Midterm - Anatomy

The branch(es) of the brachiocephalic artery is/are the: 1. right common carotid artery 2. left common carotid artery 3. right vertebral artery 4. right subclavian artery

1 & 4

The carotid sheath protects the following: 1 the carotid artery 2 the brachial plexus 3 the vagus nerve 4 the internal jugular vein 5 the internal carotid artery

1, 3, 4 & 5 only

Match the following: 1. Connects lateral ventricles with third ventricles 2 Connects fourth ventricle with cerebellopontine angle cistern 3. Connects third ventricle with fourth 4. Connects fourth ventricle with cisterna magna All Answer Choices A. Foramen of Lushka B. Cerebral aqueduct C. Foramina of Magendie D. Foramen of Monro

1. D. Foramen of Monro 2. A.Foramen of Lushka 3. B.Cerebral aqueduct 4. C.Foramina of Magendie

Select the muscles that directly attach to the mandible. 1 stylohyoid 2 genioglossus 3 mylohyoid

2 & 3

The diencephalon consists of: 1.the basal ganglia and white matter 2.the epithalamus and the thalamus 3.the floor of the third ventricle and the pineal gland

2.the epithalamus and the thalamus 3.the floor of the third ventricle and the pineal gland Response Feedback: The basal ganglia is within each cerebral hemisphere.

Another name for the medial angle is the costophrenic sulcus True False

False

Fluid in the inner ear is abnormal. True False

False

The espophagus is anterior to the trachea until it reaches the level of the carina. True False

False

The maxillary sinuses drain into the inferior nasal meatus. True False

False

The pericardium is the cardiac muscle that divides the ventricles True False

False

The vomer forms the superior portion of the bony nasal septum. True False

False

The arachnoid villi produce cerebral spinal fluid True False

False CSF is produced within the ventricles by the choroid plexus. These structures are highly vascular and easily seen on CT scans because they calcify.

The trachea bifurcates at the level of the body of the sternum. True False

False Its bifurcation is called the carina at the level of the sternal angle of the sternum.

Match the following vessels with the appropriate heart chambers: a. Left atrium b. Right atrium c. Right ventricle d. Left ventricle All Answer Choices A. Pulmonary trunk B. Pulmonary veins C. SVC and IVC D. Aorta

Right Ventricle A. Pulmonary trunk Left Atrium B. Pulmonary veins Right Atrium C. SVC and IVC Left Ventricle D. Aorta

Match the following: a. Left atrium b. Right ventricle c. Left ventricle All Answer Choices A. Most anterior chamber B. Most posterior chamber C. Thickest myocardium

Right ventricle A. Most anterior chamber Left Atrium B. Most posterior chamber Left Ventricle C. Thickest myocardium

On axial CT images one expects to find the right and left pulmonary arteries branching off the pulmonary trunk at approximately the same level as the bifurcation of the trachea. True False

True

The anterior portion of the sella turcica is termed the tuberculum sella. True false

True

The pulmonary arteries bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs. True False

True

The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle. True False

True

The visceral pleura covers the outer most surface of the lungs and forms the fissures. True False

True The visceral pleura is the covering closest to the lungs. It continues to cover each lobe thereby forming the fissures.

In which direction does the apex of the heart project? a. Anterior and to the left b. Anterior and to the right c. Posterior and to the left d. Posterior and to the right

a. Anterior and to the left

The largest cistern in the brain is the a. Cisterna magna. b. Cistern pontine. c. Quadrigeminal cistern. d. None of the above.

a. Cisterna magna.

The diencephalons is part of the a. Forebrain. b. Midbrain. c. Hindbrain. d. None of the above-it is a separate entity.

a. Forebrain.

Included in the brain stem are the: I. Pons II. Medulla III. Cerebellum. a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. I, II and III

a. I and II

Match the different portions of the orbit with the bones composing them. a. Maxillary, zygoma b. Ethmoid, lacrimal c. Zygoma, sphenoid d. Frontal bone All Answer Choices A. Roof B. Medial wall C. Floor D. Lateral wall

a. Maxillary, zygoma C. Floor b. Ethmoid, lacrimal B. Medial wall c. Zygoma, sphenoid D. Lateral wall d. Frontal bone A. Roof

The two lateral ventricles are separated by the Selected Answer: a. Septum pellucidum. b. Fornix. c. Corpus striatum. d. Choroid plexus.

a. Septum pellucidum.

