MNO Exam

SAS Institute advocates its employees create work/life balance by suggesting, "If you are working more than______, you are just adding bugs."

8 hours a day

__________ __________ programs are those designed to recruit, promote, train and retain employees belonging to a protected class.

Affirmative Action

1. Compare and contrast Maslow's hierarchy of needs to Alderfer's ERG theory.

Both Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Alderfer's ERG theory are need-based theories. Maslow suggests there are five basic human needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization, which are arranged in a hierarchy. As one need is satisfied, the next need in the hierarchy drives behavior. Alderfer modifies Maslow's theory by proposing that there are three needs, existence, relatedness and growth. These needs are not arranged hierarchically, but grouped as categories. Consequently Alderfer is proposing that more than one need may operate at any time. In addition, Alderfer proposes a "frustration-regression hypothesis" in his theory. The hypothesis suggests that individuals who are frustrated when trying to satisfy one need may regress to another.

____are cultures where people tend to have stronger bonds to their groups and group membership forms a person's self-identity, whereas ________ ___________are cultures where people tend to define themselves as individuals and form looser ties with their groups.

Collectivistic, individualistic

______________ is the one personality trait that uniformly predicts how high a person's performance will be across a variety of jobs.

Conscientiousness

_____________ _____________ is a person's capability to understand how a person's cultural background influences one's behavior.

Cultural intelligence

1. __________________ is the degree to which the outcomes received from the organization are perceived to be fair. 1. You just got a promotion, one which you feel you deserve after all your hard work. You perceive high ______________________.

Distributive justice

1. ________________ is a personality trait that explains different reactions to inequity.

Equity sensitivity

______________ is the belief that one's own culture is superior to other cultures.

Ethnocentrism

Instrumental values are end states people desire in life.

False

Successful organizations tend to limit the amount of information shared by maintaining a centralized structure.

False

There is usually a strong relationship between good person-organization fit and high job performance.

False

Value orientations change dramatically as individuals age and mature.

False

When people fit their jobs, they experience higher levels of stress.

False

A society that views an unequal distribution of power as relatively acceptable would be categorized as a _______ _________ ___________culture.

High power distance

Cultures that are comfortable in unpredictable situations and have high tolerance for ambiguity are called ________ ____________ _________ cultures.

Low uncertainty avoidance

A ________ culture values achievement, competitiveness and the acquisition of money and other material objects.

Masculine

1. Of the need-based theories mentioned in the text, ________________________ theory has received the most support from research.

McClelland's acquired needs

The statistical technique used by researchers to summarize what other researchers have found on a given topic is called __________.

Meta analysis

__________ _________ says computing power doubles every two years.

Moore's law

______________ is defined as relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has.

Personality

1. ______________ motivation theories see motivation as a rational process.

Process-based

__________ suggests that values are arranged in hierarchical order.

Rokeach

The dramatic drop in sales was discussed at the weekly company meeting. The manufacturing manager kept looking at the production-related aspects of the problem while the marketing manager concentrated on the promotional aspects. ____________________ explains why these two managers were focusing on their specific areas and ignoring others.

Selective perception

1. Li Cho is participating in a study in which after looking at a picture, she will write a story describing the person in the picture, what that person is doing and why. Li Cho is using a _________________________ to assess motivation themes.

Thematic Apperception Test

1. Filtering, emotional disconnects, and lack of credibility are all barriers to effective communication.

True

A risk-averse individual is generally a poor fit for a high-tech firm in a dynamic environment.

True

Behavior is a function of the person and the situation interacting with each other.

True

Person-job fit is positively related to job satisfaction.

