the Isenheim Altarpiece recalls the

Ghent Altarpiece

_____ was commissioned to create an elaborate tabernacle to frame the new madonna and child at Orsanmichele

Giotto

which artist was NOT commissioned by Pope Julius II to help him realize his vision of a revitalized Rome as the center of a new Christian architecture?

Leonardo da Vinci

a painting long thought to be the work of Franz Hals was recently discovered to be the work of

Leyste

Lucas Cranach the Elder was the favorite painter of

Luther

Durer openly expressed his _____ in the Four Apostles

Lutheranism

Pope Paul V commissioned __________ to provide Saint Peter's Basilica with a longer nave and a new façade

Maderno

in the early part of the fifteenth century, the Italian painter __________ provided new direction for Florentine painting

Masaccio

the personal style of the painter, _____, merged with the French Gothic style to become the Beautiful style in the later 14th-century

Master Theodoric

Sofonisba Anguissola's father consulted with the artist _____ about his daughter's artistic talents

Michelangelo

the sculptor,________, produced The Four Crowned Martyrs for a niche at Orsanmichele

Nanni di Banco

in 1586, the _____ family commissioned El Greco to paint a large altarpiece honoring a great fourteenth century ancestor

Orgaz

the banqueting house, Whitehall palace demonstrates the influence of _____ classicizing style on Inigo Jones in England

Palladio's

__________ created some smaller, bronze sculptures, designed for interior spaces, for the Medici family

Pollaiuolo

the Capponi Chapel contains Entombment by the artist

Pontormo

the artist __________ proclaimed he wanted to combine Titian's color with the drawing of Michelangelo

Tintoretto

the current attribution of the Pastoral Concert or Allegory on the Invention of Pastoral Poetry is to the artist

Titian

by the end of the sixteenth century, the city of _____ was regarded as the queen of the Adriatic

Venice

_____ was called before the inquisition for placing Jesus in the company of unsavory characters in the painting Feast in the House of Levi

Veronese

in Northern Europe, particularly Germany, devotional images which depict Mary mourning her dead son, Jesus, are known as

Vesperbild

_____ was the first architect of Il Gesu

Vignola

which of the following was NOT an architectural influence on Christopher Wren's design for St. Paul's Cathedral?

Vignola

the _____, surrounded by a court of angels and Siena's patron saints, are the subject of the Maesta's central panel

Virgin and Christ Child

Tilman Riemenschneider had the largest workshop in

Wurzburg

Recent scholarship suggests that Titian's Venus of Urbino was meant to represent

a newly married woman

the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles serves as

a stage-like backdrop for the dramatic spectacle of Louis XIV's court

scholars believe that Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights may be all of the following EXCEPT

a visualization of a satirical poem by Jacob Cats

how did Hyacinthe Rigaud demonstrate the absolute power of Louis XIV in his portrait of the King (Fig. 22-49)?

all of the above

how does Nanni de Banco's The Four Crowned Martyrs (Fig. 19-8) at Osanmichele demonstrate a revival of classical artistic tradition?

all of the above

what characteristic is common to both Bernini and Caravaggio's artwork?

all of the above

what design feature of the church of Il Gesu in Rome developed in response to Catholicism's emphasis on individual, emotional participation during the Counter-Reformation?

all of the above

what detail of Bernini's "St. Teresa of Ávila in Ecstasy" (Fig. 22-1) contributes to its theatrical impact?

all of the above

what element of Giacomo della Porta's design of Il Gesu was widely influential?

all of the above

what image seen in dutch secular art conveys the theme of vanitas

all of the above

which of the following distinguishes Italian artistic interests during the Renaissance in contrast to contemporary artists in northern Europe

an emphasis on more analytical methods of illusionism

what distinguished Venetian painting of the late sixteenth century from works done in other Italian cities?

an interest in color, light, and loose, expressive brushwork

in Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel Ceiling the _____ are depicted in the spandrels

ancestors of Jesus

English artists excelled in which field during the seventeenth century?