What gland(s) is/are found lateral to the hyoid bone on axial CT images of the neck? a. Submandibular b. Parotid c. Sublingual d. Thyroid

a. Submandibular

Which bone ends up disassociated in a tripod fracture? a. Zygoma b. Maxilla c. Frontal d. Temporal

a. Zygoma

The thyroid gland can be located at the level of the: a. cricoid cartilage b. thyroid cartilage c. manubrium d. hyoid bone

a. cricoid cartilage

The temporal lobes are seen on axial images at the level of the a. dorsum sellae. b. parietal lobes. c. corpus collosum. d. frontal lobes.

a. dorsum sellae.

Select the correct location where the internal carotid artery bifurcates into the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery. at the level of the optic chiasma at the level of the floor of the third ventricle at the level of the pontine cistern at the level of the optic nerves

at the level of the optic chiasma Response Feedback: The level of the optic chiasma is at the base of the brain and also the location of the Circle of Willis where the internal carotid artery bifurcates.The level of the floor of the third ventricle is too high and too centrally located for Circle of Willis. Recall the internal carotid artery connects with the Arterial Circle of Willis to next branch into anterior and middle cerebral artery.The basilar arter is located at the level of the pontine cistern; so this is too inferior.The optic nerves travel along different paths that are not midline until converging at the optic chiasma. The arterial circle of willis encircles the optic chiasma, the pituitary gland and the mammillary bodies.

On which imaging plane would you be able to see all four rectus muscles of the eye on a single slice? a. Sagittal b. Coronal c. Axial d. All would be visible on al imaging planes

b. Coronal

The cerebral aqueduct runs through the a. Forebrain. b. Midbrain. c. Hindbrain. d. None of the above.

b. Midbrain.

Which muscle is seen most anteriorly on axial CT images of the neck? a. SCM (sternocleiodomastoid) b. Platysma c. Sternohyoid/sternothyroid d. Longus capitis/longus colli

b. Platysma

Where is the descending aorta located in the mediastinum? a. Anterior and to the left b. Posterior and to the left c. Anterior and to the right d. Posterior and to the right

b. Posterior and to the left

Into which vessel does the azygos vein empty? a. Right internal jugular vein b. Superior vena cava c. Right external jugular vein d. It empties directly into the right atrium.

b. Superior vena cava

The appearance of the corpus callosum on axial images arranged in a descending order immediately precedes the appearance of the a. longitudinal fissure. b. body of the lateral ventricle. c. frontal lobes of the cerebrum. d. cerebellum.

b. body of the lateral ventricle.

The first vessel to branch off the aortic arch is the: a. left vertebral artery b. brachiocephalic artery c. left subclavian artery d. left common carotid artery

b. brachiocephalic artery

The superior vena cava is formed by the junction of the: a. internal jugular veins b. brachiocephalic veins c. external jugular veins d. subclavian veins

b. brachiocephalic veins

Each optic nerve continues posteriorly to meet at the: a. mammillary bodies b. optic chiasma c. pituitary gland d. optic tracts

b. optic chiasma Response Feedback: Each optic n. passes through the optic canal and extends posteriorly to the optic chiasm. The midregion of the optic chiasma is composed of crossed fibres from the medial or temporal half of each optic nerve. It is at the optic chiasm that an optic tract crosses to end in the diencephalon (thalamus). The mammillary bodies are two spherical masses in the hypothalamus located in the interpeduncular space immediately posterior to the optic chiasma. They are not part of the optic nerve, optic chasma or the optic tract.

Which muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles? a. platysma b. sternocleidomastoid c. trapezius d. longissimus dorsi

b. sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following is considered the smallest of the salivary glands? a. submaxillary b. sublingual c. submandibular d. parotid

b. sublingual

Which cartilage is the epiglottis attached to? a. cricoid b. thyroid c. hyoid d. arytenoid

b. thyroid

The first laryngeal cartilage encountered on a series of axial CT images of the neck arranged in descending order is the a. Hyoid bone b. Thyroid cartilage c. Epiglottis d. Cricoid cartilage

c. Epiglottis

Which part of the orbit is involved in a blowout fracture? a. Roof b. Medial wall c. Floor d. Lateral wall

c. Floor

Which vessels merge together to form the superior vena cava (SVC)? a. Right and left internal jugular veins b. Right and left subclavian veins c. Right and left brachiocephalic veins d. Right and left external jugular veins

c. Right and left brachiocephalic veins

As seen on coronal images the lateral walls of the third ventricle are formed by a. Hypothalamus. b. Claustrum. c. Thalamus. d. Fornix.

c. Thalamus.

