Midterm Study Guide

With what technique are two or more servers linked to equally share the server processor load?

Clustering

List one of the three new reliability features that became available starting with Vista.

Startup Repair tool

Windows 95 used cooperative multitasking for 16-bit applications and preemptive multitasking for 32-bit applications

. True

Which of the following features was first available in Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP?

64-bit Itanium support

If your address bus is 16-bits wide, approximately how much memory can your computer address?

64K bytes

Approximately how much data could a CPU with an external clock speed of 2 GHz and a 32-bit data bus transfer per second?

8 Gigabytes

You have found an old dusty computer in your basement that you can identify as an original IBM PC. You ask your friend if he knows what CPU was used in these computers. Which of the following represents a correct response to your question?

8088

Describe the difference between a mainframe computer and a PC-class computer:

A PC class computer is one where a single person my use to perform individual functions such as using an accounting program. A Main frame is a larger computer, Larger meaning more memory and processing power that is used to complete larger and more complicated tasks such as batch processing checks for an accounting firm. It may also host individual PC class computer software.

Describe the role of a resource manager.

A Resource Manager Help ensure memory is used properly and there are no memory conflicts and also manages how programs access the processing capabilities of the CPU.

What are Windows Containers?

A Software that allows multiple isolated applications to run on a single system. OR Windows Containers support to forms of isolation, Kernel or Namespace Isolation and Hyper-V Isolation. namespace isolation implies that containers share the same underlying host kernel and are separated by namespace only meaning that there are ways in which that isolation can be broken out of. Hyper-V Isolation isolates the container in an extremely lightweight virtual machine that prevents any potential crossover between namespaces.

Describe the difference between a server operating system and a desktop operating system.

A sever operating system typically is optimized to hold vast amount of data and memory. It also can serve as a email, database server. It also allows cluttering, network management, and file sharing and printing. A desktop operating system is easy to access and focuses on user interface through application software such as Microsoft Office, tools, and computer games.

Describe the difference between a time-sharing system and a real-time system.

A time-sharing system is a main computer system that is used by multiple people and applications at the same time. Real time systems receive and process inputs and produces the outputs in a specified amount of time.

Which CPU vendor developed a processor called Athlon?

AMD

Which of the following can be described as program code that operates like a specialized hook into the operating system?

API

List the three types of bus that you will find in every computer design.

Address bus, Control bus, Data bus

List one of the four I/O tasks performed by an operating system.

An I/O task that an OS can perform is handling the input coming from input devices such as a keyboard or mouse.

True

An operating system allows the computer to execute I/O functions, enabling software applications to communicate with computer hardware

8 Gigabytes

Approximately how much data could a CPU with an external clock speed of 2 GHz and a 32-bit data bus transfer per second?

Which CPU, developed originally by DEC, had a 64-bit data and address buses, and was the first chip to reach 1GHz?

Athlon

If you need to change specific parameters controlling the way your computer boots, which of the following components would you configure?

BIOS

Which of the following is low-level programming code capable of starting a full-fledged operating system?

BIOS

Describe the role of the BIOS on a computer.

BIOS (basic input/output system) is the program a personal computer's microprocessor uses to get the computer system started after you turn it on. It also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video adapter, keyboard, mouse and printer.

Briefly discuss what block allocation is and how it is organized.

Block allocation is used to keep track of where files are located. It divides the the disks into blocks that are called clusters or allocation units. It use a specific part of the disk like the File Allocation Table, or it can place it on different parts of the disk as in NFTS or Linux in the Master File Table.

Linux and Unix both use the same structure which is built on the concept of information nodes or inodes. Being that, each file has an inode and is identified by an inode number. Inode 0 is the root of the folder structure (/) and is the jumping-off point for all other inodes. An inode indicates user and group ownership, access mode, the size and type of the file, the date the file was created, and the date the file was last modified and read.

Briefly describe the concept of inodes used in native Linux file systems

1. Block allocation is used to keep track of where files are located. It divides the the disks into blocks that are called clusters or allocation units. It use a specific part of the disk like the File Allocation Table, or it can place it on different parts of the disk as in NFTS or Linux in the Master File Table.