True

When our __________ match the demands of the job, we tend to be more satisfied.

abilities

Predictors of __________include health problems, work-life balance issues, poor work attitudes and age of the employee. .__________ refers to unscheduled absences from work.

absenteeism

Individuals high in ___________ are nice, tolerant, kind and warm people who get along well with others and are valuable additions to any team.

agreeableness

An _______ is an opinion, belief or feeling about an aspect of the environment.

attitude

If you prefer to learn by lectures, conversations and videos, you are a(n) __________ learner.

auditory

The downside of a ______ __________ is that it may not be generalizable from the single situation to other situations and organizations.

case study

Predictors of _______________ include how we are treated at work, personality, positive work attitudes and age of the employee.

citizenship behaviors

Effective organizations feature role __________, information sharing and performance feedback.

clarity

Three key factors in understanding attribution are ___________, _____________, and ______________.

consensus, distinctiveness, consistency (cdc)

A single observation is ________, multiple observations are ________.

datum, data

Diversity in values, beliefs and attitudes is called _________ diversity.

deep-level

In general, the higher the ________, the more money you will make

degree you attain

The worst person to conduct an exit interview is the _________ of the departing employee.

departing employee's manager

____________ refers to the ways in which people are similar or different from each other

diversity

1. ___________ are those who expect substantial compensation for little input.

entitled

1. Antonio feels strongly about satisfying his subordinates' __________needs. Therefore, each time one of his employees does an outstanding job on some project, he calls the entire department together to formally recognize the individual's accomplishment.

esteem

_________________ are meetings with departing employees.

exiting interviews

1. The perception that high levels of effort will lead to performance is called __________.

expectancy

When people believe that things happen to them because of luck, other people or a higher being, they are classified as high in _____________________________.

external locus of control

People with high __________ are often effective sales representatives. Individuals high in ____________ are often effective managers and tend to demonstrate inspirational leadership behaviors.

extraversion

Experts suggest that ____________ answers to questions in applicant-matching software is difficult because the candidate can not predict the desired profile.

faking

_______________ could be a serious problem when using personality tests in employee selection because it can change the rank ordering of candidates.

faking

. Marissa is generally a few minutes late for class. She feels that "class will be there, why rush?" Marissa always thinks through how to address problems that arise for her rather than responding first and thinking later. Marissa has a Type A personality.

false

1. A high need for power is always a destructive element in the workplace.

false

1. Adequate notice ensures that there is two-way communication during the performance appraisal process.

false

1. All stress results in negative consequences.

false

1. Americans enjoy much greater leisure time than their European counterparts.

false

1. Attractive women are rated lower if they are employed in non-management jobs and higher if they are in management jobs.

false

1. Benevolents expect to receive substantial compensation for relatively little input.

false

1. Both positive and negative emotions can be contagious, but the spillover from positive emotions lasts longer than negative ones.

false

1. Challenge stressors generally show negative effects on performance, while hindrance stressors generally show positive effects on performance.

false

1. Communication flows upward, downward, and laterally in an organization, but it is not possible for communication to flow diagonally.

false

1. Countries high in power distance respond positively to appraisal systems where lower level employees give feedback to their managers.

false

1. Crucial conversations are discussions where the stakes are high, so opinions need to be in line with the majority in the group.

false

1. Equity theory suggests that those perceiving inequity can react to the situation by having the referent decrease inputs.

false

1. Expectancy theory is a need-based theory.

false

1. Expectancy theory's instrumentality dimension refers to the degree to which one believes that effort leads to performance.

false

1. Extinction is increasing the frequency of desirable behaviors.

false

1. Gift cards as awards to employees are not appreciated because they are often purchased for stores and restaurants that employees do not frequent.

false

1. If I emphasize the word "Max" in the following sentence, "I did not tell Max you were late," it suggests that I might have implied it to people other than Max.

false

1. In China, as in the United States, direct eye contact is important in a communication situation.

false

1. In China, goals high in specificity are more motivational in contrast to the low specificity goals preferred by employees in Western cultures, including the United States.

false

1. In a business e-mail, using a subject line is often unnecessary as it may create unrealistic expectations about the message content.

false

1. In the communication process, noise is found only in the external environment of the communication situation.

false

1. In the most effective performance appraisal meetings, criticism of the individual personality traits is very important.

false

1. In the resistance phase of stress, an outside stressor jolts an individual insisting that something must be done.

false

1. Individuals with a strong social network are more stressed than individuals who do not have such networks because of the increased interpersonal demands of large social networks.

