Modern Art Quiz 2, Modern Art Quiz 1

Art Brut

"raw art," artworks made by untrained artists, and having a primitive or childlike quality

Russian Constructivism

(Constructivism was a revolutionary sculptural movement that began in Russa, inspired in part by the abstraction fo Malevich and others. Seeking to create art that was relevant to modern life in form,materials, and content, Constructivists made the first nonrepresentational constructions out of such modern materials as plastic and electroplated metal. The Constructivists were in concert with the Cubists in rejecting the traditional view of sculpture as a static volume defined by mas and created by modeling and carving. The name of the movement came from their preference for constructing planar and linear forms that suggested a dymaic quality and, whenver possibole, contained moving elements. Space became primary with Constructivitists.

Entartete Kunst

-Literally,"Degenerate Art", a term used in Nazi Germany to denigrate modern art, which the regime asserted had a corrupting influence on the national culture.

Futurism

1910.A movement in modern art that grew out of cubism. Artists used implied motion by shifting planes and having multiple viewpoints of the subject. They strived to show mechanical as well as natural motion and speed. The beginning of the machine age is what inspired these artists. Frank Stella and Giacomo Balla were futurists.

Bauhaus

A Weimar (German) architectural school created by Walter Gropius which combined the fine arts and functionalism

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.

readymade art

A mass-produced, ordinary object (one that we are visually indifferent to) that is transformed into art through the choice of the artist. Commonly associated with Marcel Duchamp

Fauvism

A painting style developed by Henri Matisse in 1905 that formally lasted until 1908. The means "fierce animal." The style rejects Neo-Impressionism and expresses flat, bold, un-naturalistic color with impulsive brushwork; sometimes the blank canvas shows between brushstrokes.

Neoclassicism

A style of art and architecture that emerged in the later 18th century. Part of a general revival of interest in classical cultures, Neoclassicism was characterized by the utilization of themes and styles from ancient Greece and Rome.

Cubism

A style of art in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms, especially cubes

Suprematism

A type of art formulated by Kazimir Malevich to convey his belief that the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object and thus calls for new, nonobjective forms in art shapes not related to objects in the visible world.

Surrealism

An artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images

Abstract Expressionism

An artistic movement that focused on expressing emotion and feelings through abstract images and colors, lines and shapes.

German Expressionism

Began in 1905 with Die Brucke (The Bridge). They hoped to break the academic, traditional, and impressionistic modes and create art that was a creative impulse. They often published journals and exhibition catalogs using their own prints as illustrations.

atmospheric perspective

Creating the illusion of depth of space by fading colors and eliminating detail in objects that are further away.

Hudson River School of Art

In about 1825, a group of American painters, led by Thomas Cole, used their talents to do landscapes, which were not highly regarded. They painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River. Mystical overtones.

History Painting

Paintings based on mythological or biblical narratives. Once considered the noblest form of art. They generally convey a high moral or intellectual idea and are often painted in a grand pictorial style.

Die Brucke

The Bridge a group of German artists who followed the inspiration of the Fauves. They lived together and practiced art.(Kirchner, Nolde, Kokoschka and Kollwitz)

Perspective Painting

The linear representation of distance and space on a flat surface.

Photomontage

The process of combining parts of various photographs in one photograph.

Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

Vassily Kandinsky's (along with Franz Mark's) artistic movement which aimed to emphasize expression and spirituality through nonrepresentational art. They believed in the promotion of modernity, the connection between visual art and music, the spiritual and symbolic associations of color, and a spontaneous, intuitive approach to painting.

Dada Movement

Zurich, Switzerland; anti-art movement in which society didn't deserve art after creation of WWI, meant to provoke, spontaneous performances

drip painting

a painting technique in which paint is allowed to drip onto the canvas rather than being applied with a brush, spatula, or similar tool

exemplum virtutis

a painting that tells a moral tale for the viewer

Daguerreotype

a photograph taken by an early photographic process employing an iodine-sensitized silvered plate and mercury vapor.

Neoplasticism

a style of abstract painting developed by Piet Mondrian, using only vertical and horizontal lines and rectangular shapes in black, white, gray, and primary colors.

Expressionism

a style of painting, music, or drama in which the artist or writer seeks to express emotional experience rather than impressions of the external world.

Action Painting

an abstract painting in which the artist drips or splatters paint onto a surface like a canvas in order to create his or her work

aquatint

an intaglio printmaking process that uses melted rosin or spray paint to create an acid-resistant ground

Etching

an intaglio printmaking technique in which a metal plate is covered with an acid-resistant ground and worked with an etching needle to create an image.

Clement Greenberg

author of Modernist Painting was an early advocate of abstract expressionism, incredibly influential and powerful critic in the 20th century; suggested art works of realism, or works rooted in images of popular culture, are inferior and depend on elements not essential to painting; avant-garde is high culture and, therefore, superior; called for a new American art; recognized the shift of the center of the art world

abstract

existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

Armory Show of 1913

exposed American public to 1600 art works of contemporary European and American artists. It was a significant catalyst in the disseminating knowledge of recent developments in art.

New York School

group of American and European artists and sculptors, especially abstract expressionist painters, active in and near New York City chiefly in the 1940s and 1950s.

Trompe-l'œil

is an art technique that uses realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects exist in three dimensions. Forced perspective is a comparable illusion in architecture

avant-garde

new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

abstract/non-objective

not based on things you see in the real world. Often it involves elements of geometry, and you might see it referred to as geometric abstraction. It's a type of abstract art, in which artists aren't concerned with portraying recognizable objects from visible reality.

Sublime

of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe

Impasto

painting that applies the pigment thickly so that brush or palette knife marks are visible

Rrose Sélavy

rose Sélavy first appeared in 1920, but the second 'r' in her name wasn't added until 1921 when she added her signature to Francis Picabia's collage L'Oeil Cacodylate. Soon after, she began appearing in photographs taken by Man Ray, fashion photographer, fellow artist and informal Dada compatriot. The perfect Duchampian character, Rrose brought to life the artist's well-marked and symbolic use of language as well as all the playfulness and irony of Dadaism. Her name, a pun on the French adage "Eros, c'est la vie," has inspired everything from collections of surrealist poetry to an oyster bar in Manhattan. rose personified everything about Duchamp's art, from its wit and its ersatz aesthetic to its erotic undertones. A living, breathing double entendre, she is a figurehead of New York's short-lived answer to Dada, the irreverent European art movement with beginnings in Zürich's Cabaret Voltaire. His feminine pseudonym was less about trickery, as it was just one of many attempts to tease ideas about identity and self-representation, particularly in portraits of himself. Other likenesses included mugshots that cast him as a criminal and photographs simultaneously depicting him from five different vantage points, but Rrose in particular is one of the most enigmatic parts of the artist's oeuvre. By creating a female alter ego, and one shrouded in a certain mystery, Duchamp managed to balance the art of contradiction, troubling and underpinning his ideas and intentions in one fell swoop.

Phrygian cap

the symbol of a freed slave in antiquity

Iconography

the visual images and symbols used in a work of art or the study or interpretation of these.

Delacroix, 28th of July: Liberty Leading the People, 1830 French

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