Module 25 AP Psychology Unit 5
Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that
individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict.
examples of hallucinogens
marijuana, LSD, ecstasy
By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.
nicotine
What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?
It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors.
What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?
The brain stops producing endorphins
Examples of depressants?
alcohol, barbiturates, opiates (heroin, morphine)
In contrast to alcohol, marijuana
amplifies sensitivity to sounds
What do barbiturates do?
are prescribed to induce sleep or reduce anxiety
Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are
barbiturates
When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by
blocking the reuptake of dopamine
Examples of stimulants?
caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines and nicotine
Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of
cocaine
What do hallucinogens do?
distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of
ecstasy
Which stimulant causes high energy, emotional elation, dehydration, and damage to serotonin-producing neurons?
ecstasy
Effects of stimulants
excites neural activity and speeds up body functions. Pupils dilate, heart and breathing rates increase, and blood sugar levels rise which cause a drop in appetite. Increased energy and self-confidence
Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of
heroin
When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria
methamphetamine
Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of
user expectations