MIS Final Exam

APIs

programming hooks, or guidelines, published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perform a task such as send or receive data

Java

programming language, developed by Sun Microsystems, designed to provide true platform independence

scripting languages

programming tool that executes within an application. Languages interpreted within their applications, rather than compiled to run directly by microprocessor

earned media

promotions that are not paid for or owned but rather grow organically from customer efforts or other favorable publicity

programming language

provides standards, syntax, statements, and instructions for writing computer software

acqui-hire

referring to "acquiring" a firm as a way to "hire" talent

boomerangs

returning employees

switching costs

The cost a consumer incurs when moving from one product to another. It can involve actual money spent (e.g., buying a new product) as well as investments in time, any data loss, and so forth.

EDI (Electronic data interchange)

a set of standards for exchanging messages containing formatted data between computer applications

extensible markup language (XML)

a tagging language that can be used to identify data fields made available for use by other applications

wiki

a website anyone can edit directly within a web browser

localization

adapting products and services for different languages and regional differences

Database management system (DBMS)

aka database software - software for creating, maintaining and manipulating data

integrated development environment (IDE)

an application that includes an editor (programmer's word processor), debugger, compiler, other tools

neutral point of view (NPOV)

an editorial style that is free of bias and opinion. Wikipedia norms dictate that all articles must be written in NPOV

social networks

an online community that allows users to establish a personal profile and communicate with others. Large public social networks include Facebook, Linkedin, Google+, Pinterest

feature creep

expansion of the scope of a project

sock puppets

fake online persona created to promote particular point of view, often in praise of a firm

SCRUM ARTIFACTS: Product vision - Product backlog - Sprint backlog - Task board -

- business case for the task and value to be delivered - collection of user stories ("as a user i need _____ so that (reason) - stories are incorporated into next sprint (what needs to be done in next 1-3 weeks) - to do, in progress, testing, done, may include burn down chart showing products completed until reaching zero

Scrum Roles: Product owner: Scrum Master: Team:

- represents voice of customer, helps in setting requirements and accountable for deliverables - runs meetings, keeps teams on process, buffer to external team distractions - small number of task-focused workers, provides design development, analysis, etc

SCRUM CEREMONIES: Sprint planning: Daily scrum: Sprint demo and review and retrospective:

- team planning meeting where stores are fleshed out, goal and scope determined - daily stand up team meeting discuss what completed since previous - demonstration by team of completed work to product owner: what improved for next sprint

elevator pitch

A quickly conveyed business pitch. The term's origin is: "imagine you're unexpectedly in an elevator with an investor, potential employee, etc., and you've got a chance to sell them on your idea."

envelopment

A strategy whereby a firm with a significant customer base adds a feature to an existing product or service and eliminates the need for any rival, stand-alone platforms. Think Apple adding video to cameras, crushing the market for the Flip cam.

Web 2.0

A term broadly referring to Internet services that foster collaboration and information sharing; characteristics that distinctly set "Web 2.0" efforts apart from the static, transaction-oriented Web sites of "Web 1.0." The term is often applied to websites and Internet services that foster social media or other sorts of peer production.

pivot

Altering a product offering, business model, or target market in hopes that the change will lead to a viable business.

Desktop Software

Applications installed on a personal computer, typically supporting tasks performed by a single user

Kotlin

Google's more modern version of Java

applications

Includes desktop applications, enterprise software, utilities, and other programs that perform specific tasks for users and organizations.

IPO

Initial public offering, a corporation's first offer to sell shares to the public

CPM (cost per thousand impressions)

The amount charged every time an ad appears 1000 times (M roman numeral for 1000)

Trackbacks

Links in a blog post that refer readers back to cited sources. Trackbacks allow a blogger to see which and how many other bloggers are referring to their content. A ________ field is supported by most blog software, and while it's not required to enter a _________ when citing another post, it's considered good "netiquette" to do so.

network effect

Metcalfe's Law: when the value of a product increases as number of users expands

Computing Hardware

Physical components of information technology, which includes the computer and its peripherals - Storage devices - Input devices - Output devices

social proof

Positive influence created when someone finds out that others are doing something.

API

Programming hooks or guidelines published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perform a task such as send or receive data.

software development methodologies

SDLC, methods to divide tasks related to software creation and deployment up into tasks targeted at building better products with stronger product management guidelines and techniques

paid media

efforts where an organization pays to leverage a channel or promote a message

SEO

Search Engine Optimization: process of improving a page's organic page rankings (rank in search results)

SMART

Social media awareness and response team. A group tasked with creating policies and providing support, training, guidance, and development expertise for and monitoring of a firm's social media efforts.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Software package that integrates the many functions (accounting, finance, inventory management, human resources, etc) of a business

Software package

Software product offered commercially by a third party

Firmware

Software stored on nonvolatile memory chips

open source software (OSS)

Software that is free and whose code can be accessed and potentially modified by anyone.

embedded systems

Special purpose software designed and included inside physical products (often on firmware). Help make devices smarter, sharing usage information, helping diagnose problems, indicating maintenance schedules, etc

content delivery networks (CDN)

Systems distributed throughout the Internet (or other network) that help to improve the delivery (and hence loading) speeds of Web pages and other media, typically by spreading access across multiple sites located closer to users. Akamai is the largest CDN, helping firms like CNN and MTV quickly deliver photos, video, and other media worldwide.

