Module 10 and 11 Review

is increasing

As molecules move down the concentration gradient, from a more ordered state to a less ordered state, entropy:

true

At equilibrium, there will be no net movement of molecules.

a concentration gradient

Diffusion is best described as the random movement of particles due to:

nonpolar, polar

Lipid tails in the phospholipid bilayer are _____ and provide a barrier to ____ molecules from passing through.

Hydrophobic, small

Molecules that are ______ and ______ are able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion.

False

Simple diffusion of a molecule down its concentration gradient requires an input of energy to the system.

channel and carrier

____ proteins and ____ proteins provide a pathway for specific molecules to pass through without contacting the lipid tails

tonicity

_____ describes the osmotic pressure and the direction of water movement

small nonpolar molecules

_____ pass through the phopholipid bilayer easily

primary active transport

_____ requires ATP

osmotic pressure

a measure of the tendency for water to move by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane into a solution with higher solute concentration

facilitated diffusion

a passive transport process that moves molecules from a high concentration area to a low concentration area across a cell membrane

exocystosis

a process that occurs when a cell moves large materials from inside the cell to the outside of the cell using small spheres of membrane called vesicles

cell membrane

also known as a selectively permeable membrane which controls whats coming in and out of a cell

secondary active transport

movement is from the electrochemical gradient (and not ATP)

hypotonic solution

one with a lower solute concentration than other solution

hypertonic solution

one with higher solute concentration than other solution

measured

osmotic pressure can be ____ by the force required to stop osmosis

against

primary active transport is ____ the concentration gradient

isotonic solution

same concentration as another solution

entropy

the measure of disorder in a system

active transport

the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient.

endocytosis

the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle

simple diffusion

the process by which molecules diffuse through a semipermeable membrane down their concentration gradient without the assistance of transporter proteins.

osmosis

water moves across a selectively permeable membrane by ____ from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration