Module 10.2

Approximately what percent of the mammalian body is composed of water?

70%

Hypovolemia induces thirst by inducing production of which hormone?

Angiotensin II

A loss of blood will lead to what kind of thirst?

Hypovolemic

The areas important for detecting osmotic pressure and the salt content of the blood include:

OVLT and subfornical organ.

What kind of thirst is produced by an increased concentration of solutes in the blood?

Osmotic

Aldosterone triggers:

an increased preference for salty tastes.

Like vasopressin, ____ constricts the blood vessels, compensating for the drop in blood pressure.

angiotensin II

What is the hormone released by the posterior pituitary that causes your kidneys to reabsorb and conserve water?

antidiuretic hormone

The hormone aldosterone results in the:

conservation of sodium.

Vasopressin raises blood pressure by:

constricting the blood vessels.

What effect does the hormone angiotensin II have?

constriction of blood vessels

The effect of an injection of a drug that blocks angiotensin II receptors would be:

decreased drinking

The lateral preoptic area and surrounding parts of the hypothalamus control:

drinking.

Eating salty potato chips increases the concentration of sodium in the:

extracellular fluid.

A rat with damage to its lateral preoptic area:

has impaired osmotic thirst.

Sodium-specific hunger is closely associated with:

hypovolemic thirst.

What is the cause of osmotic thirst?

increased concentration of solutes in the blood

The tendency of water to flow across a semipermeable membrane from the area of low solute concentration to the area of higher concentration is termed:

osmotic pressure.

After an increase in the solute concentrations in the body, you will experience:

osmotic thirst.

The two types of thirst are ____ and ____.

osmotic thirst; hypovolemic thirst

Consuming too much salt will trigger ____ thirst. Bleeding or heavy sweating will trigger ____ thirst.

osmotic, hypovolemic

The rate at which the posterior pituitary releases vasopressin is under the control of the:

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.

Aldosterone and angiotensin II together change the properties of ____, neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius.

taste receptors

The areas around the third ventricle can detect chemicals circulating in the blood because:

these areas are not protected by a blood-brain barrier.

Diabetes insipidus literally means "passing without taste" because the urine is produced in such large quantities that it is tasteless. This disease is most likely caused by a problem with the production or release of:

vasopressin.

What is caused by a high concentration of solutes outside the cells?

water flows out of the cells