MNGT 301 || Chapter 10: Organizational Change and Innovation: Lifelong Challenges for the Exceptional Manager

Which of the following is an example of political pressure creating an external force for change? Multiple choice question. An emerging technology A competitor's product A tobacco tax A decrease in demand

A tobacco tax

What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change? Multiple select question. Change agent characteristics Employee characteristics Competitor characteristics Market characteristics

Change agent characteristics Employee characteristics

Which changes are most likely to result in employee resistance? Multiple choice question. Changes that improve employee job security Changes that preserve company cultural traditions Changes that involve an aligned reward system Changes that are introduced in an insensitive manner

Changes that are introduced in an insensitive manner

During which phase of Lewin's model of change is it most important for managers to act as role models and mentors and to provide benchmarking results? Multiple choice question. Refreezing Unfreezing Innovating Changing

Changing

What are the stages of the Lewin model for change? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Changing Unfreezing Shattering Refreezing

Changing Unfreezing Refreezing

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization? Multiple choice question. Demographic characteristics Customer demands Market changes Supplier practices

Demographic characteristics

During the past several months, Diah has lost trust in her manager, Casey, due to some of his decisions regarding his employees. He is now trying to change the way employees report their time and are paid. What is the most likely reaction Diah will have to this change? Multiple choice question. Diah will help Casey implement and monitor the changes. Diah will be resistant to the changes Casey is implementing. Diah will be a champion for the changes Casey is implementing. Diah will accept the changes without complaint.

Diah will be resistant to the changes Casey is implementing.

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change? Multiple choice question. Good timing Disruption of group relationships Reinforcement of reward systems A climate of trust

Disruption of group relationships

Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization? Multiple choice question. Productivity Education Job satisfaction Petroleum prices

Education

Which of the following is an internal force for change? Multiple choice question. Technological advancements Employee problems Demographic characteristics Market changes

Employee problems

True or false: An employee's personal adaptability plays a relatively insignificant role in his or her resistance to change.

False

Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change? Multiple choice question. Peer pressure Fear of failure Climate of mistrust Personality conflict

Fear of failure

Which of these tasks is analytic and involves problem solving and abstract reasoning? Multiple choice question. Routine cognitive services Information handling Assembly-line work Knowledge work

Knowledge work

Which factors commonly cause employees to resist change? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Loss of status or job security Peer pressure Fear of the unknown Familiarity with innovation

Loss of status or job security Peer pressure Fear of the unknown

Demand for organic foods has increased dramatically as Americans have become more aware of the effects of pesticides and other harmful chemicals in food. This exemplifies which force for change outside the organization? Multiple choice question. Market changes Demographic characteristics Technological advances Supplier practices

Market changes

Which statements are true about how offshore suppliers impact how we work? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Offshore suppliers generally result in greater costs for U.S. based companies. Offshore suppliers mean that manufacturers are not bringing jobs to the United States. Offshore suppliers have enabled some U.S. jobs to become more productive. Offshore suppliers have resulted in the loss of some U.S. jobs.

Offshore suppliers have enabled some U.S. jobs to become more productive. Offshore suppliers have resulted in the loss of some U.S. jobs.

During which stage of Lewin's change model are new employee attitudes and behaviors integrated into their normal way of doing things? Multiple choice question. Changing Refreezing Unfreezing Innovating

Refreezing

During which stage of Lewin's change model should managers encourage employees to exhibit the new behaviors and then reinforce employees making the desired change? Multiple choice question. Changing Refreezing Innovating Unfreezing

Refreezing

Which of the following best describes "demassification"? Multiple choice question. Offering mainstream products to a broad marketplace Eliminating bottlenecks in distribution Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups Offshoring jobs to countries with cheaper labor and production costs

Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups

Tameka's company is introducing a new invoicing and billing system. As Tameka is presenting the new system to the accounting team, she is careful to explain why the changes are important. By the time she is done, the accounting team has shown their acceptance of the new procedures. This is likely because ______. Multiple choice question. Tameka has used peer pressure the accountants have no fear of failure Tameka has used tact the accountants are predisposed to like change

Tameka has used tact

The public library in Emily's town wants patrons to scan their own books to check them out instead of having library employees do it. At first, the employees felt that this approach would create an impersonal way to check out books, but management has encouraged the employees to let go of the old way of doing things by explaining to them that they will be more useful working as information specialists in another area of the library. Which stage of Lewin's change model does this represent? Multiple choice question. Unfreezing Changing Innovating Refreezing

Unfreezing

Place the stages of Lewin's model of change in the correct order, with the first stage listed at the top and the final stage listed at the bottom. Unfreezing Refreezing Changing

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing

The company Tonya works for has been eliminating jobs in order to reduce costs, but the CEO was recently given a bonus of several million dollars. The likely cause of her resistance to the current organizational change is ______. Multiple choice question. a climate of mistrust fear of failure fear of the unknown peer pressure

a climate of mistrust

Laila loves her immediate supervisor, her co-workers, and her job, but she does not like her supervisor's boss, Hamid. When he decides to institute some new policies that impact Laila, she is automatically resistant. This is most likely due to ______. Multiple choice question. poor timing of the changes a nonreinforcing reward system a personality conflict peer pressure

a personality conflict

Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______. Multiple choice question. surprising employees with changes using a nonreinforcing reward system being open and honest about changes breaking up group relationships

being open and honest about changes

The person who is a catalyst in helping an organization change is the ______. Multiple choice question. top executive innovation leader innovator change agent

change agent

Xenod Capital just enlisted the help of Alejandra, a consultant with a background in behavioral science. She is going to help them apply new methods to dealing with old problems. Alejandra is an example of a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. ambassador of innovation unfreezing artist change agent readiness agent

