MNO Exam 1

All stress on the job is bad.

FALSE

All stress results in negative consequences.

FALSE

Benevolents expect to receive substantial compensation for relatively little input.

FALSE

Both positive and negative emotions can be contagious, but the spillover from positive emotions lasts longer than negative ones.

FALSE

Legal complaints charging organizations with discrimination have largely been eliminated due to the passage of a number of laws in the U.S. prohibiting discrimination against protected classes.

FALSE

Salary is a motivator in Herzberg's two factor theory

FALSE

The most effective goals are easy ones.

FALSE

Work/family conflict tends to lower job satisfaction in collectivistic cultures.

FALSE

Written communication is best utilized when the ideas are simple.

FALSE

______ is a motivation theory based on the work of Ivan Pavlov on behavioral conditioning and B. F. Skinner on operant conditioning.

Reinforcement theory

Behavior is a function of the person and the situation interacting with each other

TRUE

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to other cultures

TRUE

In a supermarket study, cashiers rotated through different departments had lower stress levels and less pain in their necks and shoulders.

TRUE

In collectivist cultures, the importance of family is critical to understanding the nature of the society

TRUE

Job security is an example of Maslow's safety needs

TRUE

Mary said, "I am quite confident in the plan I developed, as I worked quite diligently on it and I have implemented similar programs in similar settings," Mary seems to have high self-efficacy

TRUE

Merit pay is a permanent pay raise based on past performance.

TRUE

Meta-analysis has shown that the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is moderately strong

TRUE

Michael needs to discipline one of his employees. Before doing so, he should make sure the punishment he is administering fits the crime.

TRUE

Mindfulness based programs are increasingly being utilized by organizations as a way to help employees combat stress at work.

TRUE

Motivation is culturally based.

TRUE

Nancy goes to work at her job at the university after the December holiday break. She opens her email and finds 312 emails after her vacation. Nancy is experiencing information overload.

TRUE

Natalia is assisting new employee Jane by showing her around the facility. This is an example of organizational citizenship behavior.

TRUE

Quality expert Edward Deming has advocated for abolishing performance appraisals in the workplace.

TRUE

Research suggests that age diversity in a work team can lead to higher performance

TRUE

Stress related issues cost companies billions of dollars annually due to absenteeism, lost productivity, and accidents.

TRUE

The most powerful influence on job performance is general mental ability.

TRUE

To increase the effectiveness of performance meetings, increase employee participation.

TRUE

To reduce the frequency of negative behaviors, remove the rewards that followed those unwanted behaviors.

TRUE

Using the extinction approach to get a coworker to quit using inappropriate jokes during his conversations means you ignore the jokes instead of laughing at them.

TRUE

What women tend to perceive as "passion" in communication, men tend to view as "too much emotion".

TRUE

The mismatch between emotions, attitudes, beliefs and behavior is _________.

cognitive dissonance

Giving full attention to what other people say, taking time to understand the points made, asking questions as needed, and not interrupting at inappropriate times is called _______.

active learning

Learners who participate ________ by demonstrating, practicing or through a group discussion, typically have a higher retention rate

actively

People high in openness are more likely to start their own business than those low in openness

TRUE

Reinforcement theory is based on behavioral and operant conditioning.

TRUE

Reliability refers to consistency of measurement, while validity assesses whether the measurement accurately captures what it was intended to measure

TRUE

Research in Western countries suggests that empowerment is an effective tool to motivate employees.

TRUE

Research indicates that communication ability is related to a manager's performance.

TRUE

Research indicates that groups with strong faultlines can perform well if certain norms are established

TRUE

Research shows that excessive stress is related to higher turnover and lower job performance.

TRUE

Research shows that the psychological state of meaningfulness is the most important state for employee attitudes and behaviors.

TRUE

Research suggests that when we do self-evaluations, our scores are consistently higher than the scores given us by our peers and superiors,This is an example of self-enhancement bias

TRUE

Research suggests that women may be speaking less in high-stakes communication situations like meetings.

TRUE

Role conflict is a result of contradictory demands at work.

TRUE

Selective perception is the personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our own needs.

TRUE

Some research shows that Chinese employees are more motivated than American employees when the goals set for them are very difficult.

TRUE

The Age Discrimination Act makes it illegal to discriminate against employees age 40 or older

TRUE

The Demand Control model proposes that employees with high levels of autonomy and control over their jobs will be less stressed.

TRUE

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classifies individuals on the basis of types, not traits

TRUE

The USA, as a country, is considered to have high self-esteem

TRUE

The use of stock options remains a popular incentive technique in start up organizations.

TRUE

The word or term "secretary" is an example of biased language.

TRUE

There are a variety of ways to reduce stress in the workplace.

TRUE

There are cultural differences in the use of nonverbal communication elements like body language and facial expression.

TRUE

There is a high degree of overlap between job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

TRUE

_______ refers to an employee leaving an organization.

Turnover

_____ are stable life goals that people have, reflecting what is most important to them.

Values

_____ that are important to people affect the decisions they make, how they perceive their environment, and their actual behavior.

Values

In the resistance phase of stress, an outside stressor jolts an individual insisting that something must be done.

FALSE

Individuals with a strong social network are more stressed than individuals who do not have such networks because of the increased interpersonal demands of large social networks.

FALSE

Instrumental values are end states people desire in life

FALSE

Verbal communication is largely asynchronous.

FALSE

Goal setting is one of the most influential theories of motivation.

TRUE

High levels of perceived justice create higher levels of employee commitment.

