Minority Groups Final

Which of the following is true of illegal immigrants in the United States

A majority of them pay taxes and do not claim benefits

Which of the following statements is true of Arab Americans?

Arab Americans are diverse in religious tradition.

________ refers to the practice of immigrants sponsoring other immigrants who, in turn, sponsor still more.

Chain immigration

________ refers to the efforts to ensure that hazardous substances are controlled so that all communities receive protection regardless of race or socioeconomic circumstance.

Environmental justice

____ are set apart from others because of their national origin or distinctive cultural patterns

Ethnic groups

Luca claims his ancestors came from the country that was the largest single source of White immigrants to the United States. His ancestors were most likely from ________.

Germany

Which of the following statements is true of immigration from Mexico?

Immigration from Mexico has been a continuous large-scale movement for most of the last hundred years.

An ordinary crime is defined as a(n) ________ when offenders are motivated to choose a victim because of some characteristic-for example, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or disability-and provide evidence that hatred prompted them to commit the crime.

Institutional discrimination

Which of the following is true of the Allotment Act of 1887?

It assumed the Native Americans would become homesteaders.

Which of the following accurately defines nativism?

It refers to beliefs and policies favoring native-born citizens over immigrants.

Which of the following statements best describes civil religion

It refers to the religious dimension that merges public life with sacred beliefs

What is the dry foot policy?

It refers to the rule that allows asylum to Cubans who reach the United States.

Which of the following statements is true of pan-Indianism

Its proponents see the tribes as captive members

When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a crowded bus to a White man, her defiance led to the organization of the

Montgomery Improvement Association

Which of the following statements is true of the portrayal of racial and ethnic minorities in television?

Racial and ethnic minorities are far underrepresented in key decision-making positions such as directors, producers, and casting agents.

Which of the following statements is true of wealth inequality?

The median wealth of White households is 13 times that of Black households.

Which of the following statements is true of the 1920s quota system for restricting immigration?

The system favored immigrants from Northern Europe

Which of the following statements is true of the Amish

They are an example of secessionist minorities

Which of the following statements is true on fish-ins

They brought increased public awareness of the deprivations of Native Americans

Which of the following treatments did the Polish Immigrants meet?

They were stigmatized as outsiders

Texas, California, and parts of Arizona and New Mexico were acquired by the United States as a result of the

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The term Borderlands refers to the area of ________.

a common culture along the border between Mexico and the United States

The use of American Indian names as mascots for athletic teams is seen by the Native Americans as

a public insult

Recent research shows that differences in intelligence scores between Blacks and Whites are almost eliminated when ____

adjustments are made for social and economic characteristics

Which of the following terms refers to the positive effort to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities?

affirmative action

The process by which a dominant group and a subordinate group combine through intermarriage to form a new group is known as

amaigamation

The first Africans in colonial America were indentured servants whose children were

born free people

Which of the following terms refers to the immigration to the United States of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed by their home countries?

brain drain

A large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government is know as

denomination

Reluctant liberals are those who

discriminate if there is social pressure to do so.

Redlining refers to the pattern of ________

discrimination against those trying to buy homes in racially changing localities

The Niagara Movement's legacy was

educating a new generation of African Americans in the politics of protest

When the Irish immigrated to America during the Potato Famine, they:

encountered an emerging nativism

The coach of a local basketball team remarked that Ming was quite tall for an Asian. This is an instance of _____

enthophaulism

The term _____ refers to the forced deportation of people, accompanied by systematic violence including death

ethnic cleansing

The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called

ethnocentrism

Which of the following approaches explains how racism can stigmatize a group as inferior so that the victimization of that group can be justified?

exploitation theory

The Irish immigrants who fled to the United States to escape the potato famine were more likely to consist of

families

The ________ refers to the White male advantage experienced in occupations dominated by women.

glass escalator

Which of the following would prevent women from laterally switching jobs within the same company?

glass walls

Jonathan is publicly attacked because of his sexual orientation. This is an example of a(n) ________.

hate crime

Unlike prejudice, discrimination ____

involves behavior that excludes members of a group from certain rights

People's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable living experiences are referred to as ________.

life chances

In the context of the Termination Act, the government orders on the Native Americans resulted in

major economic upheavel for the affected tribes

The act of conferring citizenship on a person after birth is called

naturalization

By the end of the nineteenth century, more and more immigrants to the United States were _____

neither English speaking or Protestant

Membership in a dominant or minority group is _____

not voluntary

Traditionally, Islam permitted men to have multiple wives ________

only if they could economically and emotionally support their wives

The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, is called

panethnicity

According to the spectrum of intergroup relations, the presence of transnationals is an example of

pluralism

____ is defined as a negative attitude toward an entire category of people

prejudice

The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

prohibited hiring illegal aliens.

The sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, transformed, and destroyed is known as _______

racial formation

The term _____ is reserved for minorities and the corresponding majorities that are socially set apart because of obvious physical differences

racial group

When belief in inheritance of behavior patterns is couple with the feeling that certain groups are inherently superior to others, it is called

racism

People living outside their country of citizenship for fear of political or religious persecution are called

refugees

An immigrant group has access to better opportunities and comforts than it had in its home country. However, in comparison with dominant groups in its present country, it feels underprivileged. In this case, the immigrant group is experiencing ________.

relative deprivation

The fact that Italians often are characterized as criminal is an example of ________ toward White ethnics

respectable bigotry

The Bogardus scale was conceptualized to measure ____ empirically

social distance

The concept of race is ______

socially constructed

scapegoating theory says that prejudiced people believe they are

society's victims

Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group is referred to as a(an)

stereotypes

Bing is of Chinese descent. When he first attended his high school in Sacramento, his classmates asked him if he knew Kung fu, the Chinese marital arts. They were surprised when Bing told them that he had no knowledge of Kung fu, Bing's classmates' notion of him represents ____

stereotyping

In sociology, minority refers to the _______ group

subordinate

Which of the following lays emphasis on ethnic food and ethnically associated political issues rather than deeper ties to one's heritage?

symbolic ethnicity

The relocation of all Eastern tribes across the Mississippi River that lasted more than a decade is called ________.

the Trail of Tears

Which of the following refers to the barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified worker because of gender or minority membership?

the glass ceiling

What is the ethnic paradox?

the maintenance of one's ethnic ties in a way that can assist with one's assimilation in larger society

The quotas under the national origin system were based on

the number of people descended from each nationality recorded in the 1920 census

William Ryan's phrase blaming the victim refers to...

the portrayal of the problems of racial and ethnic minorities as their fault

According to which of the following, is there an increase in ethnic interest and awareness in the grandchildren of the original immigrants?

the principle of third generation interest

The lower-class Irish immigrants were referred to as

the shanty Irish

Marielitos refers to

the third wave refugees from Cuba

According to Merton's typology, a person who harbors prejudice but will not discriminate if discrimination cost money or reduces profits is called a(n) ____

timid bigot

The economic impact of immigration of unskilled workers

was a drop in wages due to an increase in the supply of labor

The fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners is known as ________.

xenophobia