Briefly discuss what block allocation is and how it is organized

This method divides the disk into the clusters which connect to a group of sectors in the disk itself. This method assists in organizing the disk and helping to keep track if all the files.

Briefly discuss what block allocation is and how it is organized

A group of sectors on a disk is called which of the following

Cluster

Which part of the CPU is the "director of operations?"

CU

A group of sectors on a disk is called which of the following?

Cluster

List the three types of bus that you will find in every computer design?

Control bus: this bus carries status signals between the CPU and other devices Address bus: this bus carries address signals that indicates where data should be read/written into the system's memory. Data bus: this bus carries the actual data that is being read from or written to system memory.

Which of the following is NOT a task typically performed by an OS's file system?

Convert files between image formats

Describe the differences between cooperative multitasking and preemptive multitasking.

Cooperative multitasking is when the Operating System gives control to a program then it waits for the program to give control back to the Operating System. Preemptive multitasking is when the Operating System is in control of the computer throughout any time.

What feature in Windows Server 2012 gives you fine-tuned control over shared resources by using data classification?

Dynamic Access Control

Describe Active Directory - what it is, what it contains, and how it is organized.

Database that is used to store information about resources such as user accounts, computers, and printers. It is a read-only domain controller that was implemented so that hackers cannot make changes at remote locations to be replicated to the main domain controller at corporate headquarters.

What is the purpose of a register in a CPU?

Describe three types of registers. The purpose of a register is to temporarily hold information and data before the CPU can start using it. The three types of registers are Instructions, Data/Information, and Addresses registers. Instruction register holds instructions that the CPU will perform. Data/Information register holds data. Addresses register to find and access data.

The code that exchanges information with specific hardware devices is referred to as which of the following?

Device driver

Describe the function of a device driver.

Device drivers can extend the operating system's native functions to provide access and control over different device types, including printers and DVD drivers.

You are the administrator for a company that has users that must access the network remotely on a regular basis. You want the remote connection to be secure using IPsec encryption and as easy as possible to set up for your users. What new feature found in Windows Server 2008 R2 along with Windows 7 can you use to accomplish this?

DirectAccess

Which of the following folders in a Windows file system is NOT typically located directly off the root?

Documents

Describe DAC and how it can be used to provide secure access to files. Give an example.

Dynamic Access Control allows classifying data and assigning permissions by user attributes rather than group memberships. For example, a folder can be classified belonging to the Marketing Department, making access available only to users whose Department attribute equals Marketing.

The core of an operating system that coordinates system functions is referred to as the CPU.

FALSE.

Which AMD processor line has 8 cores and runs up to 4.7 GHz?

FX-8320

A RISC CPU performs more complex instructions and use a uniform number of clock cycles for each instruction

False

A RISC CPU performs more complex instructions and use a uniform number of clock cycles for each instruction.

False

A bus is the chip that performs the actual computational and logic work

False

A bus is the chip that performs the actual computational and logic work.

False

Cooperative multitasking allows the operating system to remain in control of the computer at all times.

False

Mac OS X allows multiple users to access the OS in their own workspaces.

False

Since FAT-16 had a number of limitations, FAT-32 is now the dominant Windows file system since it supports built-in security features and better file compression.

False

The Intel Itanium processor is a CISC-based processor that uses a 128-bit architecture.

False

The address bus almost always runs faster than the external clock speed of the CPU.

False

The firewall in Windows 7 is enhanced to monitor incoming communications only.

False

The first true 32-bit operating system developed by Microsoft was Windows 3.1.

False

The native file system in Linux is called ufs.

False

Originally Fat-16 supported comparatively short filenames, referred to as 6.3 filenames.

False.

What command should you use to change the name of an existing volume?

Format /v

Which type of operation writes the file system structure to the disk?

Formatting

List one of the three jobs performed by the operating system kernel.

Handle basic computer security.

What type of structure is usually used to organize folders in a file system?