architecture

a popular form of Dutch still-life painting, showing a table set for a meal, is called a __________

breakfast piece

how did Riemenschneider's "Altarpiece of the Holy Blood" (Fig. 21-2) differ from earlier German traditions for wooden sculpture?

his use of natural finishes

how does the figure in Lucas Cranach the Elder's Nymph of the Spring compare to idealized nudes in Italian Renaissance paintings

it suggests a distinctly different conception of the figure in Germany

what was the primary reason for the delayed construction of the dome of the Florence Cathedral?

lack of engineering know-how

in the Battle of San Romano, Uccello arranged every detail of the intense fighting to confirm with

linear perspective

_____ represented the economic center of Florence

loggia dei lanzi

Linear perspective creates the illusion of three-dimensional space in painting through all of the following EXCEPT:

making objects in the distance appear grayer and less clear

Masaccio used linear perspective in the Trinity with the Virgin to create the illusion _______________

of a deep barrel vault extending behind the figures of the Trinity

renewed interest in _____ provided the funds necessary to expand the façade of the Cathedral of St. James Santiago de Compostela

pilgrimages

Michelangelo's vestibule of the Laurentian Library in Florence foreshadows Mannerism by

playfully combining architectural forms in a way that calls attention fo themselves

Anthony van Dyck had an illustrious independent career as a

portraitist

Hans Holbein is best known for his

portraits of nobles and diplomats in the Tudor court

Durer's work in what medium led to his fame and fortune?

printmaking

Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise demonstrate the use of linear perspective to render illusionistic space in ____________

relief sculpture

Rembrandt's prints of Three Crosses exist in five

stages

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Mannerism?

subtle coloration and lighting effects

for most of the 15th century, the ______________________ were the most powerful rulers and art patrons in northern Europe

the Dukes of Burgundy

Velazquez's painting The Surrender at Breda is popularly known as

the Lances

the kings Francis I and Henry II modernized the medieval castle of __________, thus giving rise to the French classical style.

the Louvre

what region of Europe saw the emergence of an art market in the sixteenth century, when art became a commodity for local and international trade

the Netherlands

Raphael's well-known fresco The School of Athens summarizes the ideals envisioned by __________in both its subject matter and harmonious formal arrangement

the Renaissance Popes

the major work of the Limbourg brothers was _____ commissioned for Jean, the Duke of Berry

the Tres Riches Heures (Book of Hours)

what element of Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin of the Rocks best embodies the principles of art in the High Renaissance?

the balanced pyramidal grouping of figures

how did the church respond to Veronese's Feast in the House of Levi?

the church felt Veronese had treated the subject matter inappropriately

what about Bronzino's Allegory with Venus and Cupid would have probably been most appreciated by patrons of Mannerist art?

the complex iconography and ambiguous meaning

how does Clara Peeter's Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels demonstrate its origins in Northern European painting of the Renaissance

the detailed representation of textures, color, and light

What detail in Ghirlandaio's Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds (Fig. 19-33) does NOT derive from his careful observation of the Portinari Altarpiece (Fig. 18-16) by Hugo van der Goes

the explicit references to Classical Rome

how does Giambologna's small sculpture of "Astronomy, or Venus Urania" (Fig. 20-33) reflect characteristics of Mannerist sculpture?

the extreme twisted pose of the figure

what characteristic of Tintoretto's painting style was criticized by his contemporaries

the spontaneity of his slashing brushwork

how did the development of an art market impact artists in Antwerp?

they began to specialize in specific genres

how do the paintings of the LeNain brothers in France differ from genre scenes by Dutch painters?

they focus on the simple life of peasants

an altarpiece which has a winged, movable panel attached to both sides of the central section is known as a _____, resulting in a total of three panels

triptych

still-life paintings with a moralizing _____ theme were very popular in the seventeenth century

vanitas

Durer's The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is a(n)

woodcut