Module 5 integumentary system

Which of these glands is properly matched with its mode of secretion?

A, holocrine

What is true about both the epidermis and the dermis?

Sensory receptors are present in each.

What is the structure indicated by label E?

a dermal papilla

If a large number of whiteheads appear on the skin of the forehead, which of the following would result?

all of the above

In a woman that has hirsutism, ________.

androgens stimulate vellus hair to become terminal hair

A Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin's pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient?

anemia

__________ glands are found primarily in the genital and axillary areas.

apocrine

Which skin function is NOT correctly matched with the structure that accounts for that function?

apocrine gland: thermoregulation

Layer B is composed primarily of __________.

areolar connective tissue

The hypodermis is ________.

composed primarily of adipose tissue

Layers B and C collectively form the __________.

dermis

Why would a third-degree burn be less painful than a first- or second-degree burn involving the same body area?

destruction of underlying pain receptors

Thick skin of the epidermis contains __________ layers.

five

This accessory organ of the skin is composed primarily of dead, keratinized cells.

hair

In alopecia, new hair growth stops because cell division is inhibited in the_______

hair matrix

In people with lighter skin, respiratory failure can lead to a change in the color of the skin. Which pigmentation factor is affecting this change?

hemoglobin

These are the most abundant epidermal cells.

keratinocytes

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis?

keratinocytes

Name the substance that protects the DNA of rapidly dividing skin cells from the damage caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun.

melanin

Which skin pigment is made in the skin as a natural defense against UV radiation?

melanin

The portion of a hair that projects from the scalp surface is known as the __________.

shaft

All the following are functions of the skin EXCEPT __________.

site of vitamin A synthesis

During cold weather, blood vessels located in the dermis undergo vasoconstriction restricting blood flow into the skin. This produces additional body heat by routing blood to what effector organ?

skeletal muscle

This layer of the epidermis contains translucent cells filled with keratin fibrils. It is found only in thick skin.

stratum lucidum

Which of the following terms describes layer D?

subcutaneous

Which of the following is a metabolic function of skin?

synthesis of a vitamin D precursor

The source of the fluid that accumulates in a blister is________.

the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels

Which dermal layer is responsible for the dermal properties of skin that are evident as cleavage lines?

the reticular layer

Which of the following does NOT protect the skin from bacteria?

the temp of the skin

Which of the following pigments is not involved in determining skin color?

white pigments in skin cells

What is the role of the hair follicle?

The hair follicle serves as an anchor for the hair shaft.

What is the function of structure B?

detection of pressure stimulus

The skin has two distinct regions. The superficial layer is the __________ and the underlying connective tissue is the __________.

epidermis, dermis

What is the function of the secretion from A?

to lubricate hair and prevent infection

Earwax is made by __________.

ceruminous glands

The skin is NOT a __________ barrier.

metabolic

Which of these epidermal layers would be LEAST likely to develop cancer?

A

Which layer is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue?

C

Which structure is a type of sweat gland?

C

In the presence of sunlight, Vitamin D precursors are produced. This is important for the transport of sodium in our intestines. Is this statement true or false?

False

Why does your skin remain red after a bad sunburn?

Inflammation causes increased blood flow.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

Which of the following would be a sign of a melanoma?

asymmetry

Which of the following is NOT an immediate threat to the system as a result of burns?

bacterial infection

Which of the following would NOT be a correct characteristic of melanoma?

border regularity

__________ is a yellow-orange pigment found in the stratum corneum and the hypodermis.

carotene

The ________ is often referred to as the cuticle of a nail.

eponychium

Which skin-color-associated, pigment-producing cell is located in the labeled layer D?

melanocyte

These cells produce a brown-to-black pigment that colors the skin and protects DNA from ultraviolet radiation damage. The cells are __________.

melanocytes

Which of the following is NOT a function of sebum?

protection from UV radiation

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the epidermis?

rectucilar layer

In general, skin cancer is least likely to develop in which of the following locations?

scalp

The ducts of __________ glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface.

sebaceous

Which glands secrete an oily product that softens the skin and hair?

sebaceous gland

Pigment can be found in several layers of the epidermis. In which layers would you expect to find the cells that produce melanin?

stratum basale

Cell division would be most common among cells in which of the labeled layers?

D

Which of the following correctly describes a common feature of all structures labeled A through D in the figure?

Structures A, B, C, and D are located in the dermis

Which of the following represents a difference between eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands?

The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands.

The skin is permeable to organic solvents, such as acetone or turpentine, because they ________.

can dissolve the lipid bilayers of epidermal and dermal cell plasma membranes

You discover a new type of gland associated with the skin. Chemical analysis of the product shows a secretion has a pH of 4, consists of 99% water, and contains traces of normal electrolytes including urea, vitamin C, and dermicidin. There are no traces of fats or proteins. How would you classify this new gland?

eccrine gland

Keratin protects skin cell DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Is this statement true or false?

false

New portions of a nail are produced at the nail bed. Is this statement true or false?

false

Our skin helps us to regulate our body temperature by causing shivering. Is this statement true or false?

false

The biggest risk factor for the development of skin cancer is excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. Exposure to UV light in a tanning booth is safer. Is this statement true or false?

false

The region beneath the free edge of the nail is called the ________.

hyponychium

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is __________.

melanoma

Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters?

second-degree burn

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the __________.

stratum corner

If a person were born without eccrine glands, what skin function would he or she have a hard time completing?

Thermoregulation

This region of the nail is responsible for nail growth.

nail matrix

Which type of cell is NOT found in the epidermis?

pain receptors

Which of the following best explains the fact that eyebrows do NOT grow as long as the hair on the head?

The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before becoming inactive.

The ________ is the structure responsible for goose bumps.

arrestor pilli

This structure located in the epidermis serves as a tactile (touch) receptor.

merkel cell

This layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints.

papillary layer

Which stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for regenerating the more superficial layers?

stratum basale

What feature of the prickle cells in layer C causes them to have pointy projections after tissue preparation?

their desmosome attachments

Which of the statements below is true for both eccrine and apocrine glands?

they produce sweat

Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D?

to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis

Nails originate from the epidermis.

true