Module 7 History 201

In 1863, Lincoln announced his Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction for occupied Louisiana and other areas of the Confederacy occupied by Union forces. The plan proved controversial. Identify the statements that accurately describe Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction.

*Lincoln essentially offered amnesty and full restoration rights, including property (except slaves), to nearly all white southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and supported emancipation. *Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan offered no role to blacks in shaping the post-slavery order. This led to free blacks pushing for equality before the law and a role in government.

Why did Abraham Lincoln oppose Senator Crittenden's plan to save the Union?

-Lincoln refused to compromise on the issue of the expansion of slavery. -Lincoln feared that Crittenden's reference to land "hereafter acquired" offered the South a thinly veiled invitation to demand the acquisition of Cuba, Mexico, and other territory suited to slavery.

Before Lincoln assumed office on March 4, 1861, seven northern states had formed the Confederate States of America, adopted a constitution, and chosen a new president.

False

Some of the Confederate forces that opposed Grant at Shiloh had recently retreated from another location. What city had they left behind?

Nashville, Tennessee

The Civil War had a profound impact on western Indians. The Union army launched a series of campaigns in the West against tribes such as the Kiowas, Comanches, and Navajo. At one point, Union soldiers forced 8,000 Navajo people to travel hundreds of miles over eighteen days. This became known as the Navajo's Long Walk. Where did the Long Walk of the Navajo end?

fort summer

Union forces in the Western Theater met great success in the first two years of the war, arguably fatally crippling the Confederacy in the process. Who are the two major military figures that brought Union victory in the West during the first two years of the war?

*General Ulysses S. Grant *Admiral David G. Farragut

A seldom discussed aspect of the Civil War is the Union's continuing wars against the Native Americans in the West. Identify the statements that accurately describe Native Americans and the Union in the West during the Civil War.

*The Navajo's Long Walk was the Navajo people's forced removal from the their ancestral lands by the U.S. army. *The Cherokee, forced to Oklahoma by the Indian Removal Act, still owned slaves and sided with the Confederacy at the time of the Civil War. *The U.S. Army attacked the Kiowas and Comanches in the Southwest in retaliation for raids on settlements and ranches.

During the summer of 1862, Lincoln concluded that emancipation had become a political and military necessity. Many factors contributed to this decision. Which of the following are factors that led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

*There was a lack of a quick military success to end the war. *An economic strategy, such as eliminating slavery, would undermine the entire southern economy.

Abraham Lincoln's path to emancipation was gradual and incremental. Place the following initiatives in order, culminating in the Emancipation Proclamation.

- Lincoln rescinded General Fremont's proclamation , freeing slaves in Missouri. -Congress prohibited the army from returning fugitives slaves. -Lincoln championed colonization. -Lincoln issues the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

Identify the statements that describe the population at the time of Mexican independence from Spain in 1821.

- New Mexico consisted of 30,000 persons of Spanish origin, 10,000 Pueblo Indians, and an indeterminate number of nomadic Indians. - In California, there were around 20,000 Indians living and working on land owned by religious missions.

The Dred Scott decision challenged the very heart of the Republican Party platform. What events occurred as a result of the Dred Scott decision?

- Slavery, according to President Buchanan, henceforth existed in all the territories "by virtue of the Constitution." - Dred Scott was bought by a new master and immediately emancipated along with his family.

Identify the statements that describe the results of the election of 1860.

- Stephen Douglas, running as a northern Democrat, won the second-largest share of the popular vote. - Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge carried most of the South with 18 percent of the popular vote. - The Constitutional Union Party, which was quickly organized prior to the election, managed to come in third in the electoral college vote.

Texas annexation was not at the forefront of American politics until President John Tyler used it as a rallying cry for his bid for reelection in 1844. Identify the statements that correctly describe the reactions to the annexation of Texas.

