Mine Surveying
Chute
A channel or trough underground, or inclined trough above ground, through which ore falls or is shot by gravity to a lower level
Headframe
A construction at the top of a shaft which houses hoisting equipment
Cone
A funnel shaped excavation at the top of a raise, and is used to collect rocks from above
Drift
A horizontal opening in or near a mineral deposit and parallel to the course of the vein or the long dimension of the deposit
Slot
A part of the ore that is excavated for further stoping
Drawpoint
A place where ore can be loaded and removed. It is located beneath the stoping area, and gravity flow is used to transfer the ore to the loading place.
Shaft
A vertical or inclined excavation in a mine extending downward from the surface or from some interior point as a principal opening
Cage
An elevator for workers and materials in a mine shaft
Bedded Deposit
An ore deposit of tabular form that lies horizontally or slightly inclined and parralel usually to the stratification of the enclosing rocks
Ramp
An underground passageway that connects levels
Dip
Angle of inclination of the vein from the horizontal plane
Grizzly
Arrangement that prevents oversized rocks from entering an ore system
Face
End of a drift, cross cut or bedded deposit
Outcrop
Exposed part of vein
Sill
Floor
Cross Cut
Horizontal opening from the shaft to a vein in order to reach the ore zone
Adit
Horizontal or nearly horizontal passage driven from the surface for working or dewatering a mine
Level
Horizontal passage or drift which starts from shafts and are commonly spaced at regular intervals in depth. Numbered by surface or designated by actual elevation
Strike
Line of intersection between the vein and the horizontal plane
Waste
Mined rocks that do not contain minerals
Ore
Mineral deposit that can be worked at a profit under existing economic conditions
Entry
Passageway of permanent nature
Ore pass
Passageway that lets ore pass by gravity between levels
Minerals
Refers to all naturally occuring inorganic substances in any state
Collar
Support around the top of the shaft
Back
The top of a drift, cross cut or stope. Also called roof
Vein
Thin deposit of minerals between definite boundaries
Tunnel
Underground passageway with atmosphere at both openings
Stope
Underground working room
Gangue
Unwanted material also mined
Finger Raise
Used for transferring ore
Mining Surveys
Utilizes principles for control, land geologic and topo surveying to control, locate and map underground and surface works related to mining ops
Winze
Vertical or inclined opening driven down from a point in mine to connect with a lower level
Raise
Vertical or inclined opening driven upwards in an ore from a level
Rib
Wall in an entry
Hanging Wall
wall on upper side of vein
Foot Wall
wall/rock under a vein
Back fill
waste rock or other material used to prevent caving