Module 4

The individual right that is widely regarded as the most basic of individual rights is

freedom of expression.

Gideon v. Wainwright required the states to

furnish attorneys for poor defendants in felony cases.

The Supreme Court's position on prior restraint of the press is that

prior restraint should apply only in rare circumstances, and it is better to hold the press responsible for what it has printed than to restrict what it may print.

Justice Holmes's "clear and present danger" test holds that government can

restrict speech that threatens national security.

The Fourth Amendment protects Americans from

unreasonable searches

Government can lawfully prevent a political rally from taking place

when it can demonstrate that harmful acts will necessarily result from the rally.

Libel applies to defamation of an individual's reputation through the

written word.

Spoken words that are known to be false and harmful to a person's reputation are an example of

slander.

________ has executed more convicted criminals in the past quarter century than any other state.

Texas

"You have the right to remain silent....Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law....You have the right to an attorney." This is called

the Miranda warning.

The term "civil liberties" refers to specific individual rights that

are constitutionally protected from infringement by government.

In Bowers v. Hardwick (1986), the Supreme Court justices determined that

the right to privacy does not include homosexual acts.

Voluntary school prayer in the public schools was ruled unconstitutional in

Engel v. Vitale (1962).

Which constitutional amendment protects the individual against self-incrimination?

Fifth

Which of the following amendments contains a due process clause?

Fourteenth

Which of the following is correct with regard to obscenity and the law?

Obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment.

The right to privacy was instrumental in which decision?

Roe v. Wade

Which of the following is the only country that comes close to the United States in terms of the percentage of its citizens who are behind bars?

Russia

In 2007 the Supreme Court reversed its stance on partial-birth abortion, largely due to the replacement of Sandra Day O'Connor with

Samuel Alito.

According to the Supreme Court, prayer in public schools violates

the establishment clause.

What is the greatest restriction on appeals in the United States?

a federal law that bars in most instances a second federal appeal by a state prison inmate

When can police legally begin their interrogation of a suspect?

after the suspect has been warned that his or her words can be used as evidence

If a person yells "fire" in a crowded theater when there is no fire, and people are hurt in the ensuing panic, that individual abused his freedom of speech according to the doctrine of

clear and present danger.

The establishment clause prohibits government from

favoring one religion over another or supporting religion over no religion.

In the Johnson flag-burning case, the Supreme Court ruled that

flag burning, although offensive, cannot be prohibited.