-A letter by Secretary of State John C. Calhoun to President Tyler linked the idea of absorbing Texas directly to the goal of strengthening slavery in the United States. -Prospective presidential candidates, Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren, met and agreed to reject the immediate annexation of Texas on the grounds it might lead to war with Mexico.

After analyzing the following presidential election map, determine which statements accurately reflect the election of 1860.

-Among the states that the Republicans lost in 1856, but won in 1860, were California and Pennsylvania. -Upper South states, such as Tennessee and Virginia, supported a moderate candidate like John Bell.

John Brown raided the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in the hopes of starting a slave revolt. Brown became a public figure and conducted himself with great courage and dignity, winning admiration even from those who opposed his violent deeds. Which of the following statements about John Brown are true?

-During the Kansas civil war, Brown murdered five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek in revenge for the attack on free soil. -Brown was executed by the state of Virginia. -Brown's force that attacked Harper's Ferry on October 16, 1859, numbered only twenty-one men, five of whom were black.

The American Civil War has been equated with the nation building that went on in Germany and Italy, with Lincoln playing the role of Otto von Bismarck. Watch the author video below. Afterward, identify the statements that point to the differences between the European and American experience of nation building in the nineteenth century.

-European nations were being built on the idea of unifying a people of the same ethnic, cultural, and linguistic group into a unified nation. -Lincoln believed that the United States as a nation was embodied in a particular set of universal ideals.

Which of the following choices correctly summarize the impact of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, as reflected in the map?

-It changed the citizenship of many Mexicans to Americans. -It added an enormous area of land to the United States. -Mexico lost one-third of its territory, including the present-day U.S. states of California, Arizona, and Nevada.

In June of 1858, Abraham Lincoln accepted the Illinois Republican Party's nomination to run against Senator Stephen Douglas. The Senate race turned the unknown Lincoln into a national political figure as he challenged, arguably, the most powerful senator in the United States. Which of the following statements describe Lincoln and his platform?

-Lincoln hated slavery but was not an abolitionist. -While Lincoln did not think blacks were the equal of white men in all respects, he believed they deserved to enjoy the fruits of their labor. -Lincoln began running for public office at the age of twenty-one and served four terms as a Whig in the state legislature and one term in Congress.

Which of the following are valid statements about Lincoln's vision of freedom as illustrated in this source?

-Lincoln's use of a parable of the sheep, shepherd, and wolf underscored his thinking about slavery and emancipation. -Lincoln acknowledged northerners had different views of liberty.

Identify the statements that describe the U.S. railroad system in the 1850s.

-Most of the new railroad construction in the 1850s occurred in Ohio, Illinois, and other states in the Old Northwest Territory. -Between 1848 and 1860, railroad workers added thousands of miles of new tracks. -The railroads completed the reorientation of the Northwest's trade from the South to the East.

The Free Soil Party wanted to stop the expansion of slavery into the West. Identify the reasons people supported the Free Soil Party platform.

-Northerners saw moving West as a form of economic betterment, so if the Free Soil Party blocked slavery's expansion, ordinary Americans wouldn't have to compete with plantations to have access to the land. -The Free Soil platform appealed to racist thinking in the North as it did not include emancipation or equal rights. -The Free Soil Party would create more free states, which would break southern domination of the federal government.

While he may have been able to wax elegant in the U.S. Senate, Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederacy, failed to communicate the reasons and meaning of the Confederate war effort. What other failures in the Confederate war effort can be attributed to Jefferson Davis and the political leadership of the Confederacy?

-Southern politicians saw political parties as threats to national unity, and they lacked an organized party to help mobilize support for Davis and the war. -The Confederate government managed to centralize authority far beyond anything the South had experienced before, but it failed to find an effective means of utilizing its major economic resource-cotton. -The Confederate leadership lacked a unity of purpose as even governors openly opposed such measures as the draft.

In July 1863, Lee again invaded the North and clashed with federal forces at the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. Instead of defeating the federals on their own territory, Lee himself was defeated. Identify the statements that accurately describe the Battle of Gettysburg.