What is the function of the hyoid bone? a. prevents food from entering the trachea b. acts as a base for the laryngeal cartilages to rest on c. acts as an attachment site for muscles associated with swallowing d. protects the delicate vocal cords

c. acts as an attachment site for muscles associated with swallowing

Collateral circulation between the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava is supplied by the a. thoracic veins b. subclavian veins c. azygos veins d. intercostal veins

c. azygos veins

Which of the following is typically the largest vasculature structure in the neck? a. common carotid artery b. internal carotid artery c. internal jugular vein d. external jugular vein

c. internal jugular vein

The nasal cavity opens into the: a. laryngopharynx b. oropharynx c. nasopharynx d. vestibule

c. nasopharynx

The diaphragm allows for passage of the vena cava through the: caval hiatus aortic hiatus crus hiatus esophageal hiatus

caval hiatus

Name the part of the brain that rests along the two inferior sections within the posterior cranial fossa. occipital lobe temporal lobes cerebellum vermis

cerebellum

This basal section of the occipital bone forms the: occipital crest lateral condyles clivus posterior cranial fossa

clivus

The scroll-like structures of the nasal cavity are the ___________. meati conchae ethmoidal sinuses nasal cavity

conchae

The number of pieces of cartilage making up the larynx is a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9 e. 10

d. 9

Give the location within the brain where the internal carotid artery bifurcates into the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery. a. lateral fissure b. pontine cistern c. carotid siphon d. Circle of Willis

d. Circle of Willis Response Feedback: The internal carotid artery bifurcates into these two vessels at the level of the optic chiasma and the caverous sinus. In addition, the internal carotid artery has a connection with the posterior communicating artery and the anterior communicating artery which both are components of the Circle of Willis. The middle cerebral artery after bifurcation from the internal carotid artery is located in the lateral fissure. The basilar artery is located within the pontine cistern. The carotid siphon is inferior to the Circle of Willis. It has an s-shaped curve within the caverous sinus before piercing the dura.

On axial CT images, which portion of the larynx is seen completely encircling the laryngeal pharynx? a. Epiglottis b. Arytenoid c. Thyroid d. Cricoid

d. Cricoid

The last laryngeal cartilage encountered on a series of axial CT images of the neck arranged in descending order is the a. Epiglottis b. Arytenoid c. Thyroid cartilage d. Cricoid e. Hyoid

d. Cricoid

Which valve is seen on sectional images separating the left atrium from the left ventricle? a. Pulmonic semilunar b. Tricuspid valve c. Aortic semilunar valve d. Mitral valve e. Thesbian valve

d. Mitral valve

Which of the following imaging planes will not demonstrate the lens of the eye? a. Coronal b. Axial c. Sagittal d. They all will demonstrate the lens of the eye

d. They all will demonstrate the lens of the eye

The connecting tissue of the two hemispheres of the cerebellum is the a. Corpus striatum. b. Centrum semiovale. c. Corpus callosum. d. Vermis.

d. Vermis.

The brachial plexum is located between the: a. platysma and posterior scalene muscles b. sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene muscles c. middle scalene and posterior scalene muscles d. anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles

d. anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles

The temporal lobes are seen on axial images at the level of the a. corpus collosum. b. frontal lobes. c. parietal lobes. d. dorsum sellae.

d. dorsum sellae.

Which portion of the corpus callosum lies between the anterior lateral horns of the lateral ventricles? a. splenium b. rostrum c. body d. genu

d. genu Answer Feedback: The splenium lies between the posterior horns of the lateral ventricles. Response Feedback: The anterior portion of the corpus callusum is the genu. The genu is seen immediately between the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles. The genu is just superior to the rostrum of the corpus callosum when viewing a mid-sagittal scan. The body of the corpus callosum lie above the bodies of the lateral ventricles (mid-sagittal scan). The rostrum is immediately above the hypothalamus (mid-sagittal scan). The splenium lies between the posterior horns of the lateral ventricles (sagittal and axial scans).

