MIS Final Exam
APIs
programming hooks, or guidelines, published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perform a task such as send or receive data
Java
programming language, developed by Sun Microsystems, designed to provide true platform independence
scripting languages
programming tool that executes within an application. Languages interpreted within their applications, rather than compiled to run directly by microprocessor
earned media
promotions that are not paid for or owned but rather grow organically from customer efforts or other favorable publicity
programming language
provides standards, syntax, statements, and instructions for writing computer software
acqui-hire
referring to "acquiring" a firm as a way to "hire" talent
boomerangs
returning employees
switching costs
The cost a consumer incurs when moving from one product to another. It can involve actual money spent (e.g., buying a new product) as well as investments in time, any data loss, and so forth.
EDI (Electronic data interchange)
a set of standards for exchanging messages containing formatted data between computer applications
extensible markup language (XML)
a tagging language that can be used to identify data fields made available for use by other applications
wiki
a website anyone can edit directly within a web browser
localization
adapting products and services for different languages and regional differences
Database management system (DBMS)
aka database software - software for creating, maintaining and manipulating data
integrated development environment (IDE)
an application that includes an editor (programmer's word processor), debugger, compiler, other tools
neutral point of view (NPOV)
an editorial style that is free of bias and opinion. Wikipedia norms dictate that all articles must be written in NPOV
social networks
an online community that allows users to establish a personal profile and communicate with others. Large public social networks include Facebook, Linkedin, Google+, Pinterest
feature creep
expansion of the scope of a project
sock puppets
fake online persona created to promote particular point of view, often in praise of a firm
SCRUM ARTIFACTS: Product vision - Product backlog - Sprint backlog - Task board -
- business case for the task and value to be delivered - collection of user stories ("as a user i need _____ so that (reason) - stories are incorporated into next sprint (what needs to be done in next 1-3 weeks) - to do, in progress, testing, done, may include burn down chart showing products completed until reaching zero
Scrum Roles: Product owner: Scrum Master: Team:
- represents voice of customer, helps in setting requirements and accountable for deliverables - runs meetings, keeps teams on process, buffer to external team distractions - small number of task-focused workers, provides design development, analysis, etc
SCRUM CEREMONIES: Sprint planning: Daily scrum: Sprint demo and review and retrospective:
- team planning meeting where stores are fleshed out, goal and scope determined - daily stand up team meeting discuss what completed since previous - demonstration by team of completed work to product owner: what improved for next sprint
elevator pitch
A quickly conveyed business pitch. The term's origin is: "imagine you're unexpectedly in an elevator with an investor, potential employee, etc., and you've got a chance to sell them on your idea."
envelopment
A strategy whereby a firm with a significant customer base adds a feature to an existing product or service and eliminates the need for any rival, stand-alone platforms. Think Apple adding video to cameras, crushing the market for the Flip cam.
Web 2.0
A term broadly referring to Internet services that foster collaboration and information sharing; characteristics that distinctly set "Web 2.0" efforts apart from the static, transaction-oriented Web sites of "Web 1.0." The term is often applied to websites and Internet services that foster social media or other sorts of peer production.
pivot
Altering a product offering, business model, or target market in hopes that the change will lead to a viable business.
Desktop Software
Applications installed on a personal computer, typically supporting tasks performed by a single user
Kotlin
Google's more modern version of Java
applications
Includes desktop applications, enterprise software, utilities, and other programs that perform specific tasks for users and organizations.
IPO
Initial public offering, a corporation's first offer to sell shares to the public
CPM (cost per thousand impressions)
The amount charged every time an ad appears 1000 times (M roman numeral for 1000)
Trackbacks
Links in a blog post that refer readers back to cited sources. Trackbacks allow a blogger to see which and how many other bloggers are referring to their content. A ________ field is supported by most blog software, and while it's not required to enter a _________ when citing another post, it's considered good "netiquette" to do so.
network effect
Metcalfe's Law: when the value of a product increases as number of users expands
Computing Hardware
Physical components of information technology, which includes the computer and its peripherals - Storage devices - Input devices - Output devices
social proof
Positive influence created when someone finds out that others are doing something.
API
Programming hooks or guidelines published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perform a task such as send or receive data.
software development methodologies
SDLC, methods to divide tasks related to software creation and deployment up into tasks targeted at building better products with stronger product management guidelines and techniques
paid media
efforts where an organization pays to leverage a channel or promote a message
SEO
Search Engine Optimization: process of improving a page's organic page rankings (rank in search results)
SMART
Social media awareness and response team. A group tasked with creating policies and providing support, training, guidance, and development expertise for and monitoring of a firm's social media efforts.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
Software package that integrates the many functions (accounting, finance, inventory management, human resources, etc) of a business
Software package
Software product offered commercially by a third party
Firmware
Software stored on nonvolatile memory chips
open source software (OSS)
Software that is free and whose code can be accessed and potentially modified by anyone.
embedded systems
Special purpose software designed and included inside physical products (often on firmware). Help make devices smarter, sharing usage information, helping diagnose problems, indicating maintenance schedules, etc
content delivery networks (CDN)
Systems distributed throughout the Internet (or other network) that help to improve the delivery (and hence loading) speeds of Web pages and other media, typically by spreading access across multiple sites located closer to users. Akamai is the largest CDN, helping firms like CNN and MTV quickly deliver photos, video, and other media worldwide.
