Module 47

According to research cited in your textbook, who is most likely to be a successful supervisor?

Deandre, who is introverted but very skilled at his job.

_____ is a statistical procedure that can be used to identify clusters of behaviors that are related to a trait.

Factor analysis

Jim is taking a personality test based on Carl Jung's personality types. Jim is most likely taking the:

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

Before Serene's first appointment date with a psychologist, she wants her to take the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Serene is uncomfortable taking a personality test for someone she barely knows. What argument can she use to persuade this psychologist that she should NOT take the test?

There are questions about the validity of the test.

Marsha and Ben have been married for thirty years. They have shared everything about themselves, both the good and the bad, with each other. This sharing has helped them grow even closer to one another. Which condition of a growth-promoting climate, as proposed by Carl Rogers, does this exemplify?

acceptance

This Big Five personality factor _____ involves the following endpoints: soft-hearted versus ruthless, trusting versus suspicious, and helpful versus uncooperative.

agreeableness

One of the Big Five personality traits is:

agreeableness.

Alice works as a school counselor for an inner-city school. She is very popular with the kids. They believe that they can share anything with her and that she will listen and take the time to understand what is going on with them. Carl Rogers would argue that Alice would score highly on a scale of:

empathy

According to Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck, the individual variation that is apparent across people can be reduced to several dimensions, including:

extraversion-introversion.

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

factor analysis

Dr. Burns sees his own therapist in order for him to be at his emotional best for seeing patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as:

genuineness.

Rachel is a manager at a large department store. She is popular with her staff. Many of her employees like her because she is honest, frank, and open without any facade. Carl Rogers would argue that Rachel would score highly on:

genuineness.

Cliff is homeless, hungry, and desperate for food and shelter. He will do almost anything to satisfy these needs. According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy, Cliff will pursue:

his focus on food.

As a psychologist, Calvin asks one of his clients to complete the MMPI. After he scores the MMPI, he notices that the client endorsed answers that make her seem healthier than she seems to be. These answers may be detected on:

lie scale

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n):

objective test

According to Carl Rogers, genuineness, acceptance, and empathy are to _____ as water, sun, and nutrients are to _____.

positive growth in humans; the growth of healthy trees

Maria believes that she is a very bright and caring person. These qualities help make up her:

self-concept

When asked "Who are you?" John answers that he is four years old, that he loves trucks and trains, and that his favorite color is blue. John is describing his:

self-concept

Elena has been in therapy for two months. When she began therapy, her therapist asked her to describe herself as she would ideally like to be and as she actually is. He explained that when these two descriptions are nearly alike, the person is thought to have a positive:

self-concept.

While psychologists' research describes personality, it is _____ that determines which personality traits are culturally desirable.

society

As a psychologist, you ask one of your clients to complete the MMPI. After you score the MMPI, you notice that the client endorsed answers that make her seem healthier than she really is. These answers would be detected on:

the lie scale

A(n) _____ describes a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

trait

According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of:

traits

According to Carl Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person is known as:

unconditional positive regard.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI):

was empirically derived.

In promoting personal growth, the person-centered perspective emphasizes each of these EXCEPT:

altruism.

Eli has always been an extravert. There is some evidence that people like Eli seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low. For example, extraverts:

exhibit less activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition.

Jonathan is very good conversationalist but can only handle loud parties for a very short time. He prefers to meet his friends at a quiet wine bar and socialize there. Which personality trait best describes Jonathan?

introversion

Ashley feels that she has reached her full potential as a physician. According to Maslow, Ashley:

is self-actualized.

Michael feels that he has reached his full potential as a college student. He has a 4.0 GPA, is involved in many campus activities, and has just been accepted into graduate school. According to Maslow, Michael:

is self-actualized.

When asked "Who are you?", 15-year-old Samantha answers that she is a sophomore in high school, that her favorite music artist is Taylor Swift, and that her favorite T.V. show is Once Upon a Time. She is describing her:

self-concept.

All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs have been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Abraham Maslow, this suggests that he will next seek to satisfy his need for:

self-esteem.

Most of Dakota's friends look at him with respect. He is self-aware, self-accepting, and open. He is spontaneous and caring, and does not worry about other people's opinions. According to Abraham Maslow, it is likely that Dakota is motivated by:

the need for self-actualization.

Darius's friends know him as someone who values people, regardless of their failings. When people spend time with Darius, they know he will have an attitude of total acceptance toward them. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as:

unconditional positive regard.

Kate comes home with three As and two Bs to which her mother replies, "Is that the best you could do?" and walks away. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as the opposite of:

unconditional positive regard.

Marsha and Ben have been married for thirty years. They have shared everything about themselves, both the good and the bad, with each other. This sharing has helped them grow even closer to one another. Carl Rogers would say that they have:

unconditional positive regard.