TRUE

If Dan complains about his instructors being boring every time they lecture, he is demonstrating high consistency

TRUE

__________cultures are cultures where people tend to have stronger bonds to their groups and group membership forms a person's self-identity, whereas _________cultures are cultures where people tend to define themselves as individuals and form looser ties with their groups

collectivistic ....... individualistic

______ is the process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior.

communication

The communication _______ can include e-mail, phone, in person, or instant message.

medium

Predictors of _______ include how we are treated at work, personality, positive work attitudes and age of the employee.

citizenship behaviors

In accounting, students talk about LIFO and FIFO; these are two examples of shortcuts called _______ that many in the field take to talk in code.

jargon

Affirmative action programs are among the most controversial diversity management methods available

TRUE

Behavior may be affected as much by what is expected of us as how we want to behave

TRUE

The discipline of organizational behavior is simply common sense

FALSE

The link between stress and heart disease has been proven by the American Heart Association to be strong.

FALSE

The most information-rich communication channel is a formal written document like a report.

FALSE

The sender in the communication process is totally responsible for successful, effective communication between the sender and receiver.

FALSE

The three levels of analysis examined by organizational behavior research are individual, organization, and society

FALSE

Communication is the process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior.

TRUE

Companies high in uncertainty avoidance prefer predictable situations and have low tolerance for ambiguity

TRUE

Conscientiousness, more than any other personality trait, predicts how successfully a person performs a variety of jobs

TRUE

Developing an openness to different experiences is a viable method to prepare oneself for a global career

TRUE

Family security is a terminal value

TRUE

When our ______ match the demands of the job, we tend to be more satisfied.

abilities

Predictors of ______ health problems, work-life balance issues, poor work attitudes and age of the employee.

absenteeism

Individual lifestyle choices that one can make to try to decrease feelings of stress include: ________.

diet, exercise, sleep, time management, social support network

The tendency to experience positive moods more often than negative ones is ______

extraversion

The _____ perspective suggests behavior is a function of the person and the situation interacting with each other.

interactionist

_______ is working remotely from home or some other locale during a portion of the workweek.

telecommuting

A message that can be read at any time is ________ unlike a conversation, which is carried out in real time.

written communication

Written communication is the most often used form of communication in business.

FALSE

Firms like Apple are interested in how products are perceived emotionally because strong positive emotions make individuals more likely to use a product and recommend it to others.

TRUE

Firms with "sick leave" policies tend to have more individuals with unscheduled absences than those with "personal day off" policies.

TRUE

Fish contains dopamine, which when consumed can produce feelings of alertness.

TRUE

Flow is the state of consciousness where individuals are totally absorbed in an activity.

TRUE

Job specialization entails breaking down jobs into their simplest components.

TRUE

You worked really hard on your paper and were very proud to get an A on it. Then you found out that everyone who wrote ten pages or more got an A and now you are upset. You are experiencing high distributive justice.

FALSE

Young people exhibit higher citizenship behaviors than older people.

FALSE

Role conflict is the strongest predictor of poor performance on the job.

FLASE

Experts suggest that ______ answers to questions in applicant-matching software is difficult because the candidate can not predict the desired profile.

Faking

The Nucor Steel Company's ______ penalizes low performers, but sets no upper limit on the amount high performers can earn annually.

Incentive system

The downside of a ________ is that it may not be generalizable from one situation to other situations and organizations

case study

Changes to policies, downsizing, and other organizational _______ can cause job insecurity for employees

changes

Three key factors in understanding attribution are _______, _______ and ______.

consensus, distinctiveness ....... consistency

High _______ cultures place a high value on establishing relationships prior to working with others while low ________ cultures "get down to business."

context .... context

Communication fulfills three main functions within an organization including ___________.

coordination, transmission of information, and sharing emotions and feelings

As job satisfaction increases, so does job performance. This is an example of the ________between two variables

correlation

During the resistance phase of stress, the body begins to release _____ and draws on fat and sugar reserves to adjust to the demands of stress.

cortisol

Discussions that are high stakes and where opinions vary and emotions run strong are ________.

crucial conversations

Diversity in values, beliefs and attitudes is called ________diversity

cultural

________ is a person's capability to understand how a person's cultural background influences one's behavior

cultural intelligence

The values, beliefs and customs that exist in a society are the

culture

In general, as level of degree attainment increases, the unemployment rate

decreases

When a person pretends to experience emotions he does not feel, he is engaging in _______.

deep acting

Research suggests Chinese employees are much more motivated by _______ goals than their American counterparts.

difficult

A stressor that detracts from personal goals and prevents growth is a ______ stressor.

distress

You just got a promotion, one which you feel you deserve after all your hard work. You perceive high _____.

distributive justice

______ are symbols that offer clues to the emotional side of words used in e-mail messages.

emoticons

The subject of ________, examined by Daniel Goleman, looks at how people can understand each other more completely by becoming more aware of their own and others' emotions.

emotional intelligence

_________ is the regulation of feelings and expressions for organizational purposes.

emotional labor

Individuals who are experiencing substance abuse problems may seek help from an ________ program, sponsored by their firm.

employee assistance

Employees who feel motivated and have discretion to make decisions about the content and context of their job are ______.

empowered

The process of translating ideas into words is ________

encoding

Alexander is enthused about his firm and consistently uses his talents to further the organization's success. Alexander is an example of a(n) _________ employee

engaged

Antonio feels strongly about satisfying his subordinates' ____. Therefore, each time one of his employees does an outstanding job on some project, he calls the entire department together to formally recognize the individual's accomplishment.

esteem needs

A stressor that causes stress but may also provide opportunities for growth is a ______ stressor.

eustress

The stressor has significantly weakened the individual during the _____ phase of stress.

