MODULE 3 TEST

hyperextension injuries of the spine are most common the result of

HANGINGS

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

admid oxygen and transport to hospital

After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should:

administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for transport

When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar:

after assessing distal neurovascular functions

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:

apply a gentle manual traction line with the limb and reasses for a pulse

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?

apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue assessment

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

apply direct pressure to her arm

A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. You should:

apply padded board splints to both sides of his leg

most cases of external bleedign can be controled by

applyign direct pressure

with regard to musculoskeltal injuries, the zone injury is defined as the

area of soft tissue damage surrondign the injury

You have applied a zippered air splint to a patient's left arm. During transport, the patient complains of increased numbness and tingling in his left hand. You reassess distal circulation and note that it remains present. Your MOST appropriate action should be to:

asses the amount of air in the splint and let out air as necesary

The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system.

autonomic

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. You should:

bind his legs toegether on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport righ away

hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to

blood-clotting abnormalities

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

bones and voluntary muscles of the body

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reactions would most likely be observed in a patient with

brain injury

fracture is most accurately defined as

break in the continuity of the bone

when caring for a patiet whose arm is coered with a dry chemical you shoul

brush away the chemical before flushing water

coordination of balance and body movement is cntrolled by the

cerebellum

the __________ contains about 75% of the brains total volume

cerebrum

most common fractured bone in the body is the

clavicle

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition?

compresseion of the head agaisnt the roof

Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:

compression injuries to brusing to eh anteior portion of the prain and streatchign or tearign injuries to the postierio portion of the brain

You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving high-flow oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration?

compression of the aorata and vena cava

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10-inch steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:

control bleeding, bgin cpr, stabalize steel rob, transport immediately

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:

convection

signs of a pulmonary blast injury include

coughing up blood

air bags are designed to

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries

hich of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

deployment of airbag

the disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a

dislocation

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact.

door

when immobolzing a patient on a long backboard you should

ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head

what layer of skin forms watertight protective seal fro the body

epidermis

most important immediate treatment for patienst with a head ijury, regardless of severity is

establish adequete airway

High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through

evaporation

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:

exhibit poor thermoregualtion

it woudl be most appropriate to perform a focuses econdary assesment on a patietn who

fainted to the ground from a standign position

two most common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are

falls and motor vehicle collisiosn

The skin and underlying tissues of the face:

have a rich blood supply and bleed profusley

when placing a patient onot a long backboard, the emt at the patietn's ____ is in charge

head

covering the patines______ will help minimize heat loss

heat

which of the followign condition would be teh least likely to increase a persons risk of hypotjermia

hyperglycemia

evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle durign extracation will allow the emt to

identify point and preidct potenial injuries

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?

if resistance is ecountered or the patient experiences severe pain

The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilation's when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by:

immediate reassessment following the intervention

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should: .

immediately request ALS

To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:

into the patients rectum

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:

intra-abdominal bleeding

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:

intracranial bleeding

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:

irrigate eyes both for 20 minutes with plain water

bleeding from the nose following head traum

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:

it causes a problem managing the airway

Which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correct?

it is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly

When a light is shone into the pupil:

it should become smaller in size

when openign airway of patient with spinal injury use

jaw thrust meneuver

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene

A high school football player was injured during a tackle and complains of neck and upper back pain. He is conscious and alert and is breathing without difficulty. The EMT should:

leave helmet and shoulder pads in place

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the:

lumbar spine

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

lyme disease

If a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:

minuet volume decrease

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of

mottling and blisters

You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:

move him as a unit to a supine position

In which of the following situations would the EMT be the LEAST likely to immobilize a patient's spine?

no distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

open air embolism

a fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diesaes such as cancer is called a

pathologic fracture

nervous systems consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

peripheral

the_______ nerves control diaphragm

phrenic

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. You should:

place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck, cover her with warm blankets, and avoid rough handling

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

place her onto a scoop stretcher, pas around her left hip and secure her to the scoop with straps

when immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should

place padding under the childs shoulders as needed

most reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is

point tenderness

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where fire fighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be MOST concerned with:

potential for airway swelling

A 30-year-old man complains of severe pain to his right tibia following an injury that occurred the day before. The patient's leg is pale and he is unable to move his foot. The EMT should suspect that:

pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated

a hip fractur is actually the fracture of the

proximal femur

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:

rapid deteriation of neurological signs

A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:

rapidly transport to hospital

compared to adults, infants and children are at higher rusk fro hypothermia for all of the following reasons except

relativley small surface are

when assesing a patient with a closed soft tissue injury it is impornat to

remain alert for more severe underlyign injuries

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:

remove lenses and irrigate his eyes

An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:

report incident to the appropriate athorities

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation

optic nerve endings are located within the

retina

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

rotational and rollover

which of the following stetments ragardign severe burns is correct

severe burns are typically a combination of all degree burns

which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain

skeletal

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours?

skeletal muscle

What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures?

smooth

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?

stomach rupture

Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT:

superficial scalp lacerations

two most efficient ways for your body to eliminate excess hear are

sweating and vasodialation

which of the following ststements regardign a basilar skull fracture is correct

the absence of raccoon eyes or battle sigsns does not rule it out

which of the following statements regardign thr rule of nines is correct

the anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the bsa

internal injuries caused by a gunshot wounds are diffuclt to predict becuase

the bullet may tubmle or richoet in body

bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following lunt truam most suggestive of injury to

the liver

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:

tragus

adams apple is

upper part of teh larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilidge

heat loss from the body through respirations occurs when

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:

waterproffs skin and makes it supple