false

1. Job enlargement involves moving employees from job to job at different intervals.

false

1. John's company downsized, and John is now performing his own job plus most of his former coworker Sidney's job. John is now experiencing role ambiguity.

false

1. Leaving employees free to choose job performance methods is an important element of scientific management techniques.

false

1. Listening is an art, not a skill, and thus individuals cannot be trained to be better listeners.

false

1. Michael is an auditory learner. He prefers to learn by actually doing things and from trial and error.

false

1. Most American adults get the appropriate amount of sleep each night.

false

1. Motivation is a function of the interaction between performance, ability and environment.

false

1. Over-rewarded individuals experience a great deal of guilt and will substantially increase their effort to restore feelings of equity.

false

1. Overall, work-life conflict is more problematic for men than women.

false

1. People speak much faster than they hear words.

false

1. Physically active work breaks lead to reduced mental concentration levels and increased mental fatigue.

false

1. Proxemics suggests that standing at an intimate distance to a colleague increases communication effectiveness.

false

1. Research suggests Indian employees are more satisfied when they are empowered in the workplace than their counterparts in the United States or Poland.

false

1. Role conflict is the strongest predictor of poor performance on the job.

false

1. Salary is a motivator in Herzberg's two-factor theory.

false

1. Skill variety and task significance are the most important elements in deciding motivational potential.

false

1. Storytelling is largely an ineffective means of communication as receivers perceive the senders to be largely unable to control the process.

false

1. The General Adaptation Syndrome looks at how events on the job cause different kinds of people to feel different kinds of emotions.

false

1. The communication process is very complex, and thus presents almost insurmountable challenges to understanding and controlling it.

false

1. The customer service representative at the department store who keeps smiling as she listens to the customer bitterly complain about her newly purchased product is engaging in deep acting.

false

1. The link between stress and heart disease has been proven by the American Heart Association to be strong.

false

1. The most effective goals are easy ones.

false

1. The most information-rich communication channel is a formal written document like a report.

false

1. The old adage "Have a good cry" is great advice to deal with stress that has built up in an individual.

false

1. The sender in the communication process is totally responsible for successful, effective communication between the sender and receiver.

false

1. There are two types of communication in organizations: verbal and written.

false

1. Though employees seem more satisfied when their company communicates with them about issues that impact them, effective communication does little to improve the firm's market value.

false

1. To influence instrumentality, make sure rewards are seen as desirable.

false

1. Verbal communication is largely asynchronous.

false

1. Written communication is the most often used form of communication in business.

false

1. You worked really hard on your paper and were very proud to get an A on it. Then you found out that everyone who wrote ten pages or more got an A and now you are upset. You are experiencing high distributive justice.

false

18. A departing employee's manager is the best person to conduct the exit interview.

false

21. The importance of higher general mental ability for high performance is stronger for manual labor positions compared to management positions.

false

23. General mental ability is likely the most important factor explaining employee citizenship behaviors.

false

28. In organizations that have a pay-for-performance system, overall turnover level will be lower.

false

29. Whistleblowers, or people who report wrongdoing, tend to be those who have very high levels of commitment to a company.

false

30. Work-family conflict tends to lower job satisfaction in collectivistic cultures.

false

5. Job satisfaction can be fully explained by the work environment.

false

6. Maria just completed a series of personality assessments and is found to be high on external locus of control and introversion. Based on findings from research, it is likely she also has positive work attitudes.

false

Attitudes are more strongly related to actual behaviors than to intentions to behave.

false

Close-ended survey questions can be very time consuming to summarize and very hard to interpret.

false

Deep-level diversity traits are most important for early interactions in the workplace, but as time goes on, surface-level traits become more important.

false

Disclosing sexual orientation is the key to explaining work attitudes of lesbian, bisexual, gay and transgender employees.

false

Emile is seated in a lecture where the instructor is discussing personality. She is most likely in a sociology class.

false

Employees who are discriminated against are no more likely to leave their jobs than those who have not faced discrimination.

false

Extraverts are always model employees.

false

Extraverts are happier in their work situations and perform much more effectively than introverts

false

Financially there is little incentive to attain a higher level degree.

false

High agreeableness is always a personality trait sought in job candidates.

