Midterm Review, Midterm short response review

Chlorophyll can be removed from leaves by boiling them in alcohol, a flammable solvent. In addition to wearing safety goggles, which is the safest procedure to follow?

A beaker of leaves and alcohol should be placed into a larger beaker of water and heated on a hot plate.

The reproductive system of a male mammal provides

A means for the delivery of gametes

All of the following are true regarding cells except?

All cells have cell walls

The flu is a disease caused by a virus that can undergo frequent genetic changes. A different flu vaccination is needed each year. Explain why a single vaccination is not effective against all flu viruses.

Because the flu undergoes frequent genetic changes, therefore for each change a new vaccine is needed.

List the major organs in the nervous system and explain its function

Brain keeps your memory. Information is sent from all body systems to the brain. Spinal Cord helps you keep balance and it receives information from the skin, joints and muscles of your body. Nerves function for you to feel things and controls all your body movement.

Describe the process of cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the process that chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP.

Which class of molecules is responsible for speeding up chemical changes?

Enzymes

State one reason why identical twins should have fewer genetic differences than fraternal twins

Identical twins are produced from one zygote/fertilized egg

What change is an example of maintaining dynamic equilibrium?

Insulin is released when glucose levels in the blood are high.

Explain why the genetic material in an offspring produced by sexual reproduction contains genetic material that is not identical to the genetic material of either parent

Offspring's receive genetic information from each of the two parents

The delivery of oxygenated blood to all tissues around the body involves what two life function?

Respiratory and circulatory

The directions for a laboratory activity call for 50 milliliters (ml) of solution A. A student accidentally takes 55 ml from the stock bottle. What should the student do with the extra 5 ml of solution A?

Set the extra 5 ml aside in a labeled beaker and ask the teacher for advice.

Explain the way in which the cell membrane functions

The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell

Explain why the engineered T cells taken from one cancer patient will not work as a cancer treatment if injected into another patient with B-cell leukemia.

The persons immune system will reject/attack cells from the donor

What statement best describes enzymes?

The rate of activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes

Explain how vaccinations protect us against diseases

The vaccine injects a weaker version of the pathogen to allow the antigen to get scanned and fight off the virus without getting poorly sick

Explain why these specific T cells can be used for B-celled leukemia treatment.

They can kill/destroy B-cells

Which safety precaution is recommended when a liquid is being heated in a test tube?

Wear goggles and a laboratory apron

describe how two body systems could interact to maintain homeostasis when a person becomes active.

When a person becomes active the circulatory system exchanges waste and gasses as well as bringing fresh oxygen to your tissues. the circulatory system will bring the gas waste to your respiratory system (lungs) to be expelled. you also breath fresh O2 into your lungs and from diffusion your circulatory system takes back to the tissues. this maintains pH homeostasis throughout your body and it'll keep you alive.

Plants that live in hot, dry climates have evolved mechanisms to help conserve limited water supplies. One example is the closing of leaf openings by guard cells during the day to decrease water loss from their leaves. This detection of and response to an environmental stimulus is an example of

a feedback mechanism

Mad cow disease is a fatal disease that destroys brain tissue. Researchers have found that a prion protein, which is an abnormally constructed molecule, is responsible. Which statement best describes the characteristics a protein must have to function correctly?

a protein is a long chain of amino acids folded into a specific shape

Which cell is normally produces as a direct result of meiosis?

a sperm having half the normal species number of chromosomes

To what would the phrase "is not a cell but has the ability to reproduce within a living cell" best describe?

a virus

A human cell that contains all of the information necessary for the growth and development of a complete organism is

a zygote

In living cells, chemical processes, such as synthesis, all require the action of

biological catalysts

The sweet taste of freshly picked corn is due to the high sugar content in the kernels. Enzyme action converts about 50% of the sugar to starch within one day after picking. To preserve its sweetness, the freshly picked corn is immersed in boiling water for a few minutes, and then cooled. Which statement most likely explains why the boiled corn kernels remain sweet?

boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for converting sugar to starch

Which human disorder is characterized by a group of abnormal body cells that suddenly begin to undergo cell division at a very rapid rate?

cancer

What sequence is the correct order from simplest to most complex?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

An iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed that starch was present at 5:00 pm on a sunny afternoon in July. When a similar leaf from the same tomato plant was tested with iodine at 6:00 am the next morning, the test indicated that less starch was present. This reduction in starch content most likely occurred because starch was

changed into simple sugars

Organisms contain compounds such as proteins, starches, and fats. The chemical bonds in these compounds can be a source of

energy

ATP is a compound that is synthesized when

energy stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration

Three human hormones most directly involved in sexual reproduction are

estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

The greatest degree of genetic variation would be found in offspring that result from

fertilization

the way a protein folds is determines the shape of the molecule, which determines the

function of that protein

Compared to a normal body cell, a normal egg cell contains

half the number of chromosomes

Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that interacts with meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator for a short time, how would the enzyme be affected?

its activity would slow down

The development of organs and tissues from a zygote includes

mitosis and differentiation

Which expression correctly represents a reproductive process that usually occurs in humans where 2n is equal to the number of chromosomes in each body cell?

n + n = 2n

Nutrition involves those activities by which organisms

obtain and process materials needed for other activities

Explain the difference between active and passive transport

passive transport doesn't require ATP, and its concentration goes from high to low. active transport does require ATP, and its concentration goes from low to high

Which process is a form of autotrophic nutrition?

photosynthesis

Which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds?

proteins, DNA, fats, starch

Sexual reproduction in a species usually results in

recombination of genes

A lizard can escape from a predator by losing its tail when caught. Often, the lizard's tail is replaced by the process of

regeneration

As human red blood cells mature, they lose their nuclei. As a result of this loss, which process would be impossible for mature red blood cells to carry out?

reproduction

Which life activity is not required for the survival of an individual organism?

reproduction

Which statement represents an unsafe procedure for heating a nutrient solution in a flask?

stopper the flask tightly to prevent evaporation of the solution

In which process are simple materials chemically combined to form more complex materials?

synthesis

The cell membrane is to the cell as

the atmosphere is to the Earth

The mitochondria is to the cell as

the motor is to a car

The cytoplasm is to the cell as

water is to the ocean