exhaustion

_______ are meetings with departing employees.

exit Interview

An American citizen working in an American company located in Japan would be called a(n)

expatriate

The perception that high levels of effort will lead to performance is called _____

expectancy

When people believe that things happen to them because of luck, other people or a higher being, they are classified as high in _______.

external locus of control

Individuals high in _____are often effective managers and tend to demonstrate inspirational leadership behaviors.

extraversion

People with high _____ are often effective sales representatives.

extraversion

_______ ensures that there is two-way communication during the appraisal process and the employee's story is heard.

fair hearing

The assumption that whatever quirks we have are shared by many other people is ______.

false consensus error

An attribute along which a group is split into subgroups is called a

faultline

Maria wonders what the emotional impact of all the downsizing in the auto industry is on the employees. She has made arrangements to interview a dozen employees who have just been downsized from Ford Motor Company. Maria is conducting a

field study

________ is a communication barrier where information is withheld or distorted to manage a person's reactions.

filtering

Since _______ are lasting, make sure your résumé is neat in appearance and error free. When interviewing, dress appropriately and greet the interviewer with a firm handshake.

first impressions

The state of consciousness when an individual is totally absorbed by an activity is _______.

flow

A practice that has been widely used by universities that provides long periods of paid time off from the normal routine of work is called a ______.

sabbatical

The philosophy of _______ focuses on the most efficient method to perform a job.

scientific management

A(n)_______learner draws pictures and diagrams and summarizes main points by using charts to help him understand material

tactile

An organizational behavior instructor who develops a unique teamwork project for use in her classroom will have high ______ with the project.

task identity

End states that people desire in life such as a prosperous life are examples of ______ values.

terminal

Li Cho is participating in a study in which after looking at a picture, she will write a story describing the person in the picture, what that person is doing and why. Li Cho is using a ________ to assess motivation themes.

thematic apperception test

"It was really nothing,These things happen to me because I happen to be in the right place at the right time," This statement suggests an external locus of control

TRUE

A "shamrock organization" is comprised of one-third regular employees, one-third temporary employees, and one-third consultants and contractors

TRUE

A Forbes magazine survey indicates that the most stressful job in 2017 was that of enlisted military personnel.

TRUE

A face-to-face information channel is high in information richness.

TRUE

A group with three older males and three younger women will have a strong faultline

TRUE

A more diverse work team produces higher quality decisions because more alternatives are considered

TRUE

A neat, professional appearance and a firm handshake are two important aspects of an interview because of the lasting impact first impressions make

TRUE

A nonverbal gesture, like the "OK symbol" made in the United States, could be offensive in another culture.

TRUE

A press release is intended to appear independent of its sender.

TRUE

A primary challenge to be addressed by organizational behavior is managing people of different generations who have different values with regard to teamwork, rewards, and work-life balance

TRUE

A primary criticism of case studies is that the results of one organization may not be generalizable to other situations and organizations

TRUE

A risk-averse individual is generally a poor fit for a high-tech firm in a dynamic environment

TRUE

Access to information has led to an increase in innovation and a "flattening of the world"

TRUE

Access to information is a key factor in empowering employees.

TRUE

According to Affective Events Theory, the six emotions of anger, fear, joy, love, sadness and surprise inspire actions that can benefit or harm others.

TRUE

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are part of the context of the job

TRUE

According to one survey, over half of workers report job stress as an issue for them.

TRUE

An expatriate is an employee who is temporarily assigned to work in a foreign country

TRUE

Based on the number of studies conducted, job satisfaction is the most important job attitude.

TRUE

Behavior is influenced by attitudes and situations.

TRUE

Blemishes and other skin problems can be outward manifestations of stress.

TRUE

Challenge stressors have been shown to relate to increased engagement and performance.

TRUE

Current research suggests that the average employee will change jobs 12 times in their career

TRUE

Deficient interpersonal communication was a factor in 70-80% of all accidents over 20 years.

TRUE

Downsizing, or the expectation of downsizing, is related to greater absence in the workforce.

TRUE

Employee engagement has a significant impact on the corporate bottom line

TRUE

Employees are happier at work if they are socially accepted in their work groups.

TRUE

Ethical standards held in different societies may emphasize different behaviors as ethical or unethical

TRUE

Ethnic minorities experience a wage gap and a glass ceiling even more severe than that faced by women

TRUE

Even though goal setting is a good motivational tool, there is strong evidence that goal setting can also lead to unethical behavior.

TRUE

Filtering, emotional disconnects, and lack of credibility are all barriers to effective communication.

TRUE

Giving an employee a sales commission every time he makes a sale is an example of a continuous reinforcement schedule.

TRUE

Glen is interested in finding out how effective a new incentive program might be in an organization. He chooses two departments to focus on in a company. One department works under the incentive program, one does not. This is an experimental design study

TRUE

Goal commitment is higher when employees have trust based relationships with managers.

TRUE

If used on a short term basis, relative ranking appraisals may help an organization become more performance oriented because they tend to weed out employees with persistent performance problems.

TRUE

In China, absence from work due to illness is considered relatively unacceptable.

TRUE

In a pay system based upon commission, rewarding only sales volume could encourage salesmen to heavily discount merchandise.

TRUE

In crisis situations, it is extremely important that an executive be the spokesperson for the firm.

TRUE

In the United States, the workforce is becoming increasingly multicultural

TRUE

Individuals with a high need for achievement may neglect managerial activities, like coaching, because they view it as a waste of time.

TRUE

Individuals with an economic value orientation tend to make more unethical choices

TRUE

Information overload negatively impacts employee efficiency and creativity

TRUE

Jacqueline is a college freshman, She loves to sleep late on weekends and assumes that college students in general prefer to sleep late, Jacqueline is making a false consensus error

TRUE

Journaling is a technique that helps you chart your progress as you learn new skills

TRUE

Leaving employees free to choose job performance methods is an important element of scientific management techniques.