User interface (UI)
The mechanism through which users interact with a computing device. The UI includes elements of the graphical user interface (or GUI, pronounced "gooey"), such as windows, scroll bars, buttons, menus, and dialogue boxes; and can also include other forms of interaction, such as touch screens, motion sensing controllers, or tactile devices used by the visually impaired.
SDK (Software development kit)
Tools that allow the creation of products or add-ons for a specific operating system or other computing platform
Astroturfing
engineering the posting of positive comments and reviews of a firm's product and services , penalized
freerider problem
When others take advantage of a user or service without providing any sort of reciprocal benefit
colossal walled garden
a closed network or single set of services controlled by one dominant firm
cloud
a collection of resources available for access over the internet
software
a computer program or a collection of programs, tells hardware what to do
liquidity
a liquid market is an efficient market with enough transaction volume to attract a reliable supply of goods at fair, market-rate prices. Cash from reliable economies is often considered to be the most liquid asset
blog rolls
a list of a blogger's favorite blogs. While not always included those that do are often displayed on the right or left column of a blog's main page
hashtags
a method for organizing tweets where keywords are preceded by # character
What you see is what you get
a phrase used to describe graphical editing tools, such as those found in a wiki, page layout program, or other design tool
server (software)
a program that fulfills the requests of a client
service-oriented architecture (SOA)
a robust set of web services built around an organization's processes and procedures
compliance
ensuring that an organization's systems operate within required legal constraints, and industry and organizational obligations
Enterprise software
applications that address needs of multiple users throughout an organization or work group
scrum
approach to organizing and managing agile projects that breaks deliverables into sprints delivered in one to six week increments by teams of fewer than ten.
owned media
communication channels an organization controls
server(hardware)
computer that has been configured to support requests from other computers
Social media
content that is created, shared and commented on by a broader community of users
data harvesters
cybercriminals who infiltrate systems and collect data for illegal resale
agile development
developing work continually and iteratively, with goal of more frequent product rollouts and constant improvement across smaller components of the larger project
total cost of ownership
economic measure of the full cost of owning a product
compile
human centered program code converted (in 1s and 0s) to form understood and executed by a microprocessor
embassy
in the context of social media, an established online presence where customers can reach and interact with the firm. An effective embassy approach uses a consistent firm name in all its social media properties
viral
in this context, info or applications that spread rapidly between users
long tail
in this context, refers to an extremely large selection of content or products. The ______ is a phenomenon whereby firms can make money by offering a near-limitless selection.
wikimasters
individuals often employed by organizations to review community content in order to delete excessive posts, move commentary to the best location, and edit as necessary
deep Web
internet content that can't be indexed by Google and other search engines
griefers
internet vandals and mischief markers; also sometimes referred to as trolls
interpreted
languages where each line of code is converted by software program called "interpreter" for execution at run time rather than microprocessor running them.
inbound marketing
leveraging online channels to draw consumers to the firm with compelling content rather than conventional forms of promotion such as ads
waterfall method
linear sequential approach to software development. Benefits include surfacing requirements up front and creating blueprint to follow through a project.
Blogs
online journal entries usually made in reverse chronological order. _____ typically provide comment mechanisms where users can post feedback for authors and other readers
prediction market
polling a diverse crowd and aggregating opinions in order to form a forecast of an eventual outcome
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
popular data interchange format, often used to format data when being sent or received via APIs
capability maturity model integration (CMMI)
process improvement approach that can assist in assessing the quality and development of certain organizational business processes and suggest steps for improvement
online reputation management
process of tracking and responding to online mentions of a product, organization, or individual. Services supporting online reputation management range from free google alerts to more sophisticated services that blend computer based and human monitoring of multiple media channels
Platforms
products and services that allow for development and integration of software products and complementary goods.
Platform
products and services that allow for development and integration of software products and other complementary goods. Windows, IOS, Android, and standards that allow users to create Facebook apps are all platforms.
short
profit from falling stock price, sell shares they don't own with an obligation of later repayment
web services
small pieces of code that are accessed via the application server, and permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network
client
software program that makes requests of a server program
application server
software that houses and serves business logic for use (and reuse) by multiple applications
Distributed computing
systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task
supply chain management (SCM)
systems that help firm manage value chain, flow of raw materials into firm through delivery of finished products at point of consumption
customer relationship management (CRM)
systems used to support customer-related sales and marketing activities
roll back
the ability to revert a wiki page to a prior version. This is useful for restoring earlier work in the event of a posting error, inaccuracy, or vandalism
crowdsourcing
the act of taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call
social graph
the global mapping of users and organizations and how they are connected
wisdom of crowds
the idea that a group of individuals often consisting of untrained amateurs will collectively have more insight than a single or small group of trained professionals
operating system
the software that controls the computer hardware and establishes standards for developing and executing applications
Business intelligence systems (BI)
use data created by other systems to provide reporting and analysis for organizational decision making
freerider problem
when others take advantage of a user or service without providing any sort of reciprocal benefit
collaborative consumption (sharing economy)
when participants share access to products and services rather than having ownership. Shared resources can be owned by a central service provider or provided by a community that pools available resources.
peer production
when users work, often collaboratively, to create content and provide services