false

If I am examining how my manager's behavior influences my work group, I am looking at the organizational level of analysis in the organizational behavior discipline.

false

If you don't like your job, you will definitely reduce your job performance

false

In firms pursuing a growth strategy, there is a negative relationship between racial diversity in the firm and company performance.

false

In general terms, the American workforce is growing younger.

false

In high power distance companies, participative decision making is common practice.

false

It is a commonly held stereotype that men are more relationship-oriented than women.

false

Legal complaints charging organizations with discrimination have largely been eliminated due to the passage of a number of laws in the U.S. prohibiting discrimination against protected classes.

false

Low power distance societies view an unequal distribution of power as relatively acceptable

false

Most of management research addresses causation.

false

Nurturing (feminine) cultures are more likely to be characterized by a separation of gender roles than aggressive (masculine) cultures.

false

People are not happy when something unexpected happens, but they are less upset when things are somewhat hidden

false

Race, age, and attitudes are examples of surface-level diversity.

false

Reasonable accommodation for employees with disabilities may require the firm to purchase equipment for the disabled employees' use but does not require any schedule or job duty modifications.

false

Reasonable accommodation for religious reasons does not require schedule modifications although it may require modifications to a firm's dress code.

false

Research by Gallup indicates that only 20% of employees are disengaged from their organization.

false

Research indicates that older employees exhibit higher absenteeism than their younger counterparts.

false

Research indicates that personality tests are an excellent predictor of performance.

false

Research shows that those organizations that are more effective limit the amount of feedback they provide employees, limit the amount of information shared, and allow roles to be ambiguous.

false

Self-efficacy is the degree to which people have overall positive feelings about themselves.

false

Social monitors are especially good at evaluating the performance of other employees.

false

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a very effective employee selection tool.

false

The discipline of organizational behavior is simply common sense.

false

The federal government passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as a long-term solution to dealing with unethical behavior.

false

The three levels of analysis examined by organizational behavior research are individual, organization, and society.

false

Though the glass ceiling was a legitimate issue a few years ago, today the number of women in executive positions of organizations is roughly the same as the number of men at that level.

false

While the American workforce is becoming more diverse, the world's workforce is not.

false

Written communication is best utilized when the ideas are simple.

false

An attribute along which a group is split into subgroups is called a ___________.

faultlines

Maria wonders what the emotional impact of all the downsizing in the auto industry is on the employees. She has made arrangements to interview a dozen employees who have just been downsized from Ford Motor Company. Maria is conducting a ______ _______.

field study

The most powerful influence over job performance is _____________________. _________________ include reasoning abilities, verbal and numerical skills, and analytical skills. Jobs with high complexity need to have employees with high ___________.

general mental ability

Maurice is trying to understand why Mary agrees with him about the cost of the manufacturing program when he talks with her on the phone, but is vehemently opposed when they are in a department meeting. Maurice needs to analyze this issue at the ____________ level.

group

Matching candidates to jobs is a key way of ensuring ________ performance and ____________ turnover in the workplace.

high, low

1. Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation suggests factors that are part of the context in which the job is performed are called _______factors. 1. Herzberg's _______ factors include company policy, supervision, working conditions, security and salary.

hygiene

1. Nina is experiencing feelings of inequity; one way she can address the situation is by ____________ her outcomes.

increasing

The three key levels of analysis in organizational behavior are ________, _______________ and _________________.

individuals, groups, organizations

Broad mindedness, obedience, forgiveness and imagination are examples of _________ values. End states that people desire in life such as a prosperous life are examples of ___________ values.

instrumental, terminal

1. The degree to which employees believe that their performance will result in rewards is called _____________.

instrumentality

The __________ perspective suggests behavior is a function of the person and the situation interacting with each other.

interactionist

The basketball coach says, "This team has to control its own destiny. You cannot be looking to other teams to lose so you can get into the play-offs. Only we can get ourselves into the tournament. We have to take care of our own house." The coach likely has ________________________.

internal locus of control

Maggie loves routine, repetitive tasks and is very risk averse. She loves working as a cashier. This is an example of person/_________ fit.