TRUE

Leniency bias is a common problem in performance appraisals.

TRUE

Listening is an art, not a skill, and thus individuals cannot be trained to be better listeners.

TRUE

Maria just completed a series of personality assessments and is found to be high on external locus of control and introversion. Based on findings from research, it is likely she also has positive work attitudes.

TRUE

Nonverbal communication is at least as important as verbal communication.

TRUE

Offshoring and the development of a shamrock organization structure challenges organizational behavior to manage teams made up of employees separated by culture, language, time and space

TRUE

On the Holmes Rahe scale, the most stressful life event is the death of a spouse.

TRUE

One effective way of achieving procedural justice is to allow employees a voice in decision making.

TRUE

One of the challenges of using personality tests in employee selection is that the rankings of the candidates who take the test may be affected by their ability to fake

TRUE

One of the explanations for the wage gap between men and women is that women pursue occupations that are lower-paying than those pursued by men

TRUE

One rationale provided for the existence of the glass ceiling for women is that women are viewed as being more passive and submissive compared to their male counterparts

TRUE

One suggestion for building a culture that respects diversity is holding managers accountable for diversity-related goals

TRUE

Individuals high in ______ are nice, tolerant, kind and warm people who get along well with others and are valuable additions to any team.

agreeableness

"Fight or flight" is the reaction to an outside stressor in the first phase, or ______ phase of stress.

alarm

Examples of negative emotions are ________

anger, fear, and sadness

XYZ Company is merging, and everyone on staff believes that job cuts are coming. Many can't function at work and some staff are physically ill. They are suffering from _______

anticipatory stress

An _______is an opinion, belief or feeling about an aspect of the environment.

attitude

The tendency for individuals to be attracted to similar individuals is called the _________ phenomenon

attraction

If you prefer to learn by lectures, conversations and videos, you are a(n) ______learner

auditory

A one-time reward that follows a specific accomplishment is called a ______.

bonus

History suggests that one of the first incentive plans in place was when Napoleon promised 12,000 francs to anyone who could find a way to preserve food for the army. This is an example of a ______.

bonus

Jesse is always tired and irritable. He never wants to do anything or has any energy. He is suffering from ________.

burnout

Applying ethical principles to situations that arise at work is

business ethics

To resolve the issue of biased language, instead of calling an individual a businessman, you should call that individual a __________ .

business person

Applicant-matching software reduces the time required to hire candidates

TRUE

A departing employee's manager is the best person to conduct the exit interview.

FALSE

A happy worker is always a productive worker.

FALSE

A high need for power is always a destructive element in the workplace.

FALSE

Positive emotions include _______.

joy, love, surprise

Americans enjoy much greater leisure time than their European counterparts.

FALSE

Attitudes are more strongly related to actual behaviors than to intentions to behave.

FALSE

There is usually a strong relationship between good person-organization fit and high job performance

FALSE

Attractive women are rated lower if they are employed in nonmanagement jobs and higher if they are in management jobs.

FALSE

Effective organizations feature role ________ information sharing and performance feedback

Clarity

Challenge stressors generally show negative effects on performance, while hindrance stressors generally show positive effects on performance.

FALSE

______ is the one personality trait that uniformly predicts how high a person's performance will be across a variety of jobs.

Conscientiousness

In an experimental design, the group that receives no experimental manipulation is called the _________ group

Control

______ refers to a relationship between two variables.

Correlation

There are two types of communication in organizations: verbal and written.

FALSE

In general, the higher the ________ the more money you will make

Education

_____ are those who expect substantial compensation for little input.

Entitleds

Maurice is trying to understand why Mary agrees with him about the cost of the manufacturing program when he talks with her on the phone, but is vehemently opposed when they are in a department meeting. Maurice needs to analyze this issue at the_______level

Group

_______are tentative guesses on an expected observation that can be tested

Hypotheses

The three key levels of analysis in organizational behavior are

Individual, Group and Organization

_________ says computing power doubles every two years

Moores Law

The_____ is an instrument that groups individuals by type, not trait, and is useful for team-building and training purposes.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Nancy is the new employee and Maureen has decided to talk to her about the dress policy in the firm, the manner in which expense reports are filled out, the employees that tend to sit together at lunch, and various other related issues. Maureen is offering a look at the company's culture that is at the _________ level of analysis

Organization

When hiring individuals, companies are interested in two types of fit: ______ and ________.

Person/job ..... person/organization

_____ is defined as relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has.

Personality

______ motivation theories see motivation as a rational process.

Process-based

_____ suggests that values are arranged in hierarchical order.

Rokeach

______ refers to vagueness as to what your job responsibilities are.

Role ambiguity

The ________ is an organization comprised of one-third regular employees, one-third temporary employees and one-third consultants or contractors

Shamrock organization

Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's physiological and safety needs

TRUE

_______refers to unscheduled absences from work.

absenteeism

If a manager does not want to have a confrontation with an employee or wants to avoid hurting that employee's chances of getting a bonus, he may give the employee a rating higher than warranted. This bias in performance appraisal is called ______.

leniency

Cultures that are comfortable in unpredictable situations and have high tolerance for ambiguity are called _______ cultures

low certainty avoidance

For an exit interview, the person who would conduct the least successful interview is the employee's ______.

manager

The worst person to conduct an exit interview is the _____- of the departing employee.

manager

A ________ culture values achievement, competitiveness and the acquisition of money and other material objects

masculine

In the job characteristics model, ______ is the most important of the three psychological states for employee attitudes and behaviors.

meaningfulness

The job characteristics model features the psychological states of _______.