Hierarchical

Which type of computer is most likely to be used for graphical design, film design, and animation?

High-End Workstation

What is Client Hyper-V?

Hyper-V allows a server to have multiple operating systems running at the same time.

Which of the following is best described as a technology that enables a single processor to appear as two processors to the OS and allows multiple threads to run simultaneously?

Hyper-threading

While troubleshooting a computer hardware problem, you find that the processor is not being informed when a device has data ready to be read or written. What is the likely problem?

IRQs

List one of the three features found in Windows Server 2008 that are not found in Windows Server 2003 R2.

Improve Image Based Installation Or Failover clustering Or Hyper-V Virtualization.

You are creating specifications for a new high-end workstation. Which CPU should you choose if you want at least six CPU cores?

Intel Core i7

What essential part of the operating system communicates with the BIOS, device drivers, resource managers, and APIs to coordinate operating system functions?

Kernel

If you are designing a CPU on which you want to memory that can be accessed at the internal clock speed of the CPU, which type of memory are you concerned with?

L1 cache

Which type of cache is found as part of more advanced CPUs, is shared among the CPU cores and typically comes in sizes of 8 and 16 MB?

Level 3

Which of the following is a new feature in Windows 7 that allows you to organize files from multiple locations?

Libraries

Briefly describe the concept of inodes used in native Linux file systems.

Linux and Unix both use the same structure which is built on the concept of information nodes or inodes. Being that, each file has an inode and is identified by an inode number. Inode 0 is the root of the folder structure (/) and is the jumping-off point for all other inodes. An inode indicates user and group ownership, access mode, the size and type of the file, the date the file was created, and the date the file was last modified and read.

Which of the following is NOT a task performed by the computer's BIOS?

Manage Random Access Memory

Which of the following is a job typically performed by the kernel?

Managing CPU interactions

List one of the three jobs performed by the operating system kernel.

Managing interactions with the CPU OR the computers RAM OR Starting, managing, and scheduling programs that handle I/O activities, including device and networking activities

A CPU that has two or more sections that read and execute instructions is referred to as which of the following

Multicore Processor

A CPU that has two or more sections that read and execute instructions is referred to as which of the following?

Multicore Processor

If two parts of the same process can be executed simultaneously by the CPU, what feature is being used?

Multithreading

Which of the following file systems supports file and folder permissions?

NTFS

You are troubleshooting a friend's computer and your diagnostic software reports a problem with the MFT. What file system is your friend's computer using?

NTFS

Which Windows Server 2016 installation option has a small footprint and does not support a local logon?

Nano Server

Describe Nano Server.

Nano Server is a new install for Windows Server 2016. It was designed for single task virtual machines, and goes beyond the Server Core. There is no local logon or Remote Desktop.

You are building a new PC for yourself. You want your computer to have a quad-core processor made by AMD. Which processor family should you choose?

Phenom II

In which part of a computer does CPU scheduling occur?

Operating System

What is partitioning?

Partitioning is the process of blocking a group of tracks and sectors to be used by a particular file system, subdividing physical hard drives for example, FAT, NTFS. After a disk is partitioned is has to be high-level formatted so that the partition contains the disk divisions and patterns needed by a particular operating system to store files.

Which feature of RISC CPUs allows the processor to operate on one instruction at the same time it is fetching one or more subsequent instructions?

Pipelining

Which type of CPU was designed jointly by Motorola, Apple, and IBM?

PowerPC

List and describe one of the three types of cloud models described by Microsoft.

Public Cloud. The Public Cloud contains resources that are open and accessible to any organization through a third party.

Which type of storage device in a Linux system has no logical division in blocks?

Raw

Which type of operating system would be best when implementing a new computing system for an industrial plant that will require an accurate system to receive and process inputs, and calculate the expected outputs in a specified period?

Real-Time

If you suspect that a Windows problem is related to the database that stores hardware and software configuration information, which Windows component should you investigate?

Registry

What is ReFS and what is its intended use?

Resilient File System (ReFS) is a file system developed by Microsoft for use on the Windows operating system (OS) that's designed to overcome some of the limitations in the New Technology File System (NTFS).