job

______________ is the degree to which an employee successfully fulfills the factors included in the job description. Predictors of _____________ include general mental abilities, how we are treated at work, stress, and positive work attitudes.

job performance

Because it is likely that U.S. employees will change jobs 12 times in their career, employees should be ___________ learners and continually upgrade their skill set.

life-long

1. Job performance is a function of the interaction between a person's _______, ability, and ___________.

motivation, environment

1. Under McClelland's theory, individuals who focus on goals and deadlines have a ______________________.

need for achievement

1. Clarissa emphasizes frequent harmonious interpersonal relationships. Clarissa has a high ______________________.

need for affiliation

1. ERG theory is to _______________ motivation theories as equity theory is to ______________ motivation theories.

need-based, process-based

A person who is high in ____________ are anxious, irritable, aggressive, temperamental, and moody.

neuroticism

With regard to age, ___________ individuals typically exhibit better citizenship behaviors at work. With regard to age, ________ employees are less likely to be absent from work.

older

A person who is very curious, original, creative and very adaptable to change is high in ________________.

openness

Mark is interviewing with a Wall Street firm. He notes that employees dress in business suits on a daily basis and address each other by Ms. and Mr. He decides that the firm's culture is too conservative for him. Mark is concerned about person/_______________ fit.

organization

_____________________ is the emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for.

organizational commitment

1. In equity theory, an individual's ____________ ratio is compared to the same ratio of a referent.

outcome/input

1. For most employees, ___________________satisfies their physiological needs.

pay

When hiring individuals, companies are interested in two types of fit: __________________ and __________________.

person-org and person-job fit

The tendency to experience positive moods more often than negative ones is __________________________________.

positive affective disposition

1. The professor is praising the student for an outstanding PowerPoint presentation. The professor is practicing ___________________ to get the student to do as well the next time he presents.

positive reinforcement

Raul is highly respected by his colleagues. When there is a problem, he quickly takes the initiative to find a solution and tries to remove all barriers to success. Raul has a _____________ personality.

proactive

1. Monique was hired as an entry level accountant. She found out that the firm decided to hire her after learning that her mother was also an accountant. Monique likely feels low _________________ justice.

procedural

1. Equity and expectancy theories are examples of ________-based theories of motivation.

process

An unwritten understanding about what the employee will bring to the work environment and what the company will provide in exchange is called a ___________________________.

psychological contract

The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical or mental disabilities if they are otherwise qualified to do their jobs with or without _________ _____________.

reasonable accommodations

Mary and Jan are two graphic designers at Master Graphics. They were hired at the same time with the same basic qualifications. Under equity theory, Jan is Mary's ________ or comparison person.

referent

1. _____________________ is a motivation theory based on the work of Ivan Pavlov on behavioral conditioning and B. F. Skinner on operant conditioning.

reinforcement theory

1. Social needs is to Maslow as _______________ is to Alderfer.

relatedness

1. Marcus eagerly uses his company's tuition reimbursement program for an undergraduate degree. Marcus is fulfilling his ____________ need.

self-actualization

You are a manager who believes that all young employees "goof off at work." You therefore limit the number of assignments you give to your young employees. Lately you have noticed that the young employees in your department are texting on their cell phones, playing computer games and just talking to each other quite a bit. This situation is an example of a ____________________.

self-fulfilling prophecy

Gabrielle is a high ________________. She can walk into a meeting and quickly identify the mood and the key interactions between attendees and adapt her behavior accordingly.

self-monitor

Requests for sexual favors or unwelcome sexual advances is _____ _____.

sexual harrasment

The tendency for individuals to be attracted to similar individuals is called the ____________ phenomenon.

similarity-attraction

Demographic traits like race, gender and age are part of _________ diversity.

surface

"It was really nothing. These things happen to me because I happen to be in the right place at the right time." This statement suggests an external locus of control.

true

1. A Forbes magazine survey indicates that the most stressful job in 2017 was that of enlisted military personnel.

true

1. A nonverbal gesture, like the "OK symbol" made in the United States, could be offensive in another culture.

true

1. A press release is intended to appear independent of its sender.

true

1. According to one survey, over half of workers report job stress as an issue for them.

true

1. Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's physiological and safety needs. 1. The frustration-regression hypothesis offered by Alderfer suggests individuals frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need regress to another.