User interface (UI)

The mechanism through which users interact with a computing device. The UI includes elements of the graphical user interface (or GUI, pronounced "gooey"), such as windows, scroll bars, buttons, menus, and dialogue boxes; and can also include other forms of interaction, such as touch screens, motion sensing controllers, or tactile devices used by the visually impaired.

SDK (Software development kit)

Tools that allow the creation of products or add-ons for a specific operating system or other computing platform

Astroturfing

engineering the posting of positive comments and reviews of a firm's product and services , penalized

freerider problem

When others take advantage of a user or service without providing any sort of reciprocal benefit

colossal walled garden

a closed network or single set of services controlled by one dominant firm

cloud

a collection of resources available for access over the internet

software

a computer program or a collection of programs, tells hardware what to do

liquidity

a liquid market is an efficient market with enough transaction volume to attract a reliable supply of goods at fair, market-rate prices. Cash from reliable economies is often considered to be the most liquid asset

blog rolls

a list of a blogger's favorite blogs. While not always included those that do are often displayed on the right or left column of a blog's main page

hashtags

a method for organizing tweets where keywords are preceded by # character

What you see is what you get

a phrase used to describe graphical editing tools, such as those found in a wiki, page layout program, or other design tool

server (software)

a program that fulfills the requests of a client

service-oriented architecture (SOA)

a robust set of web services built around an organization's processes and procedures

compliance

ensuring that an organization's systems operate within required legal constraints, and industry and organizational obligations

Enterprise software

applications that address needs of multiple users throughout an organization or work group

scrum

approach to organizing and managing agile projects that breaks deliverables into sprints delivered in one to six week increments by teams of fewer than ten.

owned media

communication channels an organization controls

server(hardware)

computer that has been configured to support requests from other computers

Social media

content that is created, shared and commented on by a broader community of users

data harvesters

cybercriminals who infiltrate systems and collect data for illegal resale

agile development

developing work continually and iteratively, with goal of more frequent product rollouts and constant improvement across smaller components of the larger project

total cost of ownership

economic measure of the full cost of owning a product

compile

human centered program code converted (in 1s and 0s) to form understood and executed by a microprocessor

embassy

in the context of social media, an established online presence where customers can reach and interact with the firm. An effective embassy approach uses a consistent firm name in all its social media properties

viral

in this context, info or applications that spread rapidly between users

long tail

in this context, refers to an extremely large selection of content or products. The ______ is a phenomenon whereby firms can make money by offering a near-limitless selection.

wikimasters

individuals often employed by organizations to review community content in order to delete excessive posts, move commentary to the best location, and edit as necessary

deep Web

internet content that can't be indexed by Google and other search engines

griefers

internet vandals and mischief markers; also sometimes referred to as trolls

interpreted

languages where each line of code is converted by software program called "interpreter" for execution at run time rather than microprocessor running them.

inbound marketing

leveraging online channels to draw consumers to the firm with compelling content rather than conventional forms of promotion such as ads

waterfall method

linear sequential approach to software development. Benefits include surfacing requirements up front and creating blueprint to follow through a project.

Blogs

online journal entries usually made in reverse chronological order. _____ typically provide comment mechanisms where users can post feedback for authors and other readers

prediction market

polling a diverse crowd and aggregating opinions in order to form a forecast of an eventual outcome

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)

popular data interchange format, often used to format data when being sent or received via APIs

capability maturity model integration (CMMI)

process improvement approach that can assist in assessing the quality and development of certain organizational business processes and suggest steps for improvement

online reputation management

process of tracking and responding to online mentions of a product, organization, or individual. Services supporting online reputation management range from free google alerts to more sophisticated services that blend computer based and human monitoring of multiple media channels

Platforms

products and services that allow for development and integration of software products and complementary goods.

Platform

products and services that allow for development and integration of software products and other complementary goods. Windows, IOS, Android, and standards that allow users to create Facebook apps are all platforms.

short

profit from falling stock price, sell shares they don't own with an obligation of later repayment

web services

small pieces of code that are accessed via the application server, and permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network

client

software program that makes requests of a server program

application server

software that houses and serves business logic for use (and reuse) by multiple applications

Distributed computing

systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task

supply chain management (SCM)

systems that help firm manage value chain, flow of raw materials into firm through delivery of finished products at point of consumption

customer relationship management (CRM)

systems used to support customer-related sales and marketing activities

roll back

the ability to revert a wiki page to a prior version. This is useful for restoring earlier work in the event of a posting error, inaccuracy, or vandalism

crowdsourcing

the act of taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call

social graph

the global mapping of users and organizations and how they are connected

wisdom of crowds

the idea that a group of individuals often consisting of untrained amateurs will collectively have more insight than a single or small group of trained professionals

operating system

the software that controls the computer hardware and establishes standards for developing and executing applications

Business intelligence systems (BI)

use data created by other systems to provide reporting and analysis for organizational decision making

freerider problem

when others take advantage of a user or service without providing any sort of reciprocal benefit

collaborative consumption (sharing economy)

when participants share access to products and services rather than having ownership. Shared resources can be owned by a central service provider or provided by a community that pools available resources.

peer production

when users work, often collaboratively, to create content and provide services