Minerals and the Rock Cycle

A type of rock that forms deep within the Earth when magma solidifies is called ________

Igneous

A type of rock that forms under high temperature and pressure but is not exposed to enough heat to melt the rock is _________

Igneous

When magma or lava cools down enough, it solidifies to form _____________

Igneous rock

What's the difference between intrusive and extrusive rock?

Intrusive rock forms from magma that solidifies while still underground, while extrusive rock forms from magma that solidifies after it has reached the surface.

Most fossils come from animals that _________

Lived in the oceans

How is lava different from magma?

Magma is a hot liquid that exists underground. Lava is magma that erupts and flows onto Earth's surface.

What are the three major rock types, and how can they change from one type to another?

The three rock types are igneous, metamorphosis, and sedimentary. Igneous forms when magma cools and solidifies. Sedimentary rock forms when sediment are cemented and compacted together or when minerals crystallize out of sea water. Metamorphic rock forms when the texture or mineral composition of preexisting rock is changed by heat or pressure.

Under increased pressure and heat, the minerals calcite, quartz, and hematite combine and recrystallize to form the mineral garnet. What is this an example of?

This is an example of metamorphism.

What causes the breakdown of rock?

Weathering

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in a sedimentary rock cycle?

Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

What is the layering that occurs in sedimentary rock called?

Stratification

Which is NOT a property that is commonly used to identify minerals?

Texture

If the atoms of a substance are arranged in a specific, repetitive pattern, the substance is _________

A crystalline

What is more reliable in than color in identifying a mineral?

A mineral's streak

What is the color of the powder that a mineral leaves on a piece of white, unglazed porcelain called?

A mineral's streak

Sedimentary rock is formed when grains of sediment undergo ____________________

Cementation and compaction

The word metamorphic comes from meta- and morphos- meaning ________

Changed shape

The most common classification of minerals is based on _____________

Chemical composition

After they are deposited, sediments, such as sand, are turned into sedimentary rock when they are ________

Compacted and cemented

Name four processes that change rock from one type to another

Four processes that change rock from one type to another are weathering, changes in pressure, melting, and cooling.

What sentences describes gems?

Gems are valued for their beauty, are attractive and sometimes rare, are hard enough to be cut and polished.

Which of the following physical properties can be expressed in numbers?

Hardness

What is the basic building block of many rocks?

Quartz

What, in addition to reclamation, is a good way to reduce the environmental effects of mining?

Recycling

What statement best describes minerals?

Rocks are made of minerals

Which type of rock forms near the Earth's surface without the influence of intense heat and pressure?

Sedimentary

What are the two most common elements in the Earth's crust?

Silicon and oxygen