change agent

In some parts of the United States, guns are sold at Walmart stores. Some people refuse to shop at those stores. At the extreme, everyone would refuse to shop at those stores. In that hypothetical situation, ______ are acting as an external force for change. Multiple choice question. customers governing bodies shareholders employees

customers

Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______. Multiple choice question. fear of failure disruption of the group relationship a nonreinforcing reward system loss of job security

disruption of the group relationship

The introduction of the DVD-by-mail business model by Netflix changed the video rental business and caused the demise of Blockbuster Video. This is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. reactive change disruptive innovation adaptive change incremental innovation

disruptive innovation

The process through which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then moves up, eventually displacing established companies, is referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. incremental innovation adaptive change reactive change disruptive innovation

disruptive innovation

Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to ______. Multiple choice question. peer pressure fear of failure personality conflicts poor timing

fear of failure

Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______. Multiple choice question. lacks a reinforcing reward system is resulting in a loss of status is being done in a climate of mistrust creates peer pressure

is resulting in a loss of status

Employees are more likely to resist change if ______. Multiple choice question. they do not fear failure they trust their leaders it is a surprise it preserves company culture

it is a surprise

Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the Marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______. Multiple choice question. personality conflicts poor timing fear of failure peer pressure

peer pressure

To reduce employee resistance, rewards systems should ______ proposed changes. Multiple choice question. compound disrupt contradict reinforce

reinforce

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______. Multiple choice question. adaptive change resistance to change innovative change creativity

resistance to change

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business. Multiple choice question. supertrends discontinuous trends microtrends niche trends

supertrends

Manufacturing automation and office automation are examples of ______ that are forces for change outside the organization. Multiple choice question. supplier practices social and political pressures technological advancements demographic characteristics

technological advancements

Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product qualifies as ______. Multiple choice question. technology automation intelligence production

technology

In order to overcome employee resistance to innovative change, change agents must first have a ______. Multiple choice question. complete sense of control trusting relationship clear hierarchy dominant personality

trusting relationship

Which of the following are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. The overall speed of product releases is decreasing. Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not from information. Simple, one-size-fits-all solutions are becoming more popular. The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers.

Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not from information. The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers.

Which statement about the need for faster speed-to-market is true? Multiple choice question. Competitors may be in and out of the market within days. Pop-up stores are an ineffective way to increase speed-to-market. Achieving faster speed-to-market requires skipping consumer trials. Faster speed-to-market is only possible for small companies.

Competitors may be in and out of the market within days.

True or false: Offshore suppliers have resulted in labor savings for companies, but they have only hurt U.S. jobs.

False

Which factors are likely to cause resistance to change? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Fears about job security Reinforcement of rewards systems Preservation of cultural traditions The potential for loss of status

Fears about job security The potential for loss of status

Which of the following is a common cause of employee resistance to change? Multiple choice question. A climate of trust Peer pressure Personality agreement Reinforcing reward systems

Peer pressure

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change? Multiple choice question. Preservation of group relationships Good timing A climate of trust Personality conflicts

Personality conflicts

Why are many of the low-level employees who were formerly referred to as knowledge workers increasingly being called data workers? Multiple choice question. They are performing more abstract reasoning and problem solving. They have been replaced by AI. They no longer add much value to information processing. There is no longer a need for knowledge workers.

They no longer add much value to information processing.

True or false: The pressure exerted by internal forces for change may be subtle or very dramatic.

True

What are companies doing to respond effectively to the increasing segmentation of the marketplace? Multiple choice question. Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages Following a traditional sales model Engaging in conversations with individual consumers Promoting the same product to all potential customers

Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

One of Raiza's coworkers recently quit. Instead of hiring someone new, the company has decided to reorganize Raiza's department and reassign tasks. The result is that Raiza and her coworkers will each have more work but will not receive any additional pay. Everyone in the department is resisting these changes, most likely as a result of ______. Multiple choice question. peer pressure loss of job security and status poor timing a nonreinforcing reward system

a nonreinforcing reward system

A consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who works as a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways is called a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. innovation specialist creativity agent change agent recruiter

change agent

Leadership style, personality, tactfulness, and sense of timing are all ______ characteristics that can contribute to employee resistance to change. Multiple choice question. coworker relationship employee societal change-agent

change-agent

Employees need to be given the tools for change, and managers can help by providing role models, mentors, experts, and training during the ______ stage. Multiple choice question. changing refreezing innovating unfreezing

changing

An employee's individual differences, perceptions of change, and actions and inactions make up that employee's ______. Multiple choice question. leadership style characteristics adaptability employment status

characteristics

Organizational ______ is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective. Multiple choice question. value development mission production

development

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______. Multiple choice question. diagnosis development placement intervention

development

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______. Multiple choice question. the move will result in dissolution of group relationships the company is promoting a climate of mistrust she has a great fear of surprises her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______. Multiple choice question. how much they enjoy their jobs whether or not they are highly educated how they were taught to handle change as children how long they have been working for the organization

how they were taught to handle change as children

Concerns about the environment and pressure to reduce the amount of waste produced has led several cities to enact laws banning plastic bags, which has in turn promoted a rise in the production and availability of reusable canvas bags. This is an example of ______ acting as external forces for change. Multiple choice question. technological advancements demographic characteristics shareholder influences social and political pressures

social and political pressures

As more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, ______ is emerging as a necessary and powerful competitive weapon. Multiple choice question. speed raw materials money human resources

speed

According to Lewin's model of change, during the first stage, referred to as the ______ stage, managers need to instill in employees the motivation to change by encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to motivation. Multiple choice question. refreezing innovating freezing unfreezing

unfreezing