meaningfulness, responsibility, and knowledge of results

Job performance is a function of the interaction between a person's ______, ability, and _____.

motivation ..... Environment

Clarissa emphasizes frequent harmonious interpersonal relationships. Clarissa has a high _____.

need for affiliation

ERG theory is to _______ motivation theories as equity theory is to ____ motivation theories.

need-bases ...... process-based

Under McClelland's theory, individuals who focus on goals and deadlines have a ________

needs for achievement

Stanley always sees "the glass as half empty." Stanley is probably a ______ person.

negative affective

A person who is high in ______ are anxious, irritable, aggressive, temperamental, and moody.

neuroticism

Anything that interferes with or distorts the message being transformed is _______.

noise

Evidence of the success of Nucor Steel is the low turnover rate and ______ status of the firm.

nonunion

People are not happy when something unexpected happens, but they are less upset when things are somewhat hidden

FALSE

Race, age, and attitudes are examples of surface-level diversity

FALSE

Reasonable accommodation for employees with disabilities may require the firm to purchase equipment for the disabled employees' use but does not require any schedule or job duty modifications

FALSE

With regard to age, ______ employees are less likely to be absent from work.

older

John's company downsized, and John is now performing his own job plus most of his former coworker Sidney's job. John is now experiencing role ambiguity.

FALSE

Low power distance societies view an unequal distribution of power as relatively acceptable

FALSE

With regard to age, _______ individuals typically exhibit better citizenship behaviors at work.

older

Of the need-based theories mentioned in the text, _______ theory has received the most support from research.

McClelland's acquired needs

_____ is the degree to which the outcomes received from the organization are perceived to be fair.

Distributive justice

________refers to the ways in which people are similar or different from each other

Diversity

______ is a personality trait that explains different reactions to inequity.

Equity sensitivity

In China, goals high in specificity are more motivational in contrast to the low specificity goals preferred by employees in Western cultures, including the United States.

FALSE

In a business e-mail, using a subject line is often unnecessary as it may create unrealistic expectations about the message content.

FALSE

In firms pursuing a growth strategy, there is a negative relationship between racial diversity in the firm and company performance

FALSE

In general terms, the American workforce is growing younger

FALSE

_______ is the process where supervisors, peers, subordinates, and sometimes even customers provide that will later be shared with the employee for developmental purposes.

360- degree feedback

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits employment discrimination against individuals age _______and over

40

SAS Institute advocates its employees create work/life balance by suggesting, "If you are working more than ______, you are just adding bugs."

8 hours

In high power distance companies, participative decision making is common practice

FALSE

In organizations that have a pay for performance system, overall turnover level will be lower.

FALSE

The ______ Theory explores how events on the job cause different kinds of people to feel different emotions.

Affective Events

In the communication process, noise is found only in the external environment of the communication situation.

FALSE

In the most effective performance appraisal meetings, criticism of the individual personality traits is very important.

FALSE

It is a commonly held stereotype that men are more relationship-oriented than women

FALSE

Job enlargement involves moving employees from job to job at different intervals.

FALSE

Job satisfaction can be fully explained by the work environment.

FALSE

________ is the belief that one's own culture is superior to other cultures

Ethnocentrism

Adequate notice ensures that there is two way communication during the performance appraisal process.

FALSE

Age is positively related to both frequency and duration of absenteeism.

FALSE

Communication flows upward, downward, and laterally in an organization, but it is not possible for communication to flow diagonally.

FALSE

Communication methods and forms differ little across cultures.

FALSE

Countries high in power distance respond positively to appraisal systems where lower level employees give feedback to their managers.

FALSE

Crucial conversations are discussions where the stakes are high, so opinions need to be in line with the majority in the group.

FALSE

Deep-level diversity traits are most important for early interactions in the workplace, but as time goes on, surface-level traits become more important

FALSE

Disclosing sexual orientation is the key to explaining work attitudes of lesbian, bisexual, gay and transgender employees

FALSE

Emile is seated in a lecture where the instructor is discussing personality. She is most likely in a sociology class

FALSE

Employees who are discriminated against are no more likely to leave their jobs than those who have not faced discrimination

FALSE

Equity theory suggests that those perceiving inequity can react to the situation by having the referent decrease inputs.

FALSE

Expectancy theory is a need based theory.

FALSE

Expectancy theory's instrumentality dimension refers to the degree to which one believes that effort leads to performance.

FALSE

Experts agree that organizations should regularly monitor employees' online activity.

FALSE

Extinction is increasing the frequency of desirable behaviors.

FALSE

Extraverts are always model employees

FALSE

Extraverts are happier in their work situations and perform much more effectively than introverts

FALSE

Financially there is little incentive to attain a higher level degree

FALSE

General mental ability is likely the most important factor explaining employee citizenship behaviors.

FALSE

Gift cards as awards to employees are not appreciated because they are often purchased for stores and restaurants that employees do not frequent.

FALSE

High agreeableness is always a personality trait sought in job candidates

FALSE

If I am examining how my manager's behavior influences my work group, I am looking at the organizational level of analysis in the organizational behavior discipline

FALSE

If I emphasize the word "Max" in the following sentence, "I did not tell Max you were late," it suggests that I might have implied it to people other than Max.

FALSE

If you don't like your job, you will definitely reduce your job performance.

FALSE

In China, as in the United States, direct eye contact is important in a communication situation.

FALSE

Marissa is generally a few minutes late for class. She feels that "class will be there, why rush?" Marissa always thinks through how to address problems that arise for her rather than responding first and thinking later. Marissa has a Type A personality.

FALSE

Most American adults get the appropriate amount of sleep each night.