What type of programs specifically manage central processor and computer memory?

Resource Manager

In a folder hierarchy, the top, or primary, level is referred to as which of the following?

Root

You have heard that the Linux distribution your are going to install to run a new application runs best on a RISC architecture. Which of the following CPU families should you consider for the computer on which you will install this Linux distribution?

SPARC

Which new tool introduced in Windows Server 2008 provides one location to set up, deploy, and manage server and server roles?

Server Manager

Which new installation option was introduced in windows server 2008 that is a bare-bone installation with a limited gui?

Server core

Which of the following will be launched automatically if Windows 7 detects a problem while booting the system?

Startup Repair Tool

Which new feature in Windows Server 2012 provides administrators with the ability to manage storage of different sizes and interfaces, creating virtual disks that can be anything from a simple volume to a fault-tolerant RAID 5?

Storage Spaces

List four tasks performed by a typical file system?

Storing Metadata, Managing and Maintaining file systems, Hierarchical file storing, Organizing storage space

Which of the following accurately describes preemptive multitasking?

The OS allocates resources to applications but remains in full control

In Mac OS, what is the catalog b-tree?

The catalog b-tree is the list of all files on the volume.

Describe how the Linux/Unix directory structure is organized including how multiple volumes are accessed.

The main root directory of the root file system begins with / and if other systems are used then a directory must be created. The Linux/Unix mount command will associate this to the file system to another system.

Describe the registry which was introduced in Windows 95.

The registry introduced in Windows 95 is a database that stores hardware and software information from the operating system. The information stored includes performance information, operating system configuration, hardware configuration, desktop configuration and much more.

List three folders normally found at the root of a Linux file system and what the folder is typically used for.

The three folders found at the root of Linux file system : /bin - user binaries. Directory containing single user modes and executables. tmp - temporary files created by the user and files are deleted when the system is restarted. Home - directory where the user can store personal/private files such as home pictures, personal notes, etc.

Briefly discuss what block allocation is and how it is organized.

This method divides the disk into the clusters which connect to a group of sectors in the disk itself. This method assists in organizing the disk and helping to keep track if all the files.

A separate device driver is typically present for each I/O device

True

A separate device driver is typically present for each I/O device.

True

An operating system allows the computer to execute I/O functions, enabling software applications to communicate with computer hardware.

True

CPUs that run faster generally require more energy and generate more heat.

True

One function of the operating system's kernel is managing the use of the computer's RAM.

True

One of the tasks of a file system is to provide a structure to organize files.

True

What PC systems call clusters; Mac systems refer to as allocation blocks.

True

Which of the following was the first widely used multiuser, multitasking OS?

UNIX

You are planning to buy a new server that will act as the server portion of a client/server application. A colleague of yours makes some suggestions for the server's OS. Which of the following suggestions are you least likely to adopt?

Windows 10

From which OS did Windows XP evolve?

Windows 2000

You need to set up a new network with 15 workstations. You must provide access to network services for all 15 stations simultaneously and you have been told to use Active Directory in this network. Which OS should you use?

Windows 2000 Server

In which Windows desktop OS was the Start button replaced by the Start screen?

Windows 8

Which of the following OSs was the first to offer true 32-bit functionality?

Windows 95

What new feature in Windows 10 allows you to expand your sign-in options by using your facial features or fingerprint if your hardware supports it?

Windows Hello

Which of the following features differentiated Windows NT from Windows 95/98?

Windows NT's kernel ran in privileged mode

You want to be able to take advantage of the new Server Core feature. You have both 32-bit and 64-bit computers you want to install Server Core on. Which Windows OS should you purchase?

Windows Server 2008

Which version of Windows Server has features for implementing a private cloud and comes with an option called Minimal Server Interface?

Windows Server 2012

With respect to computer hardware, what is a major difference between Mac OS and Windows or Linux?

