Mod 23 Multiple Choice

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every 4 hours. 30 minutes. 90 minutes. 2 1/2 hours. 1.5 days.

90 minutes

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep? As sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases. The sleep cycle repeats itself every 60 minutes. Everyone needs 8 hours of sleep per night. During REM sleep the muscles are tense and brain waves reveal deep relaxation.

As sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases.

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep? The action of the hypothalamus suppresses immune cell production that fights off viral infections and cancer. In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiasmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep. The hypothalamus triggers the pituitary gland in the endocrine system to produce the hormone thyroxin, which leads you to sleep. Cell clusters in the hypothalamus stimulate the production of relatively slow alpha waves, signaling the transition from deep relaxation to sleep. During sleep the hypothalamus stimulates the production of free radicals, molecules that are toxic to neurons, which weakens unused connections.

In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiasmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.

Which of the following is true of melatonin? It alters metabolic and hormonal functioning in ways that mimic aging. It helps restore and repair brain tissue by increasing the production of free radicals. It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream. Production of melatonin during sleep boosts our immune system, which helps us fight off viral infections. It is produced by the brain during the hypnagogic stage in NREM sleep.

It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream.

Shortly after falling asleep, James experiences the hypnagogic sensation of falling. It is most likely that he is in which stage of sleep? NREM-1 NREM-2 REM Alpha NREM-3

NREM-1

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of NREM-1 sleep. NREM-3 sleep. waking beta. NREM-2 sleep. waking alpha.

NREM-1 sleep

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage? REM rebound NREM-3 sleep NREM-2 sleep REM NREM-1 sleep

NREM-1 sleep

Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns? People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer. The sleep patterns of identical twins are usually similar. Brain waves are generally elevated and variable during REM sleep. Sleep patterns reflect differences in latent and manifest dream content. Newborn babies spend more time in REM sleep than in NREM sleep.

People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer.

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing REM sleep narcolepsy. a hallucination. sleep apnea. NREM-3 sleep.

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of REM sleep. hypnagogic sensations. NREM-3 sleep. muscle tension. sleep talking.

REM sleep

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with REM sleep. dissociation. sleep apnea. sleep spindles. NREM-3 sleep.

REM sleep

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with REM sleep. NREM-2 sleep. sleep apnea. sleep spindles. hypnagogic sleep.

REM sleep

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep. NREM-2; REM REM; NREM-2 NREM-1; REM REM; NREM-3 REM; NREM-1

REM; NREM-3

Circadian rhythm refers to the experience of sleep apnea following an extensive transoceanic flight. a pattern of brain waves that occur during sleep. the cycle of five distinct stages that we experience during a normal night's sleep. a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle. the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience.

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24 hour cycle.

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations change from one season to the next are highlighting the importance of REM sleep. neuroadaptation. narcolepsy. alpha waves. biological rhythms.

biological rhythms

Patrick has just entered REM sleep. Which of the following is he likely to experience? Body paralysis Sleep spindles Alpha waves The sensation of falling Delta waves

body paralysis

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal alpha wave patterns. hypnagogic sensations. dopamine production. circadian rhythm. manifest content.

circadian rhythm

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal hypnagogic sensations. physical dependence. circadian rhythm. sleep apnea. alpha wave pattern.

circadian rhythm

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the circadian rhythm. REM rebound. hypnagogic state. menstrual cycle. NREM sleep.

circadian rhythm

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of narcolepsy. sleep apnea circadian rhythm. dissociation. night terrors.