FALSE

Most of management research addresses causation

FALSE

Motivation is a function of the interaction between performance, ability and environment

FALSE

Nurturing (feminine) cultures are more likely to be characterized by a separation of gender roles than aggressive (masculine) cultures

FALSE

One tip to remember when working with people with negative affectivity is that you can change someone's personality with relative ease

FALSE

Over rewarded individuals experience a great deal of guilt and will substantially increase their effort to restore feelings of equity.

FALSE

Overall, work/life conflict is more problematic for men than women.

FALSE

People speak much faster than they hear words.

FALSE

Personality is the main reason why individuals turnover in a firm.

FALSE

Proxemics suggests that standing at an intimate distance to a colleague increases communication effectiveness.

FALSE

Reasonable accommodation for religious reasons does not require schedule modifications although it may require modifications to a firm's dress code

FALSE

Research by Gallup indicates that only 20% of employees are disengaged from their organization

FALSE

Research indicates that older employees exhibit higher absenteeism than their younger counterparts

FALSE

Research indicates that personality tests are an excellent predictor of performance

FALSE

Research shows that those organizations that are more effective limit the amount of feedback they provide employees, limit the amount of information shared, and allow roles to be ambiguous

FALSE

Research suggests Indian employees are more satisfied when they are empowered in the workplace than their counterparts in the United States or Poland.

FALSE

Self-efficacy is the degree to which people have overall positive feelings about themselves

FALSE

Skill variety and task significance are the most important elements in deciding motivational potential.

FALSE

Social monitors are especially good at evaluating the performance of other employees

FALSE

Storytelling is largely an ineffective means of communication as receivers perceive the senders to be largely unable to control the process.

FALSE

Stress, or the body's response to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional response, is always bad for the individual.

FALSE

Successful organizations tend to limit the amount of information shared by maintaining a centralized structure

FALSE

The "Corporate Athlete" approach to dealing with stress is a reactive approach.

FALSE

The General Adaptation Syndrome looks at how events on the job cause different kinds of people to feel different kinds of emotions.

FALSE

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a very effective employee selection tool

FALSE

The communication process is very complex, and thus presents almost insurmountable challenges to understanding and controlling it.

FALSE

The customer service representative at the department store who keeps smiling as she listens to the customer bitterly complain about her newly purchased product is engaging in deep acting.

FALSE

The federal government passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as a long-term solution to dealing with unethical behavior

FALSE

The importance of higher general mental ability for high performance is stronger for manual labor positions compared to management positions.

FALSE

The old adage "Have a good cry" is great advice to deal with stress that has built up in an individual.

FALSE

The outcomes of stress are only psychological in their orientation.

FALSE

The relationship between positive work attitudes and behavior is clear.

FALSE

Though employees seem more satisfied when their company communicates with them about issues that impact them, effective communication does little to improve the firm's market value.

FALSE

Though the glass ceiling was a legitimate issue a few years ago, today the number of women in executive positions of organizations is roughly the same as the number of men at that level

FALSE

To influence instrumentality, make sure rewards are seen as desirable.

FALSE

Value orientations change dramatically as individuals age and mature

FALSE

When people fit their jobs, they experience higher levels of stress

FALSE

While the American workforce is becoming more diverse, the world's workforce is not

FALSE

Whistleblowers, or people who report wrongdoing, tend to be those who have very high levels of commitment to a company.

FALSE

______ could be a serious problem when using personality tests in employee selection because it can change the rank ordering of candidates.

Faking

_______ and _______ are two key work attitudes that are the most relevant to important outcomes in the work environment.

Job satisfaction ..... organizational commitment

________ is the process of writing out thoughts and emotions on a regular basis

Journaling

Because it is likely that U.S. employees will change jobs 12 times in their career, employees should be________learners and continually upgrade their skill set

Life-long

______ theory of motivation arranges needs in a hierarchy.

Maslow's

One technique to reduce the likelihood of unethical behavior resulting from goal setting is to create multiple levels of goals and distribute rewards according to the goals achieved rather than rewarding only those who reach the highest goal.

TRUE

One way to deal with perceived inequity is to decrease your own inputs.

TRUE

Organizational behavior is the systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work

TRUE

Organizational behavior matters because it analyzes what you care about, what employers care about, and what organizations care about

TRUE

Organizational behavior provides organizations the tools to address the technological, societal, and cultural issues arising today and create an environment that is mutually beneficial to the firm and its employees

TRUE

Organizations can help employees reduce stress by offering them greater autonomy in their jobs, making their job duties clear, and providing employee assistance programs.

TRUE

Our visual perception is biased because we do not perceive objects in isolation

TRUE

Outsourcing is becoming an increasingly common practice in many organizations

TRUE

People perceived as fair recognize that what they believe is fair may differ from what others perceive as fair.

TRUE

People who are labeled as high social monitors can experience high levels of stress

TRUE

People with positive affective dispositions tend to be more satisfied with their jobs and committed to their companies.

TRUE

Persistent stress has the potential to place vulnerable individuals at an increased risk for depression.

TRUE

Person-job fit is positively related to job satisfaction

TRUE

Person/job fit and person/organization fit are positively related to job satisfaction and job engagement.

TRUE

Positive affective people are absent from work less often

TRUE

Proactive people understand the political environment in organizations, so they adjust quickly to new jobs

TRUE

Process based theories view motivation as a rational process.

TRUE

Realistic job previews help prevent breaches of the psychological contract.

TRUE

The absence of hygiene factors in the work environment leads to worker dissatisfaction.

TRUE

The concept of always putting work first is outdated.

TRUE

The frustration regression hypothesis offered by Alderfer suggests individuals frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need regress to another

TRUE

The job characteristics model is an attempt to design jobs for increased motivational potential.