true

1. Blemishes and other skin problems can be outward manifestations of stress.

true

1. Challenge stressors have been shown to relate to increased engagement and performance.

true

1. Communication is the process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior.

true

1. Deficient interpersonal communication was a factor in 70-80% of all accidents over 20 years.

true

1. Downsizing, or the expectation of downsizing, is related to greater absence in the workforce.

true

1. Even though goal setting is a good motivational tool, there is strong evidence that goal setting can also lead to unethical behavior.

true

1. Fish contains dopamine, which when consumed can produce feelings of alertness.

true

1. Flow is the state of consciousness where individuals are totally absorbed in an activity.

true

1. Goal commitment is higher when employees have trust-based relationships with managers.

true

1. Goal setting is one of the most influential theories of motivation.

true

1. High levels of perceived justice create higher levels of employee commitment.

true

1. If used on a short-term basis, relative ranking appraisals may help an organization become more performance-oriented because they tend to weed out employees with persistent performance problems.

true

1. In a pay system based upon commission, rewarding only sales volume could encourage salesmen to heavily discount merchandise.

true

1. In a supermarket study, cashiers rotated through different departments had lower stress levels and less pain in their necks and shoulders.

true

1. In crisis situations, it is extremely important that an executive be the spokesperson for the firm.

true

1. Individuals with a high need for achievement may neglect managerial activities, like coaching, because they view it as a waste of time.

true

1. Information overload negatively impacts employee efficiency and creativity.

true

1. Leniency bias is a common problem in performance appraisals.

true

1. Merit pay is a permanent pay raise based on past performance.

true

1. Mindfulness-based programs are increasingly being utilized by organizations as a way to help employees combat stress at work.

true

1. Motivation is culturally based.

true

1. Nancy goes to work at her job at the university after the December holiday break. She opens her email and finds 312 emails after her vacation. Nancy is experiencing information overload.

true

1. Nonverbal communication is at least as important as verbal communication.

true

1. On the Holmes-Rahe scale, the most stressful life event is the death of a spouse.

true

1. One effective way of achieving procedural justice is to allow employees a voice in decision making.

true

1. One technique to reduce the likelihood of unethical behavior resulting from goal setting is to create multiple levels of goals and distribute rewards according to the goals achieved rather than rewarding only those who reach the highest goal.

true

1. One way to deal with perceived inequity is to decrease your own inputs.

true

1. Organizations can help employees reduce stress by offering them greater autonomy in their jobs, making their job duties clear, and providing employee assistance programs.

true

1. People perceived as fair recognize that what they believe is fair may differ from what others perceive as fair.

true

1. Persistent stress has the potential to place vulnerable individuals at an increased risk for depression.

true

1. Process-based theories view motivation as a rational process.

true

1. Quality expert Edward Deming has advocated for abolishing performance appraisals in the workplace.

true

1. Reinforcement theory is based on behavioral and operant conditioning.

true

1. Research in Western countries suggests that empowerment is an effective tool to motivate employees.

true

1. Research indicates that communication ability is related to a manager's performance.

true

1. Research shows that excessive stress is related to higher turnover and lower job performance.

true

1. Research shows that the psychological state of meaningfulness is the most important state for employee attitudes and behaviors.

true

1. Research suggests that women may be speaking less in high-stakes communication situations like meetings.

true

1. Role conflict is a result of contradictory demands at work.

true

1. Selective perception is the personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our own needs.

true

1. Some research shows that Chinese employees are more motivated than American employees when the goals set for them are very difficult.

true

1. Stress-related issues cost companies billions of dollars annually due to absenteeism, lost productivity, and accidents.

true

1. The "Corporate Athlete" approach to dealing with stress is a reactive approach.

true

1. The job characteristics model is an attempt to design jobs for increased motivational potential.

true

1. The notion of using incentives to increase performance is a very old idea, actually going back to the time of Napoleon.