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the hypnagogic state. alpha wave pattern. circadian rhythm. REM rebound. latent content.

circadian rhythm

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called delta waves. beta waves. theta waves. alpha waves. sleep spindles.

delta waves

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is entering the third stage of sleep. experiencing a night terror. dreaming. ready to sleepwalk. exhibiting a sleep spindle.

dreaming

Slow-wave sleep promotes insomnia. dissociation. effective memory. narcolepsy. REM rebound

effective memory

The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day. the differing musical preferences of younger and older persons. varying levels of neurotransmitters during REM sleep. the different personalities of people born during different months of the year. the different study habits of men and women.

fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day

Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons. hypnagogic sensations alpha waves amphetamines opiates free radicals

free radicals

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in sleep? It causes the pituitary gland to increase the release of human growth hormone. It causes the pineal gland to increase the production of melatonin. It causes the pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin. It induces REM sleep every 90 minutes. It causes the pituitary gland to decrease the release of human growth hormone.

it causes the pineal gland to increase the production of melatonin

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by the pineal gland. dopamine acetylcholine melatonin serotonin endorphin

melatonin

Which of the following represents a circadian rhythm? Our bodies sleep-wake on a roughly 24 hour schedule. A burst of growth occurs during puberty. The sleep cycle is roughly 90 minutes long. Our bodies become paralyzed when we enter REM sleep. Pulse rate increases when we exercise.

our bodies sleep-wake on a roughly 24 hour schedule

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because our heart rate is slow and steady, while our breathing is highly irregular. our brain and nervous system are less active and our muscles are very active. our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move. it leads to highly imaginative dreams that are perceived as colorless images. we are deeply asleep but can be awakened easily.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

Slow wave sleep appears to play an important role in sleep apnea. physical growth. paradoxical sleep. narcolepsy. posthypnotic amnesia.

physical growth

Alpha waves are associated with NREM-1 sleep. relaxed but awake state. NREM-2 sleep. NREM-3 sleep. REM sleep.

relaxed but awake state

Research on sleep patterns indicates that different sleep patterns reflect differences in latent dream content. sleep patterns may be genetically influenced. older adults and newborns have very similar sleep patterns. REM sleep may not be necessary for normal functioning. everyone needs a minimum of 8 hours of sleep per night to function well.

sleep patterns may be genetically influenced.

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called delta waves. sleep spindles. alpha waves. amplitude waves. circadian rhythms.

sleep spindles

The pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during slow-wave sleep. circadian sleep. paradoxical sleep. NREM-2 sleep. NREM-1 sleep.

slow-wave sleep

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the dopamine reward system. suprachiasmatic nucleus. thyroid gland. sleep spindles. MDMA.

suprachiasmatic nucleus.

When people are experiencing vivid dreams they are more likely to sleepwalk than during any other stage of sleep. their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids. they intermittently stop breathing. their bodies often move in accordance with what they dream. their slow brain-wave patterns indicate that they are deeply asleep.

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids.

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming. wake Margie after she has been asleep for about 5 minutes and ask her what she's dreaming. use posthypnotic suggestion to increase the chances of dream recall. make an all-night audiotape of the sounds Margie makes while sleeping. feed Margie lots of rich food just before bedtime.

wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming.

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably experiences more NREM-2 sleep than most people. would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep. dreams during NREM-3 rather than during REM sleep. experiences very little REM sleep. passes through the sleep cycle much more rapidly than most people.

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep.

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that sleep is necessary for helping us restore and repair brain tissue. sleep disorders are widespread in our culture. genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get. sleep debt affects a person's health and mental well-being. Sorry, that's incorrect. most adults are seriously sleep deprived.

genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get.

Which of the following typically occur(s) during REM sleep? narcolepsy bed-wetting muscular tension genital arousal night terrors

genital arousal

Which of the following sleep theories would best explain why athletes perform better after a full night's sleep? Creativity Memory Growth Protection Recuperation

growth

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called dissociations. hallucinations. neuroadaptations. stressors. night terrors.

hallucinations

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to have slower, more regular breathing. talk in his sleep. have slower brain waves. be easily awakened. have very relaxed muscles.

have very relaxed muscles

Researchers have demonstrated that people trained to perform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. This finding suggests that sleep patterns suit a species' ecological niche. is involved in the memory process. plays a role in the growth process. inspires creative achievements and problem solving. helps restore and repair brain tissue.

is involved in the memory process.