These muscles assist in respiration a. trapezius b. rhomboideus c. serratus anterior d. intercostals

d. intercostals

The pulmonary veins bring blood to the: a. lungs b. right ventricle c. right atrium d. left atrium

d. left atrium

Select the statement that best describes the location of the mamillary bodies. directly behind the infundibulum directly behind the corpora quadrigemina directly in front of the pons directly in front of the pineal gland

directly behind the infundibulum Response Feedback: The mamillary bodies are encircled by the Circle of Willis along with the hypophysis and the infundibulum (pituitary stalk).Posterior to the corpora quadrigemina is the quadrigeminal (superior)cistern which contains CSF.The mamillary bodies are superior to the anterior portion of the pons. The basaliar artery is in front of the pons.The pineal gland is between the posterior aspect of the third ventricle and the splenium of the corpus callousum.

The carina is a. the location of the bifurcation of the pharynx into the trachea and the esophagus. b. the location of the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi. c. located at T4/T5 d. a and c e. b and c

e. b and c

These vessels empty into the right subclavian vein. brachiocephalic vein and the axillary vein azygos vein and the thoracic duct external jugular vein and the axillary vein internal jugular vein and the medial jugular vein

external jugular vein and the axillary vein

In the region of the neck, arteries are lateral to the veins. true or false

false

The carotid sheath encloses the external jugular vein. true false

false

The lobes of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain include: frontal, parietal, occipital and insula frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal frontal, thalamus, pons and medulla oblongata frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and insula

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and insula Response Feedback: The frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes are all distinguishable while examining the external surfaces of the brain and the gyrus or sulcus that determines each boundary. The insula is deep within the lateral fissure and is the smallest lobe of the cerebrum.

Which lobe of the brain is located near the extreme capsule? frontal lobe insula occipital parietal

insula Response Feedback: The insula is located near or adjacent to the lateral fissure and the extreme capsule. Immediatley lateral to the extreme capsule is the insula. The lateral fissure is immediately lateral of the insula when viewing both coronal and sagittal images. Also, the middle cerebral artery travels through the lateral fissure.

Select any correct answer that applies to the hippocampus. Select all that apply. it is part of the basal ganglia it is gray matter it is part of the temporal lobe it is part of the limbic system

it is gray matter it is gray matter it is part of the temporal lobe it is part of the limbic system Response Feedback: The caudate nucleus, the thalamus, the lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus & putamen) and the claustrum make up the basal ganglia.The hippocampus is formed by cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe;therefore it is gray matter. Its is located along the medial surface of the temporal lobe and it is in the posterior portion of the temporal lobe near the midbrain.The hippocampus comprises a portion of the limbic system, specifically with transition of short-term memory to long-term memory.

Select the group of structures that are all comprised of gray matter. mamillary bodies, cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus substantia nigra, thalamus and internal capsule corpus callosum, thalamus and claustrum pituitary gland, pineal gland and fornix

mamillary bodies, cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus Response Feedback: The mammillary bodies are small paired structures of gray matter that are part of the diencephalon and they protrude from the hypothalamus into the interpeduncular cistern. The cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex are composed of gray matter and follow the gyri and sulci of the brain's surface. This gray matter is composed of nerve cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers. Higher mental functions are integrated here, such as, general movement, visceral functions, perceptions and behavior reactions. The thalamus is a component of the basal ganglia and forms the walls of the the third ventricle.The substantia nigra (black substance) gains its color from melanin. The internal capsule is white matter and lies between the thalamus and the lentiform nucleus and extends upward along the head of the caudate nucleus. The corpus callosum is a mass of white matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. The fornix is a bundle of white fibers that extends from the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies of the hypothalamus and bridges over the thalamus

The levator scapulae insert on the: spine of the scapula coracoid process glenoid ridge medial border of scapula

medial border of scapula The two muscles of the neck that insert on the scapula are the omohyoid and the levator scapulae.

