Module 25 AP Psychology Unit 5

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict.

examples of hallucinogens

marijuana, LSD, ecstasy

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

nicotine

What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?

It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors.

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?

The brain stops producing endorphins

Examples of depressants?

alcohol, barbiturates, opiates (heroin, morphine)

In contrast to alcohol, marijuana

amplifies sensitivity to sounds

What do barbiturates do?

are prescribed to induce sleep or reduce anxiety

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are

barbiturates

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

blocking the reuptake of dopamine

Examples of stimulants?

caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines and nicotine

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of

cocaine

What do hallucinogens do?

distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of

ecstasy

Which stimulant causes high energy, emotional elation, dehydration, and damage to serotonin-producing neurons?

ecstasy

Effects of stimulants

excites neural activity and speeds up body functions. Pupils dilate, heart and breathing rates increase, and blood sugar levels rise which cause a drop in appetite. Increased energy and self-confidence

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of

heroin

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria

methamphetamine

Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of

user expectations