true

1. The performance appraisal meeting is the most important component of a performance appraisal.

true

1. The sentence construction of the "Isn't it?" question we ask in the United States tends to be confusing for non-native speakers.

true

1. The use of stock options remains a popular incentive technique in start-up organizations.

true

1. The word or term "secretary" is an example of biased language.

true

1. There are cultural differences in the use of nonverbal communication elements like body language and facial expression.

true

1. To reduce the frequency of negative behaviors, remove the rewards that followed those unwanted behaviors.

true

1. What women tend to perceive as "passion" in communication, men tend to view as "too much emotion".

true

1. You are a Walt Disney Company management trainee. The first three months of your job you will be working in the restaurant and hospitality area. The next three months you will be in the merchandising area, followed by three months in lodging and finally, three months in park operations. The Walt Disney management trainee program is designed using the job rotation philosophy.

true

10. Realistic job previews help prevent breaches of the psychological contract.

true

11. Employees are happier at work if they are socially accepted in their work groups.

true

19. The success of work attitude surveys depends on the perceived credibility of management by employees.

true

2. Behavior is influenced by attitudes and situations.

true

20. The most powerful influence on job performance is general mental ability.

true

22. When an employee is treated well, he wants to reciprocate, so he performs his job more effectively.

true

25. Firms with "sick leave" policies tend to have more individuals with unscheduled absences than those with "personal day off" policies.

true

3. Based on the number of studies conducted, job satisfaction is the most important job attitude.

true

4. There is a high degree of overlap between job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

true

7. Person-job fit and person-organization fit are positively related to job satisfaction and job engagement.

true

8. People with positive affective dispositions tend to be more satisfied with their jobs and committed to their companies.

true

9. The job characteristics of autonomy and high skill variety are positively related to organizational commitment.

true

A "shamrock organization" is comprised of one-third regular employees, one-third temporary employees, and one-third consultants and contractors.

true

A face-to-face information channel is high in information richness.

true

A group with three older males and three younger women will have a strong faultline.

true

A kinesthetic (tactile) learner is very likely to avoid taking once a week classes as they require too much sitting and listening time.

true

A more diverse work team produces higher quality decisions because more alternatives are considered.

true

A neat, professional appearance and a firm handshake are two important aspects of an interview because of the lasting impact first impressions make.

true

A primary challenge to be addressed by organizational behavior is managing people of different generations who have different values with regard to teamwork, rewards, and work-life balance.

true

A primary criticism of case studies is that the results of one organization may not be generalizable to other situations and organizations.

true

Access to information has led to an increase in innovation and a "flattening of the world."

true

Access to information is a key factor in empowering employees.

true

According to Affective Events Theory, the six emotions of anger, fear, joy, love, sadness and surprise inspire actions that can benefit or harm others

true

Affirmative action programs are among the most controversial diversity management methods available.

true

An expatriate is an employee who is temporarily assigned to work in a foreign country.

true

Applicant-matching software reduces the time required to hire candidates.

true

Behavior may be affected as much by what is expected of us as how we want to behave.

true

Companies high in uncertainty avoidance prefer predictable situations and have low tolerance for ambiguity.

true

Conscientiousness, more than any other personality trait, predicts how successfully a person performs a variety of jobs.

true

Current research suggests that the average employee will change jobs 12 times in their career.

true

Developing an openness to different experiences is a viable method to prepare oneself for a global career.

true

Employee engagement has a significant impact on the corporate bottom line.

true

Ethical standards held in different societies may emphasize different behaviors as ethical or unethical.

true

Ethnic minorities experience a wage gap and a glass ceiling even more severe than that faced by women.

true

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to other cultures.

true

Family security is a terminal value.

true

Firms like Apple are interested in how products are perceived emotionally because strong positive emotions make individuals more likely to use a product and recommend it to others.

true

Glen is interested in finding out how effective a new incentive program might be in an organization. He chooses two departments to focus on in a company. One department works under the incentive program, one does not. This is an experimental design study.

true

If Dan complains about his instructors being boring every time they lecture, he is demonstrating high consistency.

