Milady: Chapter 8: Skin Disorders and Diseases

telangiectasis

(distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules

Common places for allergic contact dermatitis are:

- on the fingers, palms or on the back of hand - on the face, especially the cheeks - on the scalp, hairline, forehead or neckline

2 types of contact dermatitis

Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Irritant Contact Dermatitis

open comedo

Also known as a blackhead, is a hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum. Comedones appear most frequently on the face, especially in the T- zone, the center of the face.

UVA rays

Also known as aging rays, are deep- penetrating rays that can even go through a glass window. These rays weaken the collagen and elastin fibers, causing wrinkling and sagging of the tissues.

UVB rays

Also known as burning rays, causing sunburns, tanning of the skin and the majority of skin cancers. These are shorter rays that stop penetration at the base of the epidermis.

miliaria rubra

Also known as prickly heat, is an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin. It is caused by exposure to excessive heat and usually clears in a short time without treatment.

fissure

Is a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Examples are severely cracked and/ or chapped hands or lips.

leukoderma

Is a skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches (hypopigmentation); it is caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment- producing cells. Examples are vitiligo and albinism.

tumor

Is an abnormal mass varying in size, shape and color. Tumors are sometimes associated with cancer, but the term tumor can mean any sort of abnormal mass.

scale

Is any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes. An example is abnormal or excessive dandruff.

vesicle

Is small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis. Poison ivy and poison oak, for example, produce vesicles

malignant melanoma

The 3rd and most serious form of skin cancer, which is often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged or raised. Malignant melanoma is the least common- but also the most dangerous- type of skin cancer.

verruca

also know as wart, is a hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis

nevus

also known as birthmark, is a small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries

scar

also known as cicatrix, is lightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed

chloasma

also known as liver spots, is a condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated

closed comedo

also known as whitehead, when the follicle is closed and not exposed to the environment, the sebum remains a white or cream color and appears as a small bump just under the skin surface

milia

are benign, keratin- filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening

secondary skin lesions

are characterized by plies of material on the skin surface, such as crust or scab, or by depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer

primary lesions

are lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin and/ or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin

extrinsic factors

are primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging

anaerobic

are propionibacterium acnes, which means that these bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

intrinsic factors

are skin- aging factors over which we little control

facial expressions

are the repeated movements of the face that result in the formation of expression lines, such as crow's- feet lines that form around the eyes, nasolabial folds that form from the corners of the nose to the corners of the mouth and scowl lines that form between the eyes

benzoyl peroxide

can be especially effective since it helps to shed cellular debris and also kills the acne bacteria

rosacea

formerly called acne rosacea, is a chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose

The sun and its ultraviolet (UV) light

have the greatest impact of all extrinsic factors on how skin ages

anhidrosis

is a deficiency in perspiration, often a result of fever or certain skin diseases

acne

is a disorder affected by 2 major factors: heredity and hormones

bulla

is a large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle but larger

lesion

is a mark on the skin that may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs

dermatologist

is a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair and nails

pustule

is a raised, inflamed, papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple

herpes simplex

is a recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or clog sore

psoriasis

is a skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver- white scales and is usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower back

keloid

is a thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue

contact dermatitis

is an inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances

wheal

is an itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by blow or scratch, the bite of an insect, urticaria (skin allergy), or the sting of a nettle

ulcer

is an open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by loss of skin depth and possibly weeping of fluids or pus

macule

is any flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle or red spot, left after a pimple has healed

albinism

is congential hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment in the body, including the skin, hair and eyes

crust

is dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing; an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material

The main food source for acne bacteria

is fatty acids, which are easily obtained from the abundance of sebum in the follicle

bromhidrosis

is foul- smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet, that is caused by bacteria

genetic aging

is how our parents' skin aged, their skin coloring and resistance to sun damage

squamous cell carcinoma

is more serious than basal cell carcinoma and often is characterized by scaly red papules or nodules

hypopigmentation

is the absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches

gravity

is the constant pulling downward on our skin and bodies

basal cell carcinoma

is the most common and the least severe type of skin cancer; it is often characterized by light or pearly nodules

hyperpigmentation

means darker than normal pigmentation, appearing as dark splotches

hypertrophy

of the skin is an abnormal growth of the skin

cosmetologists

refer clients with medical issues to dermatologists more than other type of physician

lentigines

singular: lentigo, is the technical term for freckles, small yellow- colored to brown- colored spots on skin exposed to sunlight and air

B is for Border

the border is irregular on these lesions

As we age

the collagen and elastin fibers of the skin naturally weaken