TRUE

The job characteristics of autonomy and high skill variety are positively related to organizational commitment.

TRUE

The notion of using incentives to increase performance is a very old idea, actually going back to the time of Napoleon.

TRUE

The performance appraisal meeting is the most important component of a performance appraisal.

TRUE

The phenomenon of "the folly of rewarding A while hoping for B" suggests that at times, people are rewarded for the wrong kind of behavior.

TRUE

The sentence construction of the "Isn't it?" question we ask in the United States tends to be confusing for non-native speakers.

TRUE

The similarity/attraction phenomenon suggests that individuals are attracted to those who are similar to them

TRUE

The success of work attitude surveys depends on the perceived credibility of management by employees.

TRUE

The use of jargon can strengthen professional bonds with those of similar backgrounds.

TRUE

Those firms that are categorized as successful tend to pay employees well, train employees, and reduce status differences

TRUE

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination in employment with regard to race, color, sex, religion and national origin

TRUE

When an employee is treated well, he wants to reciprocate, so he performs his job more effectively.

TRUE

When we perceive a threat to our safety, the body reacts with a "fight or flight" response.

TRUE

Written and verbal communication tends to seek, give, or exchange information.

TRUE

You are a Walt Disney Company management trainee. The first three months of your job you will be working in the restaurant and hospitality area. The next three months you will be in the merchandising area, followed by three months in lodging and finally, three months in park operations. The Walt Disney management trainee program is designed using the job rotation philosophy.

TRUE

__________ prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, sex, religion or national origin

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

A person who is very curious, original, creative and very adaptable to change is high in

openness

If you answer 90% of the questions right on an exam, you get an A, if you get 80% correct, you get a B, and so on. This approach to grading an exam uses a(n) _______ criteria.

absolute rating

_________ programs are those designed to recruit, promote, train and retain employees belonging to a protected class

affirmative action

______ is a company-wide program where employees are rewarded for performance gains compared to past performance.

gainsharing

The ______ is a hypothesis by Hans Selye that suggests that stress plays a general role in disease by exhausting the body's immune system.

general adaptation syndrome

Jobs with high complexity need to have employees with high _____.

general mental abilities

_______ include reasoning abilities, verbal and numerical skills, and analytical skills.

general mental abilities

The most powerful influence over job performance is _______.

general mental ability

The ________ is the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to higher and executive level positions

glass ceiling

The degree to which a person is dedicated to reaching the goal is called _______.

goal commitment

_______ describes the degree to which a person has higher-order needs such as esteem and self-actualization.

growth need strength

Matching candidates to jobs is a key way of ensuring ______ performance and _____ turnover in the workplace.

high ....... Low

A society that views an unequal distribution of power as relatively acceptable would be categorized as a _______ culture

high power distance

Herzberg's _____ factors include company policy, supervision, working conditions, security and salary.

hygiene

Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation suggests factors that are part of the context in which the job is performed are called ______factors.

hygiene

Nina is experiencing feelings of inequity; one way she can address the situation is by _____ her outcomes.

increasing

When we receive more information than we can take in, the imbalance is known as __________.

information overload

You are at the computer working on the Internet gathering information for your term paper, your cell phone is ringing, you are receiving emails and the television is on. You are likely experiencing ______.

information overload

_______ communication channels convey more nonverbal information and tend to be used by effective managers.

information-rich

Broad mindedness, obedience, forgiveness and imagination are examples of _____ values.

instrumental

The degree to which employees believe that their performance will result in rewards is called ______

instrumentality

Agnes failed her accounting exam and complains that the exam was too difficult. Marta just ignores her because Agnes did not study at all in the three weeks prior to the exam. Marta is making an ______ for Agnes's failure.

internal attribution

The basketball coach says, "This team has to control its own destiny. You cannot be looking to other teams to lose so you can get into the play-offs. Only we can get ourselves into the tournament. We have to take care of our own house." The coach likely has ______.

internal locus of control

Mary is experiencing a(n) _____ stressor when her supervisor comes to work in a bad mood and yells at her.

interpersonal

The distance between two people, like a mother and child, usually in the zero to eighteen inch range is called the _______ distance.

intimate

Maggie loves routine, repetitive tasks and is very risk averse. She loves working as a cashier. This is an example of person/_____ fit.

job

When a person has strong links to the organization and leaving would entail significant sacrifices he/she has _______

job embeddedness.

The level to which an employee invests mental, emotional, and physical energy into their work is _______.

job engagement

Predictors of _______ include general mental abilities, how we are treated at work, stress, and positive work attitudes.

job performance

_____ is the degree to which an employee successfully fulfills the factors included in the job description.

job performance

An auto assembly worker who works on the left rear wheel bolts on Monday, the right front headlight screws on Tuesday, the front grille connectors on Wednesday, the right rear wheel bolts on Thursday and the left front screws on Friday is working under a ______ system.

job rotation

The feelings people have toward their job is called _______.

job satisfaction

______ breaks down jobs into their simplest components and assigns them to employees so that they can perform tasks in a repetitive manner.

job specialization

Mark is interviewing with a Wall Street firm. He notes that employees dress in business suits on a daily basis and address each other by Ms. and Mr. He decides that the firm's culture is too conservative for him. Mark is concerned about person/______ fit.

organization

The systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work is called

organizational behavior

Helping new employees and working voluntary overtime are examples of _______.

organizational citizenship behaviors

_______ is the emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for.

organizational commitment

In equity theory, an individual's ______ ratio is compared to the same ratio of a referent.

outcome/input

For most employees, ___ satisfies their physiological needs.