true

In China, absence from work due to illness is considered relatively unacceptable.

true

In collectivist cultures, the importance of family is critical to understanding the nature of the society.

true

In the United States, the workforce is becoming increasingly multicultural.

true

Individuals with an economic value orientation tend to make more unethical choices.

true

Jacqueline is a college freshman. She loves to sleep late on weekends and assumes that college students in general prefer to sleep late. Jacqueline is making a false consensus error.

true

Journaling is a technique that helps you chart your progress as you learn new skills.

true

Mary said, "I am quite confident in the plan I developed, as I worked quite diligently on it and I have implemented similar programs in similar settings." Mary seems to have high self-efficacy.

true

Meta-analysis has shown that the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is moderately strong.

true

Natalia is assisting new employee Jane by showing her around the facility. This is an example of organizational citizenship behavior.

true

Offshoring and the development of a shamrock organization structure challenges organizational behavior to manage teams made up of employees separated by culture, language, time and space.

true

One of the challenges of using personality tests in employee selection is that the rankings of the candidates who take the test may be affected by their ability to fake.

true

One of the explanations for the wage gap between men and women is that women pursue occupations that are lower-paying than those pursued by men.

true

One rationale provided for the existence of the glass ceiling for women is that women are viewed as being more passive and submissive compared to their male counterparts

true

One suggestion for building a culture that respects diversity is holding managers accountable for diversity-related goals.

true

One tip to remember when working with people with negative affectivity is that you can change someone's personality with relative ease.

true

Organizational behavior is the systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work.

true

Organizational behavior matters because it analyzes what you care about, what employers care about, and what organizations care about

true

Organizational behavior provides organizations the tools to address the technological, societal, and cultural issues arising today and create an environment that is mutually beneficial to the firm and its employees.

true

Our visual perception is biased because we do not perceive objects in isolation.

true

Outsourcing is becoming an increasingly common practice in many organizations.

true

People high in openness are more likely to start their own business than those low in openness.

true

People who are labeled as high social monitors can experience high levels of stress.

true

Positive affective people are absent from work less often.

true

Proactive people understand the political environment in organizations, so they adjust quickly to new jobs.

true

Reliability refers to consistency of measurement, while validity assesses whether the measurement accurately captures what it was intended to measure.

true

Research indicates that groups with strong faultlines can perform well if certain norms are established.

true

Research suggests that age diversity in a work team can lead to higher performance.

true

Research suggests that when we do self-evaluations, our scores are consistently higher than the scores given us by our peers and superiors. This is an example of self-enhancement bias.

true

The Age Discrimination Act makes it illegal to discriminate against employees age 40 or older.

true

The Demand-Control model proposes that employees with high levels of autonomy and control over their jobs will be less stressed

true

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classifies individuals on the basis of types, not traits.

true

The USA, as a country, is considered to have high self-esteem.

true

The concept of always putting work first is outdated

true

The phenomenon of "the folly of rewarding A while hoping for B" suggests that at times, people are rewarded for the wrong kind of behavior.

true

The similarity/attraction phenomenon suggests that individuals are attracted to those who are similar to them.

true

There are a variety of ways to lessen stress in the workplace.

true

Those firms that are categorized as successful tend to pay employees well, train employees, and reduce status differences.

true

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination in employment with regard to race, color, sex, religion and national origin.

true

Predictors of _____________include poor performance, poor work attitudes, stress, personality, and age of the employee.

turnover

1. Nicholas is making sure that his subordinates view rewards offered by the firm as desirable. Nicholas is attempting to influence the _________ element of expectancy theory.

valence

__________ is to accuracy in measurement, as ___________ is to consistency in measurement.

validity, reliability

__________ that are important to people affect the decisions they make, how they perceive their environment, and their actual behavior.

values

1. The XYZ Corporation just announced a new bonus program where managers can provide "on the spot" bonuses for an exceptional job done that day. XYZ is proposing to offer bonuses on a _________________________ schedule.

variable ratio

Research suggests that low power distance cultures value __________more than high power/distance cultures.

voice

The fact that women earn 82% of what men earn demonstrates the _________ _________.

wage gap