Select the part of the eye that allows for changes in light intensity. iris pupil lens cornea

pupil Response Feedback: The iris acts like the shutter of a camera. The pupil is the circular hole in the middle of the iris, comparable to the aperture of a camera regulates the amount of light passing through to the retina at the back of the eye. As the amount of light entering the eye diminishes (such as in the dark or at night), the iris dilator muscle (which runs radially through the iris like spokes on a wheel) pulls away from the center, causing the pupil to "dilate" and allowing more light to reach the retina. When too much light is entering the eye, the iris sphincter muscle (which encircles the pupil) pulls toward the center, causing the pupil to "constrict" and allowing less light to reach the retina.

This heart chamber is most anterior on an axial CT scan of the thorax. right ventricle left ventricle right atrium left atrium

right ventricle

The union of the two parietal bones is accomplished by the: coronal suture squamosal suture lamboidal suture sagittal suture

sagittal suture Response Feedback: Also note, below the sagittal suture lies the dura that creates the largest dural sinus for drainage of venous blood and CSF.

The mediastinum contains all of the following structures except: pericardium thymus brachiocephalic artery secondary bronchi

secondary bronchi

The uvula is an extension of the: epiglottis parotid gland genioglossus soft palate

soft palate The uvula is an extension of the soft palate and is suspended in the oropharynx. The epiglottis lies with the laryngopharynx. The genioglossus is a muscle that attaches to the tongue and aids in movement and shape alternation of the tongue. The parotid gland lies long the external surface of the mandible.

Match each cranial bone to its corresponding feature. sphenoid A. cribriform plate temporal B. sides of the cranium frontal C. foramen spinosum occipital D. carotid canal ethmoid E. clivus parietal F. orbital plate

sphenoid C. foramen spinosum temporal D. carotid canal frontal F. orbital plate occipital E. clivus ethmoid A. cribriform plate parietal B. sides of the cranium

From the posterior triangle perspective, what muscle is seen beneath the trapezius muscle? splenius capitis levator scapulae sternocleidomastoid posterior scalene

splenius capitis

This muscle of the neck creates the boundary for both the anterior cervical triangle and the posterior cervical triangle. geniohyoid hyoid bone trapezius sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

Name the dural sinus that lies between the occipital lobe and the cerebellum. straight sinus sigmoid sinus inferior sagittal sinus caverous sinus

straight sinus straight sinus Response Feedback: The straight sinus is the continuation of the inferior sagittal sinus (ISS). It is at this point the ISS receives the Great Vein of Galen/great cerebral vein to become the straight sinus.The sigmoid sinus is difficult to observe with MR or CT imaging.The caverous sinus is located around the pituitary gland.The ISS follows the inferior edge of the falx cerebri.

What section of the cerebrum lies within the lowest portion of the middle cranial fossa? temporal lobes the pituitary gland the optic chiasma parietal lobes

temporal lobes Response Feedback: Also note, the hippocampus lies deep with the temporal lobes close to the midbrain.

Both the ascending aorta and the descending aorta are seen on a transverse scan of the thorax. What additional structure could you see at the same scan level? the brachiocephalic artery the left atrium the right ventricle the ascending and descending aorta cannot be demonstrated on the same scan

the left atrium

The internal capsule is associated with: gray matter and the genu white matter and the lateral ventricles the claustrum and the insula the lentiform nucleus and the thalamus

the lentiform nucleus and the thalamus The internal capsule is an area of white matter that separates the thalamus and the head of the caudate nucleus from the lentiforum nucleus.The structures associated with gray mater and the genu are the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles. The structure associated with white mater and the lateral ventricles is the corpus callosum. The structure associated with the claustrum and the insula is the extreme capsule.

The action of the epiglottis during swallowing is to: tip forward tip backward open forward open backward

tip backward

The interior surface of the occipital bone has two broad grooves, one on each side, that accommodate the _____________. superior sagittal sinus confluence of sinuses petrosal sinuses transverse sinuses

transverse sinuses

This is a broad band of superficial muscle that covers the posterior neck. platysma sternocleidomastoid rectus capitis trapezius

trapezius

In the neck, the external carotid artery is anterior to the internal carotid artery. true false

true

Name the area on both sides of the laryngeal outlet and vulnerable to injury when a foreign body lodges there. vallecula epiglottic fold piriform recess pre-epiglottic space

vallecula