Modules #14-16

More than half of all baseball MVPs since 1985 have been in the age range of:

25 to 29

For the first time in her life, Margaret has little sexual desire. She is not alarmed as this is common in others around her age. What age range is Margaret likely in?

75 to 80

_____ was one of the first psychologists to describe adolescence.

G. Stanley Hall

Angela is a 7-month-old baby who rolled over for the first time at 4 months of age and can now sit without support. These milestones reflect:

a maturing nervous system

Which trait is associated with becoming more socially responsible and productive?

delayed gratification

Julia was born in France. For the first 3 years of her life, she spoke both French and English. Then she moved to the United States. From age 3 on, she only spoke English. Now, as a high school student, Julia will study French. It is MOST likely that she will:

have less difficulty with the French accent

Research has shown that among American couples that live together before marriage, there are:

higher rates of divorce

The process of developing a sense of _____ during adolescence was highlighted by Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

identity

Jeremy is 16 years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors Jeremy wears. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Jeremy is in the stage of development called _____ versus _____.

identity; role confusion

Lanae is 3 years old, and her favorite book is Are You My Mother?, a short story about a baby bird who hatches while his mother is away. The baby bird then leaves the nest in search of his mother. The baby bird follows the first thing he sees. When he is told that it is not his mother, he then begins to follow the second thing he sees and so forth. _____ is an attachment concept that is an aspect of this story.

imprinting

According to Erik Erikson, older adults can MOST effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of _____.

integrity

John is 58 years old and is worried about Alzheimer's disease. He asks what he can do to prevent it. You give him this advice.

keep your mind active

When a woman stops ovulating and becomes incapable of reproduction, she experiences:

menopause

Currently, 61-year-old Jim is in a life stage called _____ adulthood.

middle

An example of _____ memory is remembering to buy bread at the store.

prospective

Seventy-year-old Barbara has been asked to memorize a series of 30 words. She is likely to perform similar to a young adult if she is asked to:

recognize the words

Which statement BEST reflects a conclusion of the Carolyn Rovee-Collier infant research discussed in the textbook?

Infants retained specific motor learning but not generalized motor learning

You have the MOST brain cells you will ever have at:

birth

Compared to a century ago, menarche now occurs _____ in life and adult independence begins _____ in life.

earlier; later

Which term is matched with the correct social development concept?

easy - temperament

A person who "in between" adolescence and adulthood, who is no longer a teen but has yet to assume the full range of "grown-up" responsibilities, is in the phase of life known as:

emerging adulthood

Leslie is in the tenth grade and is currently taking calculus. She is doing very well and has even earned an A in the class. Leslie is MOST likely in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

formal operational

In Western cultures, the duration of adolescence is:

increasing

Physical exercise in adulthood encourages the birth of new neurons in areas responsible for learning and memory. MOST specifically, therefore, exercise facilitates _____ in the _____.

neurogenesis; hippocampus

Based on the textbook's discussion, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the frequency of exercise is _____correlated with memory performance in middle age and late life.

positively

Launched in 1994 in the United States, the Back to Sleep campaign:

resulted in far fewer babies sleeping on their stomachs and a concomitant drop in the rate of crib death.

Vygotsky used the term _____ to refer to a framework offering children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

scaffold

At Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning, moral decisions are based on:

self-interest

Physical exercise in adulthood does NOT:

shorten telomeres

Basic trust as a tenet of social development was proposed by:

Erik Erikson

Nadine hears a television talk show guest remark that "a baby's mother provides it with food, and that's the basis for attachment." Nadine immediately realizes that this statement is false because she is familiar with:

Harlow's work with monkeys

Which individual would be expected to show the MOST severe grief?

Melanie, whose husband died suddenly in a car accident

Research participants are presented with this scenario: "There is a runaway trolley headed for five people. All will certainly be killed unless you throw a switch that diverts the trolley onto another track, where one person will die. Will you throw the switch?" What are the likely results to this question?

Most will say yes

Even as adults, people sometimes find that new experiences fit easily into their "mental boxes," their knowledge frameworks. Other times, new experiences may force people to "think outside the box" and expand their mental frameworks. These two sentences align with Piaget's concepts of _____ and _____, respectively.

assimilation; accommodation

Leon's parents set firm rules but are responsive to his needs. They give him a chance to explain himself and also explain their position on why they cannot allow him to stay out past midnight. Leon's parents have a(n) _____ parenting style.

authoritative

Amelia is 3 years old and fights with her mother each morning on what to wear. She insists on dressing herself. Her mother almost always tries to convince her that her mismatched outfit is not suitable for an outing but eventually gives in because of Amelia's persistence. Amelia is dealing with which issue based on Erik Erikson's theory?

autonomy versus shame and doubt

This week Andrea is babysitting twins, Cassy and Nikki. She served the girls brownies, and Cassy complained that her sister had more brownies than her. Andrea divided one of Cassy's brownies in half and asked her if it was now fair. Cassy replied, "No, all you did was cut it in half." Cassy is now in which stage of cognitive development according to Piaget's theory?

concrete operational

Several survivors of a 2018 school shooting in Parkland, Florida, have become nationally recognized advocates for gun control. These students' ability to think abstractly about a complex topic reflects Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

Larry's parents divorced when he was 5. His father moved out of the area, and his mother is kept busy with trying to keep a roof over their heads. Larry is now 13 and has been getting into some minor troubles with school and with the law. Despite this, his mother still allows Larry to come and go as he wishes, she rarely (if ever) punishes him, and she gives in to whatever he wants. She feels guilty about the divorce and that he does not have a father. Larry's mother has a(n) _____ parenting style.

permissive

A child demonstrates object permanence, egocentrism, and a failure to conserve. She is MOST likely in Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

preoperational

Preconventional moral reasoning is to conventional moral reasoning as _____ is to _____.

self-interest; social relationships

With respect to Piaget's theory, object permanence is to pretend play as the _____ stage of cognitive development is to the _____ stage.

sensorimotor; preoperational

Stephanie is 33 years old. She has a full-time career and is not married. She does not have any children. Stephanie's grandmother keeps asking her when she will get married and have children, insisting that Stephanie should be married and a mother by now. She also insists that Stephanie should not focus on her career because once she is married, she should not be working. Stephanie's grandmother is referring to the _____ of her generation.

social clock

Anthony has signed up for a horticulture class. When he walks in the classroom on the first day, he realizes that everyone else in the class, including the teacher, is a woman. He is aware of his:

social identity

Christina walks into her introductory psychology course on the first day of class. She becomes immediately aware that she is the only African-American in the entire class. She is aware of her:

social identity

Makayla is a young White girl who lives in Miami, Florida. Makayla is very aware of her minority status. Her _____ has formed around her uniqueness to the area.

social identity

Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future all develop during the late teens and early twenties, largely as a result of:

the development of the frontal lobe and its connections with other parts of the brain.

Mary's inability to toilet train her 10-month-old infant is MOST likely due to:

the infant's lack of necessary maturation