Module 2.1

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

What causes an EPSP?​

​the opening of sodium channels

A temporary hyperpolarization is known as an ____.​ ​

IPSP

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?​

Spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory neuron.

On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?​

behavioral observations

Which process will most likely result in an IPSP?​

chloride ions entering the cell

An EPSP is to ____ as an IPSP is to ____.​ ​

depolarization; hyperpolarization

Depolarization is to ____ as hyperpolarization is to ____.​

excitation; inhibition

Spatial summation refers to ____.​ ​

multiple weak stimulations that occur at the same time

Even at rest, most neurons have periodic production of action potentials, known as the ____.​

spontaneous firing rate

What do temporal summation and spatial summation have in common?​

Both enable a reflex to occur in response to weak stimuli.

A graded depolarization is known as an ____.​

EPSP

The primary difference between an EPSP and an action potential is that ____.​ ​

EPSPs are subthreshold events that decay over time and space

Which statement is TRUE about the spontaneous firing rates of neurons?​ ​

EPSPs increase the frequency.

Why is the speed of conduction through a reflex arc slower than the speed of conduction of an action potential along an axon?​

Transmission between neurons at synapses is slower than along axons.

A normal, healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor muscles of the same leg at the same time. Why not?​ ​

When the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one, inhibitory messages go to the other.

The circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response is called ____.​ ​

a reflex arc

The "spontaneous firing rate" of a neuron refers to ____.​

its rate of producing action potentials even when it is not stimulated

Spatial summation refers to ____.​

multiple weak stimulations that occur at the same time

Increased permeability to which type of ion would most likely result in an IPSP?​ ​

potassium

The "decision" for a neuron to fire is determined by the ____.​

ratio of EPSPs to IPSPs

To measure temporal summation in single cells, researchers ____.​

record depolarizations of the postsynaptic neuron

What is the proper ordering of a reflex arc?​

sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

Specialized junctions between neurons are called ____.​

synapses

What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?​

the combined effects of EPSPs and IPSPs

Sherrington deduced that transmission at a synapse must be slower than conduction along an axon. This was based on what kind of evidence?​ ​

the speed of reflexive responses

Which statement is TRUE of EPSPs?​

​They decay over time and space.

Inhibitory synapses on a neuron ____.​

​hyperpolarize the postsynaptic cell

When a vertebrate animal contracts the flexor muscles of a leg, it relaxes the extensor muscles of the same leg. Sherrington considered this evidence for the existence of ____.​

​inhibitory messages

In a reflex arc, the coordination between contraction of certain muscles and relaxation of others is mediated by ____.​

​interneurons

Temporal summation most likely occurs with ____.​

​rapid succession of subthreshold excitation

A certain weak stimulus produces no reflexive response, but a rapid repetition of that stimulus may produce such a response. What is this phenomenon called?​

​temporal summation

Temporal summation is to ____ as spatial summation is to ____.​

​time; location


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