Windows has been the default go to operating system over the years. It is reliable, flexible, and constantly evolving. Linux and Mac OS both are versions of Unix an old and complicated OS. Where windows is a flexible OS, Mac OS has been a desktop operating system. In place of command prompt, Mac OS utilizes the Terminal. Linux is much more viable as a server and embedded apps. Peer-to-peer networking is key on Mac and supports graphics, sound and video capabilities. Mac has proprietary hardware pg.93

What feature of UNIX provides the GUI and is network-enabled?

X window

With respect to computer hardware, what is a major difference between Mac OS and Windows or Linux?

You can only get mac hardware from one source. Many of the graphics functions are located in the bios.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Windows NT security model?

all network data is encrypted

Which particular type of low-level code is responsible for starting an operating system on a computer?

basic input/output system

Which hardware component predicts what data will be needed and makes that data available to the CPU's internal memory?

cache controller

What does the control bus do?

carries status signals between the CPU and other devices

You see a file in File Explorer named File251.chk. What file system utility has been run to create that file?

chkdsk

When a computing environment requires that some processing of applications takes place on a server and on a PC-class computer, which type of system are you using?

client/server system

Which of the following can be described as a client/server computing model that offers scalable Web-based applications and services over the Internet?

cloud computing

You are troubleshooting a computer that is in the design phase. The problem you see is that the CPU is not receiving information about the status of resources and devices connected to the computer. The CPU is also not receiving IRQs. What component of the computer do you suspect could be the problem?

control bus

If you are concerned about how many bytes per second you computer can transfer from main memory to the CPU, what part of the computer are you concerned with?

data bus

Which of the following elements of a file system connects the names of files to the file data stored on the disk?

directory

You have created a movie that is on a file that is almost 6 GB in size. You want to put the movie file on a flash drive so you can bring it to a friend's house to show him. Your computer and your friend's computer are both running Windows 10. Which file system should you use to format your 16 GB thumb drive?

exFAT

Which of the following is NOT an I/O task performed by the operating system?

executes program instructions

You are currently designing a cloud computing system that will host scalable Web-based applications accessible through a Web browser. This system will be available only to your company, but the resources will be made available through a third-party. What type of system should you use?

hosted private cloud

Which of the following does NOT require a device driver to be installed in the OS?

installing additional RAM

Which of the following is true about RISC CPU hardware?

it is less complicated and can perform pipelining more effectively

Which feature of the NTFS file system keeps a log of file system activity to help prevent loss of information if there is a power outage while your disk is in use?

journaling

You are testing out a new multitasking operating system. In your testing, you find that some applications are not getting sufficient CPU time while other applications are getting more than necessary. Which component is likely to be the cause of this problem?

kernel

You have created a number of different documents using several applications including Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. These files are located in different folders on your hard drive. You want to be able to access these folders from a single location without actually moving them from their current location. What feature of Windows 7 can you use?

libraries

Which of the following is NOT an element of the MBR on a Windows system?

master file table

Which of the following statements is true about the FAT directory structure? a backup of the FAT table is kept for each

partition

You have a new hard disk that you want to put two different OSs on but each OS requires a different file system. What procedure must you perform before you can install the two OSs?

partition the disk into two logical drives and install an OS on each logical drive

You have just purchased a new hard drive to install in your Linux system. Before you can begin using the drive to store files, which of the following task must you complete?

partition then high-level format

What operating system feature enables the operating system to automatically detect newly installed hardware?

plug and play

Which of the following statements is true about file storage on a FAT file system?

the clusters are organized as a linked-list

What is a name given to the process of a CPU switching between applications very quickly?

time slicing

Which of the following statements is true about how disk drives are organized?

tracks are divided into sectors

You have a very large hard disk that is 1 TB. You want to organize your data into ten volumes on this disk. Your system is running Windows 10. What can you do to accommodate this?

use a dynamic disk scheme and create 10 volumes

Which of the following is NOT a feature first introduced in Windows 2000?

user accounts and passwords

You have just partitioned a new disk into three partitions and formatted them NTFS 5. You want to be able to access these partitions as folders on the current C: drive. What feature can you use?

volume mount points