.*With over 165,000 men engaged in the battle, Gettysburg is the largest battle ever to have taken place in North America. *Gettysburg was a crushing defeat for Lee, and his army would never again return to northern soil. *Gettysburg was unusual for Lee in that he was on the strategic offensive in northern territory as opposed to being on the strategic defensive on southern ground.

The path leading the nation to civil war culminated in the firing on Fort Sumter in April 1861. This chapter outlines the pivotal events between 1840 and 1861 leading to civil war. Place the following key events in chronological order.

1. The Mexican war 2. the compromise of 1850 3. the Dred Scott decision 4. the election of Abraham Lincoln

April 1865 witnessed some of the most momentous events in American history. Which of the following events occurred that month?

Abraham Lincoln became the first president of the United States to be assassinated. Grant finally broke the siege lines at Petersburg, forcing the retreat and abandonment of Richmond by the Army of Northern Virginia.

When Union forces occupied the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina causing the local white population to flee, former slaves took advantage of the sale of abandoned property. The map below illustrates Port Royal Island in South Carolina, where in 1864 eighteen blacks selected plots on the Sea Island plantation for purchase.According to the map, which former slave claimed a plot of land that had both a road and a creek running through it?

Frank Middleton

Select on the map the site of the battle where the Confederacy reached its "high tide"—its farthest military advance into Union territory.

Gettysburg(July 1-3, 1863)

Identify the reason why the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, was significant.

Lee's invasion of the North resulted in the single bloodiest day in American military history. The dead, according to a survivor of the battle, lay three deep in the field, mowed down "like grass before the scythe".

The Civil War laid the foundation for modern America. In fighting the war, both the North and the South lost something they had gone to war to defend. Identify what each side had to sacrifice.

Northern capital dominated American politics, but in gaining that lead, it both weakened free-labor and transformed the small shop and independent farm into powerful industrial giants. The South lost slavery, economic power, and Southern dominance of American politics.

During the Civil War, Christianity and patriotism were joined in a civic religion unprecedented in American history. How did the war transform American religious and political life?

People turned to religion and spiritualism to cope with the unprecedented number of deaths Many clergy in the North professed that the war was God's instrument to rid the nation of slavery and turn it into the true land of freedom.

Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1844?

President John Tyler used Texas annexation to facilitate his campaign and gain support from southerners. -Whig candidate Henry Clay rejected annexation of Texas because he did not want to inflame sectional tensions.

For the border states that chose not to secede from the Union, what was the impact of their decision?

They would later be exempted from the Emancipation Proclamation.

Analyze the map showing the results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. According to the map, which of the following statements are true?

Under the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the presence of slavery in the new Kansas and Nebraska territories would be a decision left to the citizens of those territories. -The Kansas-Nebraska Act essentially eliminated the purpose of the Missouri Compromise line.

President Lincoln favored a strategy that focused on capturing and holding Confederate territory—namely Richmond, the Confederate capital—not the destruction of the Confederate armies.

false

How does this artist depict the presidential election of 1864?

The war faction of the Democratic Party remained the most powerful.

The Wade-Davis Bill was an unsuccessful bill named after two leading Republican members of Congress unhappy with Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction. Which of the following were provisions of the Wade-Davis Bill?

The bill required a majority, not 10 percent, of white male southerners to pledge support for the Union before Reconstruction commenced. *The Bill passed Congress but was dead when Lincoln refused to sign it. *The Wade-Davis Bill called for equality for blacks before the law.

What facts about the development of the United States' railroad network as of the 1850s are reflected in the map?

The expansion of the network more or less stopped at the Mississippi River. -The main purpose of the railroad was to serve the needs of commercial industry. -The North benefited from the expansion of the network far more than the South.

What facts about the California gold rush are reflected in the map?

The gold rush drew many newcomers to California. -The Sierra Nevada mountains were the center of mining activity. -Gold seekers arrived in California by both ship and land.