pay

The fact that women earn 82% of what men earn demonstrates the

pay gap

_______ is the process in which a rater or raters evaluate an employee's performance.

performance appraisal

Fruit pickers are often paid based on the amount of fruit they pick in a day. This is an example of a _________ system.

piece rate incentive

The professor is praising the student for an outstanding PowerPoint presentation. The professor is practicing ______ to get the student to do as well the next time he presents.

positive reinfrocement

Raul is highly respected by his colleagues. When there is a problem, he quickly takes the initiative to find a solution and tries to remove all barriers to success. Raul has a _____ personality.

proactive

Monique was hired as an entry level accountant. She found out that the firm decided to hire her after learning that her mother was also an accountant. Monique likely feels low _______ justice.

procedural

Equity and expectancy theories are examples of ______-based theories of motivation.

process

_______ is a term coined by Edward T. Hall to denote the different degrees of physical distance between people during person-to-person communication.

proxemics

Collectively, the dimensions of efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience refer to _________.

psychological capital

An unwritten understanding about what the employee will bring to the work environment and what the company will provide in exchange is called a _________

psychological contract

_________ professionals create external communication about a client's products, services, or practices for specific receivers.

public relations

________ is vagueness as to what job responsibilities are in the job.

rRole ambiguity

The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical or mental disabilities if they are otherwise qualified to do their jobs with or without

reasonable accommodation

Mary and Jan are two graphic designers at Master Graphics. They were hired at the same time with the same basic qualifications. Under equity theory, Jan is Mary's _____ or comparison person.

referent

The behavior where we are not really listening but preparing our response is called _______.

rehearsing

Social needs is to Maslow as ______ is to Alderfer.

relatedness

Maggie's boss wants her to complete the department project by next week. Her team leader for the corporate project wants her to travel to New York in the next few days to work on that item. Maggie is experiencing ______.

role conflict

Having insufficient time and resources to complete a job is called _____.

role overload

Harrison was glancing over the list of runners who finished the Boston Marathon and the names of the two runners from his hometown of Richmond, Virginia "jumped" out at him. The phenomenon is an example of the process of ________

selective perception

Personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our own needs is _______

selective perception

The dramatic drop in sales was discussed at the weekly company meeting. The manufacturing manager kept looking at the production-related aspects of the problem while the marketing manager concentrated on the promotional aspects. ______ explains why these two managers were focusing on their specific areas and ignoring others.

selective perception

Marcus eagerly uses his company's tuition reimbursement program for an undergraduate degree. Marcus is fulfilling his ____ need.

self-actualization

People with high _____ set higher goals for themselves.

self-efficacy

You are asked to predict how quickly you will run a mile track. You run on a regular basis to stay in shape. You say you will run the track in five minutes. It takes you eight minutes. Your prediction was an example of _______ bias.

self-enhancement

"I won't get this job either. I've been on twenty interviews already and I haven't received one callback. I don't think I'll ever get a job. I'm such a failure," says the graduating college senior. The student is exhibiting low _______.

self-esteem

You are a manager who believes that all young employees "goof off at work." You therefore limit the number of assignments you give to your young employees. Lately you have noticed that the young employees in your department are texting on their cell phones, playing computer games and just talking to each other quite a bit. This situation is an example of a ________.

self-fulfilling prophecy

Gabrielle is a high ______. She can walk into a meeting and quickly identify the mood and the key interactions between attendees and adapt her behavior accordingly.

self-monitor

Words mean different things to different people; this is the concept of _______.

semantics

A _______ originates the communication process.

sender

Requests for sexual favors or unwelcome sexual advances is

sexual harassment

The acronym, SMART, stands for ______________ when discussing goal setting.

specific, measurable, aggressive, realistic and time-bound

Beliefs about different groups that may be generalized to an employee who is being evaluated, even though those beliefs may have little basis in reality, leads to a ______ bias in performance evaluation.

stereotype

A generalization about a particular group of people, like "men never ask for directions" is an example of a

steryotype

The purpose of ________ is to align company and employee interests by making employees owners.

stock options

_____ is the body's reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response.

stress

A Harley-Davidson employee's authority to stop the assembly line if he sees a blemish on the product indicates he has ______ empowerment.

structural

When a hair stylist smiles even though the young child whose hair she is cutting is crying and squirming, the hair stylist is exhibiting _______.

surface acting

Demographic traits like race, gender and age are part of ________ diversity

surface level

Predictors of________ include poor performance, poor work attitudes, stress, personality, and age of the employee.

turnover

Alexandra is always impatient. She seems to run around the office completing this task and that. She is always the first one to work and the last to leave. Alexandra has a ______ personality.

type A

Nicholas is making sure that his subordinates view rewards offered by the firm as desirable. Nicholas is attempting to influence the _____ element of expectancy theory.

valence

_________is to accuracy in measurement, as ________is to consistency in measurement

validity ...... reliability

The XYZ Corporation just announced a new bonus program where managers can provide "on the spot" bonuses for an exceptional job done that day. XYZ is proposing to offer bonuses on a _____ schedule.

variable ratio

_______ communication is best utilized when you need feedback and there is time urgency.

verbal

______ communication does a better job of conveying feelings while _______ communication does a better job of conveying facts.

verbal ..... Written

The three types of communication are:_________

verbal, written, and nonverbal

When self-reported personality measures are used, studies have shown that the results are generally _______ than when observer measures of personality are used.

weaker

Men and women tend to differ in their communication styles. ________ are less likely to be dominant or assertive in conversations at work.

women

Flexible scheduling is one approach to addressing ______ conflict.

work-family

An informal gossip network at work that can be a barrier to effective communication is called a _________.

workplace gossip/grapevine

_______ communication is best utilized when ideas are complicated or you are conveying facts.

written