MODULE 3 TEST
hyperextension injuries of the spine are most common the result of
HANGINGS
While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:
admid oxygen and transport to hospital
After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should:
administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for transport
When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar:
after assessing distal neurovascular functions
During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:
apply a gentle manual traction line with the limb and reasses for a pulse
A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?
apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure
A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:
apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue assessment
A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:
apply direct pressure to her arm
A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. You should:
apply padded board splints to both sides of his leg
most cases of external bleedign can be controled by
applyign direct pressure
with regard to musculoskeltal injuries, the zone injury is defined as the
area of soft tissue damage surrondign the injury
You have applied a zippered air splint to a patient's left arm. During transport, the patient complains of increased numbness and tingling in his left hand. You reassess distal circulation and note that it remains present. Your MOST appropriate action should be to:
asses the amount of air in the splint and let out air as necesary
The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system.
autonomic
A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. You should:
bind his legs toegether on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport righ away
hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to
blood-clotting abnormalities
The musculoskeletal system refers to the:
bones and voluntary muscles of the body
Abnormal variations in pupil size and reactions would most likely be observed in a patient with
brain injury
fracture is most accurately defined as
break in the continuity of the bone
when caring for a patiet whose arm is coered with a dry chemical you shoul
brush away the chemical before flushing water
coordination of balance and body movement is cntrolled by the
cerebellum
the __________ contains about 75% of the brains total volume
cerebrum
most common fractured bone in the body is the
clavicle
A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition?
compresseion of the head agaisnt the roof
Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:
compression injuries to brusing to eh anteior portion of the prain and streatchign or tearign injuries to the postierio portion of the brain
You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving high-flow oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration?
compression of the aorata and vena cava
A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10-inch steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:
control bleeding, bgin cpr, stabalize steel rob, transport immediately
The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:
convection
signs of a pulmonary blast injury include
coughing up blood
air bags are designed to
decrease the severity of deceleration injuries
hich of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?
deployment of airbag
the disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a
dislocation
When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact.
door
when immobolzing a patient on a long backboard you should
ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head
what layer of skin forms watertight protective seal fro the body
epidermis
most important immediate treatment for patienst with a head ijury, regardless of severity is
establish adequete airway
High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through
evaporation
Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:
exhibit poor thermoregualtion
it woudl be most appropriate to perform a focuses econdary assesment on a patietn who
fainted to the ground from a standign position
two most common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are
falls and motor vehicle collisiosn
The skin and underlying tissues of the face:
have a rich blood supply and bleed profusley
when placing a patient onot a long backboard, the emt at the patietn's ____ is in charge
head
covering the patines______ will help minimize heat loss
heat
which of the followign condition would be teh least likely to increase a persons risk of hypotjermia
hyperglycemia
evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle durign extracation will allow the emt to
identify point and preidct potenial injuries
In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?
if resistance is ecountered or the patient experiences severe pain
The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilation's when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by:
immediate reassessment following the intervention
You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should: .
immediately request ALS
To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:
into the patients rectum
During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:
intra-abdominal bleeding
Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:
intracranial bleeding
A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:
irrigate eyes both for 20 minutes with plain water
bleeding from the nose following head traum
is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped
Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:
it causes a problem managing the airway
Which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correct?
it is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly
When a light is shone into the pupil:
it should become smaller in size
when openign airway of patient with spinal injury use
jaw thrust meneuver
You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:
law enforcement is at the scene
A high school football player was injured during a tackle and complains of neck and upper back pain. He is conscious and alert and is breathing without difficulty. The EMT should:
leave helmet and shoulder pads in place
A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the:
lumbar spine
You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:
lyme disease
If a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:
minuet volume decrease
A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of
mottling and blisters
You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:
move him as a unit to a supine position
In which of the following situations would the EMT be the LEAST likely to immobilize a patient's spine?
no distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication
In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:
open air embolism
a fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diesaes such as cancer is called a
pathologic fracture
nervous systems consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves
peripheral
the_______ nerves control diaphragm
phrenic
Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. You should:
place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck, cover her with warm blankets, and avoid rough handling
A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:
place her onto a scoop stretcher, pas around her left hip and secure her to the scoop with straps
when immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should
place padding under the childs shoulders as needed
most reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is
point tenderness
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where fire fighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be MOST concerned with:
potential for airway swelling
A 30-year-old man complains of severe pain to his right tibia following an injury that occurred the day before. The patient's leg is pale and he is unable to move his foot. The EMT should suspect that:
pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated
a hip fractur is actually the fracture of the
proximal femur
An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:
rapid deteriation of neurological signs
A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:
rapidly transport to hospital
compared to adults, infants and children are at higher rusk fro hypothermia for all of the following reasons except
relativley small surface are
when assesing a patient with a closed soft tissue injury it is impornat to
remain alert for more severe underlyign injuries
A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:
remove lenses and irrigate his eyes
An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:
report incident to the appropriate athorities
A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:
requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation
optic nerve endings are located within the
retina
What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?
rotational and rollover
which of the following stetments ragardign severe burns is correct
severe burns are typically a combination of all degree burns
which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain
skeletal
Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours?
skeletal muscle
What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures?
smooth
Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:
spleen
If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?
stomach rupture
Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT:
superficial scalp lacerations
two most efficient ways for your body to eliminate excess hear are
sweating and vasodialation
which of the following ststements regardign a basilar skull fracture is correct
the absence of raccoon eyes or battle sigsns does not rule it out
which of the following statements regardign thr rule of nines is correct
the anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the bsa
internal injuries caused by a gunshot wounds are diffuclt to predict becuase
the bullet may tubmle or richoet in body
bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following lunt truam most suggestive of injury to
the liver
The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:
tragus
adams apple is
upper part of teh larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilidge
heat loss from the body through respirations occurs when
warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere
The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:
waterproffs skin and makes it supple
